核心时态与语态 被动语态系统讲解-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（译林版）

高中译林版 核心时态与语态语法全解 语法专版 被动语态系统讲解 译林版高中英语语法全解 考频分析 译林版高中核心时态与语态中，被动语态是重点语法模块，考频占语法总量的15%左右，贯穿试 卷所有核心题型：单项选择(2-3题)、完形填空(2-3题)、语法填空(1-2题)、书面表达（核心考 察，直接影响句子规范性与表达多样性)。在语境理解类题目中，被动语态的时态搭配、主谓一致 及结构转换往往是解题关键。 考查内容 ·基本结构与构成：不同时态下被动语态的构成形式（一般现在时am/is/are+过去分词、一般过去时 was/were+过去分词、一般将来时will be+过去分词、现在完成时have/has been+-过去分词等) ·主动与被动转换：含不同宾语类型（直接宾语、间接宾语、双宾语、复合宾语）的主动句变被动句 规则，及特殊结构（情态动词、感官动词、使役动词）的被动转换 。语境应用与辨析：主动语态与被动语态的语义区别，被动语态在新闻报道、科技文献等正式语境中 的使用场景，及“by叶动作执行者”的省略与保留规则 知识点一：被动语态的构成及基本用法 1.基本结构(be+过去分词) 。一般现在时：am/is/are+过去分词→例句：English is spoken by many people,. ●一般过去时：was/were+过去分词→例句：The letter was written yesterday. 。一般将来时：will be+过去分词/am/is/are going to be+过去分词→例句：The project will be finished next month. ·现在进行时：an/is/are being+过去分词→例句：The house is being built now, 。现在完成时：have/has been+过去分词→例句：The work has been completed. 2.主动语态变被动语态的步骤 。将主动句宾语变为主语（若宾语是代词需改为宾格）→主动：She wrote the book.→被动：The book... 1 高中译林版 核心时态与语态语法全解 。确定谓语动词被动形式(be+过去分词)→The book was written.. 。将主动句主语变为by的宾语（可省略）→The book was written by her. 3.被动语态的用法场景 ·强调动作承受者→例句：This novel was written by Lu Xun.(强调“小说”被谁写) 。不知道动作执行者或无需提及→例句：My bike has been stolen.(不知道谁偷的) ·动作执行者是泛指（如people,.someone等）→例句：It is said that he is a good doctor.(=People say that...) 4.特殊结构的被动语态 ●含情态动词：情态动词+be+过去分词→例句：This task must be finished on time. ·感官动词/使役动词（主动句不带to的不定式作宾补）：be+过去分词+todo→主动：We heard her sing.→被动：She was heard to sing. 知识点二：被动语态的特殊用法与易错点 1.含有情态动词的被动语态（强调能力、义务、可能性等) ●常见情态动词：can(能)、may(可以)、nust(必须)、should(应该)、need(需要) ·结构：主语+情态动词+be+动词过去分词（情态动词后be用原形，过去分词体现被动） 。例句： 1.The work can be finished in two hours.(can+be+finished,表“能被完成") 2.This book must be returned to the library on time.(must+be+returned,表“必须被归还”) 2.感官动词和使役动词的被动语态（主动语态省略o的不定式作宾补时） ●常见动词：see(看见)、hear(听见)、make(使/让)、let(让)、watch(观看) ·主动语态结构（省o):主语+感官动词/使役动词+宾语+动词原形 ·例句： l.We saw him enter the room.（see后宾补enter用原形) 2.The teacher made her clean the classroom.(make后宾补clean用原形) ·被动语态结构（还原to):主语+be+感官动词/使役动词过去分词+to+动词原形 ·例句： l.He was seen to enter the room by us.（被动还原to,be seen to enter) 2.She was made to clean the classroom by the teacher.(被动还原to,be made to clean) 3.不及物动词的被动语态（需添加介词，无被动语态的特殊情况） ·无被动语态的动词(vi.本身不接宾语)：happen(发生)、appear(出现)、disappear(消失)、 cone(来)、go(去) 2 高中译林版 核心时态与语态语法全解 ·例句：An accident happened yesterday..(不可说“An accident was happened yesterday”) ·需加介词的被动结构(vi.+prep.相当于及物动词短语)：主语+be+动词过去分词+介词 。例句： l.The problem has been talked about for a long time.(talk about是短语，被动为be talked about) 2.A new school will be built in this area next year.(build是及物动词，直接用be built) 4.主动表被动的特殊情况（形式主动，意义被动) ·表示主语特征/性质的形容词+不定式（用主动表被动） 。常见形容词：easy(容易的)、difficult(困难的)、hard(艰难的)、heay（重的) 。结构：主语+be+形容词+to+动词原形 。例句： l.The book is easy to read.(书容易被读，用主动to read表被动) 2.This box is heavy to carry.(盒子重，搬起来费力，主动to carry表被动) 。表示“需要被…”的need/want/require+doing（主动形式表被动意义) ·结构：主语+need/want//require+动词现在分词 ·例句： I.The bike needs repairing.(=The bike needs to be repaired,repairing主动表被动) 2.The window wants cleaning.(=The window wants to be cleaned,.cleaning主动表被动) 知识点三：被动语态 1.被动语态的基本结构 。一般现在时被动：am/is/are+过去分词→例句：English is spoken by many people 。一般过去时被动：was/were+过去分词→例句：The letter was written yesterday. ·一般将来时被动：will be+过去分词→例句：A new hospital will be built next year. ●现在完成时被动：have/has been+过去分词→例句：The work has been finished. 2.主动语态变被动语态（中考核心步骤） ·宾变主：主动句宾语→被动句主语→例句：主动：She cleans the room.一被动：The room is cleaned by her ·谓变被：谓语动词→be+过去分词→例句：主动：They grow rice.→被动：Rice is grown by them. ·主变宾：主动句主语→by叶宾语（可省略）一→例句：主动：Tom broke the window.→被动：The window was broken (by Tom). 3.被动语态的特殊用法（中考常考） 。带双宾语的被动：间接宾语→主语/直接宾语→主语→例句：He gave me a book.→I was given a book.A book was given to me 3 高中译林版 核心时态与语态 语法全解 。带宾补的被动：宾补保留原位置→例句：We call her Lucy.→She is called Lucy.. 。情态动词的被动：情态动词+be+过去分词→例句：You must finish it.→It must be finished, 考法精析 考法一：被动语态基本结构及时态判断 核心：根据句子时间状语或上下文语境，确定被动语态对应的正确时态，选择b+过去分词”的恰 当形式 真题1（语法填空）： The Olympic Games_(hold)every four years. 答案：are held 解析：由时间标志词every four years',可知，动作经常性发生，用一般现在时；主语为复数，be动 词用are,hold的过去分词为held。 真题2（单项选择)： A new hospital_in our city next year. A.will build B.will be built C.is built D.was built 答案：B 解析：由时间标志词”next year'”可知，动作发生在将来，用一般将来时的被动语态，结构为”will be+ 过去分词”，build的过去分词为built。. 考法二：主动被动转换与特殊结构应用 核心：结合主动语态变被动语态的步骤，处理含感官动词、使役动词及情态动词的特殊结构转换 真题1（语法填空）： The workers were made_(work)for twelve hours a day by the boss. 答案：to work 解析：主动句中使役动词make后接不带to的不定式作宾补，变为被动语态时需还原to,即be made todo,所以填to work。 真题2（单项选择)： This novel-by many people all over the world. A.reads B.is read C.is reading D.read 答案：B 解析：句意为“这部小说被全世界很多人阅读”，强调动作承受者，应用被动语态；主语为单数， 一 般现在时的被动语态结构为is+过去分词，read的过去分词是read,所以选B。 考法三：被动语态的综合应用 核心：结合时态、情态动词及特殊结构，判断被动语态的正确形式并理解主动表被动的语境 真题1（单项选择)： 高中译林版 核心时态与语态 语法全解 This difficult problemby the teacher in yesterday's class.We can ask her for help. A.was discussed B.discussed C.is discussed D.will be discussed 答案：A 解析：主语“problem”是动作“discuss”的承受者，需用被动语态；由时间标志词“yesterday's class'” 可知用一般过去时，被动结构为“was+过去分词”，discuss的过去分词为discussed。 真题2（语法填空）： The old bridge_(build)in 1980 and it still_(use)now.It needs-(repair)next month. 答案：was built is used repairing 解析：第一空由“inl980”可知用一般过去时被动语态“was built'”;第二空由“now”可知用一般 现在时被动语态“is used”;第三空“need doing”表被动，填repairing(-to be repaired)。 解题小妙招 主动被动转换妙招 主动变被动三步骤，宾作主、谓变被、状保留： 使役感官动词变被动，o字千万要还原： 情态动词被动不复杂，情态+be+过去分词： 不及物动词无被动，主动形式表被动。 综合运用辨析妙招 时态语态结合看，主被动关系先判断： 特殊情况要留意，主动形式表被动意： 从句里面藏被动，主句从句时态要统一： by短语常出现，被动关系很明显； 完成时态加被动，have/has/had been done记心间： 将来完成被动时，will have been done是关键。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题) 1.The 2024 Summer Olympics_in Paris. A.hold B.are held C.will be held D.were held 2.A new library_in our school since last September and it will open soon. A.is built B.has been built C.was built 高中译林版 核心时态与语态 语法全解 D.will be built 3.The little boy was heard_loudly in the next room just now. A.cry B.to cry C.crying D.cried 4.This kind of mobile phonewell because of its good quality. A.sells B.is sold C.sold D.was sold 5.By the time we arrived at the station,the train already. A.left B.has left C.had been left D.was left 6.It is required that all homework before the class begins. A.must be finished B.be finished C.will be finished D.finishes 7.The old temple_by a storm last night and now workers are repairing it. A.destroyed B.was destroying C.was destroyed D.has destroyed 8.Your application form_by the manager tomorrow morning. A.reviews B.will review C.will be reviewed D.has been reviewed 9.The meeting room_now,so we have to wait outside. A.cleans B.is cleaning C.is being cleaned D.has cleaned 10.These books_to the children in poor areas next month. A.send B.will send 6 高中译林版 核心时态与语态语法全解 C.will be sent D.are sent 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.The letters_(deliver)to the post office an hour ago. 2.English_(speak)as a second language in many countries. 3.The problem_(must solve)before the end of this week. 4.By next summer,the new bridge_(complete). 5.We found that the room_(break into)when we got home 6.The patient-(take care of)by nurses carefully in the hospital now. 7.A new park_(build)in our neighborhood next year. 8.The story_(say)to have been written by a famous writer. 9.The door(lock)by my mother,so I couldn't get in. 10.This task(should finish)on time,or we will miss the deadline 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空) A new museum about space exploration_(build)in our city since 2023.It_(expect)to open to the pub- lic in 2026.The museum,which(design)by a famous architect,will show over 500 space-related objects. Last month,a special exhibition_(hold)to test the museum's facilities.Over 2,000 visitors_(invite) to take part.Many said the exhibition(organize)very well. By the time it opens,the museum(equip)with advanced technology,such as virtual reality displays.It _(hope)that the museum _(help)people learn more about space.All visitors_(require)to follow the rules during their visit. 参考答案 演练一：单项选择 1.C 2.B 3.B 4.A 5.c 6.B 7.C 8.C 7 高中译林版 核心时态与语态 语法全解 9.C 10.C 演练二：填空 1.were delivered 2.is spoken 3.must be solved 4.will have been completed 5.had been broken into 6.is being taken care of 7.will be built 8.is said 9.had been locked 10.should be finished 演练三：语法填空 1.has been built 2.is expected 3.was designed 4.was held 5.were invited 6.was organized 7.will have been equipped 8.ishoped 9.will help 10.are required P