核心时态与语态 被动语态系统讲解-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（外研版）

高中外研版 核心时态与语态语法全解 语法专项 被动语态系统讲解 高中外研版核心语法 考频分析 高中外研版核心时态与语态模块中，被动语态是重点语法点，考频占语法总量的15%左右，涉及 试卷多个核心题型：单项选择2-3题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空1-2题、书面表达（核心考察，直 接影响句子结构的规范性与表达准确性)。在语境理解和语法应用类题目中，被动语态的时态搭配 主谓一致及语境匹配往往是解题关键。 考查内容 1.基本结构与构成：不同时态下被动语态的构成（一般现在时an/is/are+done,一般过去时was/were+-done, 一般将来时will be+done,现在完成时have/has been+-done等) 2.主动与被动转换：含不同宾语类型（直接宾语、间接宾语、复合宾语）的主动句变被动句，时态一 致性原则 3.语境应用与辨析：被动语态在新闻报道、科技说明、正式文体中的使用场景，与主动语态的语义区 别及选择依据 知识点一：被动语态的构成及基本用法 1.基本结构(be+过去分词) 1.时态变化体现在be动词上：am/is/are+过去分词（一般现在时）、was/were+过去分词（一般过去 时)、will be+过去分词（一般将来时）、have/has been+过去分词（现在完成时） 2.例句：口The letter is written by her.(一般现在时被动)口The bridge was built in2000.(一般过去时 被动) 2.主动变被动的步骤 1.原句宾语变为主语，原句主语可由by引出(by短语可省略)，谓语动词变为“be+过去分词”形式 2.例句：主动：She cleans the room every day.→被动：The room is cleaned(by her)every day. 高中外研版 核心时态与语态语法全解 3.特殊情况(含情态动词的被动) 1.结构：情态动词+be+过去分词 2.例句： This book must be returned to the library. (must be+过去分词) 口The work can be finished tomorrow.(can be+过去分词) 4.被动语态的使用场景 1.强调动作承受者(Unknown：The window was broken.) 、动作本身(Formal： Englishis spokenworld- wide.) 或避免提及执行者 (Politely： A mistake was made.) 2.例句：Rice is grown in the south of China.(强调动作本身) 口My bike has been stolen.(强调承受 者遭遇) 知识点二：必考时态和被动语态 1.一般现在时(常态、规律、客观真理) 1.时间标志词 always(总是) 、usually(通常) 、often(经常) 、every day/week/month(每天/周/月) 、on Sundays (在周日)、客观真理(无具体时间词，如“地球绕太阳转” 2.主动语态 结构：主语+动词原形(主语为非三单)/动词第三人称单数(主语为三单) 例句： They play basketball every afternoon.(非三单主语， 动词用原形play) She teaches English in a middle school.(三单主语， 动词用teaches) 3.被动语态 结构：主语+am/is/are+动词过去分词(主语单复数决定am/is/are的选择) 例句： □Basketball is played by them every afternoon.(主语单数， 用is； play的过去分词为played) English is taught by her in a middle school.(主语不可数， 用is； teach的过去分词为taught) 2.一般过去时(过去某个时间发生的动作/状态，已结束) 1.时间标志词 yesterday(昨天) 、last week/month/year(上周/月/年) 、just now(刚才) 、in 2020(在2020年) 、three days ago (三天前) 2.主动语态 结构：主语+动词过去式(无单复数变化) 例句： He watched a movie yesterday evening.(watch的过去式为watched) They visited the Great Wall last summer. (visit的过去式为visited) 2 高中外研版 核心时态与语态 语法全解 3.被动语态 结构：主语+was/were+动词过去分词（主语单数用was,复数用were) 例句： 口A movie was watched by him yesterday evening.(主语单数，用was;watch的过去分词为watched) 口The Great Wall was visited by them last summer.(主语单数，用was;isit的过去分词为visited) 3.一般将来时（将来某个时间发生的动作/计划） 1.时间标志词 tomorrow(明天)、next week/month/year(下周/月/年)、in the future(在未来)、soon(很快)、in three days(三天后) 2.主动语态 结构：口主语+wil+动词原形口主语+am/is/are going to+动词原形 例句： ▣We will hold a party next Friday.(will+原形hold) 口She is going to buy a new dress tomorrow.(主语三单，用is going to+原形buy) 3.被动语态 结构：口主语+will be+动词过去分词口主语+am/is/are going to be+动词过去分词 例句： A party will be held by us next Friday.(will be+hold的过去分词held) 口A new dress is going to be bought by her tomorrow.(is going to be+buy的过去分词bought) 4.现在进行时（此时此刻正在发生的动作) 1.时间标志词 now(现在)、at the moment(此刻)、look(看，句首提示)、listen(听，句首提示) 2.主动语态 结构：主语+am/is/are+动词现在分词(doing)(主语单数/三单用is,第一人称用am,复数用are) 例句： ☐I am reading a book now.(第一人称，用am+reading) ☐He is playing the guitar at the moment.（三单主语，用is+playing) 3.被动语态 结构：主语+am/is/are+being+动词过去分词(being体现“正在进行”，过去分词体现“被动”) 例句： 口A book is being read by me now.（主语单数，用is being+read的过去分词read) The guitar is being played by him at the moment..(主语单数，用is being+play的过去分词played) 5.过去进行时（过去某个时刻时间段正在发生的动作） 1.时间标志词 at8p.m.yesterday(昨天晚上8点)、this time last week(上周这个时候)、when+一般过去时句子 (如When he came in) 高中外研版 核心时态与语态 语法全解 2.主动语态 结构：主语+was/were+动词现在分词(doing)(主语单数/三单用was,复数用were) 例句： 口She was watching TV at8p.m.yesterday..(三单主语，用was+watching) 口He was reading a newspaper when the phone rang..(三单主语，用was+reading:rang是一般过去时) 3.被动语态 结构：主语+was/were+being+动词过去分词(was/were体现“过去”，being体现“进行”，过去分 词体现“被动”) 例句： 口TV was being watchedby her at8p.m.yesterday.(主语单数，用was being+watch的过去分词watched) 口A newspaper was being read by him when the phone rang.（主语单数，用was being+read的过去分 词read) 6.现在完成时（过去动作对现在的影响/动作持续到现在) 1.时间标志词 already(已经，肯定句)、yet(还，否定句/疑问句)、for+时间段（如for3 years),、since+时间点 (如since2020)、so far(到日前为止) 2.主动语态 结构：主语+have/has+动词过去分词（主语单数/三单用has,复数/第一人称用have) 例句： 口I have finished my homework already.(第一人称，用have+finished) ☐He has lived here for5 years.(三单主语，用has+-lived) 3.被动语态 结构：主语+have/has been+动词过去分词(have/has been体现“现在完成时”，过去分词体现“被 动”) 例句： 口My homework has been finished by me already.(主语不可数，用has been-+finished的过去分词fin- ished) This house has been lived in by him for5 years.(主语单数，用has been+-lived的过去分词lived:live 是不及物动词，需加n) 7.过去完成时（过去某个动作之前发生的动作，“过去的过去”) 1.时间标志词 by+过去时间点（如by2ol9、by last Friday)、before+过去时句子（如before he left)、when+一 般过去时句子（如When I arrived) 2.主动语态 结构：主语+had+动词过去分词（无单复数变化，统一用had) 例句： 4 高中外研版 核心时态与语态 语法全解 He had finished his work by 5 p.m.yesterday.(had+finished) 口They had left before I arrived..(had+left:arrived是一般过去时，“离开”在“到达”之前) 3.被动语态 结构：主语+had been+动词过去分词(had been体现“过去完成时”，过去分词体现“被动”) 例句： 口His work had been finished by him by5p.m.yesterday.(had been-+finished的过去分词finished) ☐The room had been cleaned by them before I arrived.(had been+cleaned的过去分词cleaned) 知识点三：被动语态的特殊结构 1.情态动词的被动语态 1.can be done(能被…)→例句：The work can be finished in an hour. 2.may be done(可以被…)→例句：This book may be borrowed from the library 3.must be done(必须被…)→例句：Homework must be handed in on time. 4.should be done(应该被…)→例句：The problem should be solved quickly 5.need be done./need to be done(需要被…)→例句：The room needs to be cleaned. 2.感官动词的被动语态 l.be seen to do(被看见做某事)→例句：He was seen to enter the building: 2.be heard to do(被听见做某事)→例句：She was heard to sing in the hall. 3.be watched to do(被观看做某事)→例句：The children were watched to play games 3.固定句型的被动语态 1.It is said that..(据说…)→例句：It is said that he will come tomorrow. 2.It is reported that..(据报道…)→例句：It is reported that the game will be held next week 3.sth.is used to do(某物被用来做…)→例句：Knives are used to cut things. 考法精析 考法一：主动变被动基本结构转换 核心：根据主动句时态及语态要求，将宾语转换为主语并调整谓语为“b+过去分词”结构，注意 保留时态特征和必要的by短语 高中外研版 核心时态与语态 语法全解 真题1（语法填空)： The workers built the museum in 2015.-The museum _(build)in 2015 by the workers. 答案：was built 解析：原句为一般过去时主动语态，宾语“the museum”变为主语后，谓语用“was+过去分词 built'”,保持一般过去时被动结构。 真题2（单选题)： People should protect wild animals. A.Wild animals should protected B.Wild animals should be protect C.Wild animals should be protected D.Wild animals should to be protected 答案：C 解析：含情态动词should的主动句变被动时，结构为“情态动词+be+过去分词”，protect的过去分 词为protected,故选C。 考法二：被动语态与特殊动词结构结合 核心：识别感官动词、使役动词及短语动词的被动语态特殊结构，注意动词原形变被动时to”的添 加及短语完整性 真题1（语法填空）： The children were seen-(play)football on the playground just now. 答案：to play 解析：感官动词see的被动结构中，主动句的动词原形play需还原to,构成be seen to do'”结构。 真题2（单项选择）： The old photos-by my mother when she tidied up the room yesterday. A.found B.were found C.were looking for D.were looked for 答案：B 解析：主语photos与动词find为被动关系，排除AC:”find'为及物动词，此处无需介词，排除D: 般过去时被动语态结构为”was/were+-过去分词”，find的过去分词为found。 考法三：被动语态与时态的综合运用 核心：结合时间标志词判断时态，根据动作承受者确定被动语态，掌握不同时态被动结构（如一般 过去时was/were+done、现在进行时am/is/are being+-done等) 真题1（单项选择）： The flowers_by my mother when I got home yesterday. 6 高中外研版 核心时态与语态 语法全解 A.water B.watered C.were being watered D.are watered 答案：C 解析：主语“the flowers”是动作“water'”的承受者，需用被动语态：由时间标志词“when I got home yesterday”(过去某个时刻)可知，用过去进行时被动语态，结构为“was/were being+过去 分词”，主语复数用were,water的过去分词为watered。. 真题2（语法填空)： A new library_(build)in our school now.It will be finished next month 答案：is being built 解析：主语“a new library”是动作“build”的承受者，用被动语态；由时间标志词“now”可知， 用现在进行时被动语态，结构为“am/is/are being+过去分词”，主语单数用is,build的过去分词为 built。 解题小妙招 被动语态解题妙招 主动变被动看宾语，宾作主后谓调整： be加done是被动，时态变化看be形： 情态动词后接be,to在被动有时添： 感官使役主动省to,被动还原to莫忘记： 短语动词变被动，介词副词要留住： 过去进行被动时，was/were being done; 完成被动have/has/had been,将来被动will be跟： 主谓关系用主动，动宾关系被动行。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题) 1.Many new houses_in our city since last year. A.build B.built C.have built D.have been built 2.The problem_at the meeting when the manager arrived. A.discussed B.was discussed C.was being discussed D.has been discussed 7 高中外研版 核心时态与语态语法全解 3.Students_to use mobile phones in most middle schools. A.don't allow B.aren't allowed C.didn't allow D.weren't allowing 4.The little girl was heardhappily in the next room just now. A.sing B.to sing C.singing D.sung 5.This kind of cloth soft and sells well in the market A.feels B.is felt C.felt D.is feeling 6.The old man_by his grandchildren when he fell down. A.was helped B.helped C.was helping D.has helped 7.The sports meetingtill next week because of the heavy rain A.will put off B.will be put off C.puts off D.is put off 8.Youto take part in the competition if you pass the test. A.allow B.are allowed C.will allow D.will be allowed 9.The novel into over 20 languages since it was published. A.translates B.translated C.has translated D.has been translated 10.The machine_now.You'd better not touch it. A.repairs B.is repaired C.is being repaired 8 高中外研版 核心时态与语态语法全解 D.has been repaired 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.The letter(write)by my sister an hour ago. 2.English(speak)by millions of people around the world. 3.The children should_(take)good care of by their parents. 4.We saw him enter the building just now.-He was seen_(enter)the building just now. 5.The teacher made us finish the work on time.-We were made(finish)the work on time. 6.The old bridge(build)in 1980 and it is still in use now. 7.The problem_(discuss)at the meeting tomorrow afternoon. 8.The books(must return)to the library within two weeks. 9.My bike(steal)when I was shopping yesterday. 10.A new hospital(build)in our town now. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Paper-cutting is a traditional Chinese art form with a history of over 1,500 years.It is often used to decorate houses during festivals.In the past,paper-cutting_(make)by hand,but now machines can help people create more complex designs. The process of making paper-cutting is interesting.First,patterns-(draw)on red paper.Then,the paper (cut)carefully with scissors.Skilled artists can cut out different shapes like flowers,animals,and characters.These artworks_(love)by people of all ages because they symbolize happiness and good luck. Today,paper-cutting-(teach)in many schools to protect this cultural heritage.Students-(encourage) to learn the skills and create their own works.Last year,a paper-cutting exhibition(hold)in our city, and many beautiful pieces_(show)to visitors. It is said that paper-cutting(include)in the next school art festival.More young people-(inspire)to take part in preserving this traditional art through such activities. 参考答案 演练-：1D2.C3B4.B5.A6.A7B8.D9D10.C 1.was written 2.is spoken 3.be taken 4.to enter 5.to finish 6.was built 7.will be discussed 8.must 9 高中外研版 核心时态与语态 语法全解 be returned 9.was stolen 10.is being built 1.was made 2.are drawn 3.is cut 4.are loved 5.is taught 6.are encouraged 7.was held 8.were shown 9.will be included 10.will be inspired 10