非谓语动词 分词 doing done 系统讲解-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（沪外版）

高中沪外版高中英语语法全解 非谓语动词知识点全解 语法精讲 【专题】分词doing /done系统讲解 非谓语动词专项突破 考频分析 沪外版高中英语中，非谓语动词是重点语法模块，考频占语法总量的15%左右，贯穿试卷所有核 心题型：单项选择3-4题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空2-3题、书面表达核心考察，直接影响句子 完整性与准确性。在语境理解类题目中，分词doing/,done的用法及与其他非谓语形式的辨析往往是 解题关键。 考查内容 ·分词形式与意义辨析：现在分词doing表主动、进行；过去分词done表被动、完成的核心区别 。句法功能应用：作定语（前置/后置定语的选择）、状语（时间、原因、伴随、结果状语的语境匹配）、 宾语补足语（感官动词/使役动词后的搭配） 。固定搭配与特殊用法：某些动词后接doing作宾语（如enjoy,avoid)与done作宾补（如have sth done)的固定结构，独立主格结构中分词的逻辑主语判断 知识点一：分词的分类及基础用法 1.现在分词（doing形式，表示主动或进行) 1.构成方式：动词原形加-ing（如work→working,study→studying) 2.用法及例句： 。作定语（主动关系）：The running boy is my brother.(正在跑步的男孩是我弟弟) ·作表语（表主语特征）：The movie is exciting.(这部电影令人兴奋) ·作宾语补足语（与宾语是主动关系）：I heard her singing in the room.（我听见她在房间里唱歌) 2.过去分词(done形式，表示被动或完成) 1.构成方式：规则动词加-ed(如watch-→watched,.clean-→cleaned),不规则动词需特殊记忆（如see→seen, eat→eaten) 1 高中沪外版高中英语语法全解 非谓语动词知识点全解 2.用法及例句： ·作定语（被动关系）：The broken window was repaired yesterday.(被打破的窗户昨天修好了) 。作表语（表主语状态）：We were surprised at the news.(我们对这个消息感到惊讶) ·作宾语补足语（与宾语是被动关系）：I found the door locked when I got home.(我到家时发现门 锁了) 知识点二：非谓语动词的基本形式及用法 1.动词-ing形式(doing)(主动或进行) 1.功能及用法： ·作主语（表示泛指或习惯性动作） ·宾语（跟在enjoy,finish,practice等动词后） ·表语（说明主语性质或状态） ·定语（修饰名词，表主动或正在进行） ·状语（表伴随、时间、原因等） 2.结构示例： ·主语：Swimming is good exercise.(游泳是很好的运动，表泛指动作) ·宾语：She enjoys reading novels.(她喜欢读小说，跟在enjoy后作宾语) ·表语：His hobby is collecting stamps.(他的爱好是集邮，说明主语性质) ·定语：The running water is clean.(流动的水很干净，修饰water,表主动进行) ·状语：They walked in the park,singing happily..(他们在公园散步，高兴地唱歌，表伴随) 2.动词-ed形式(done)(被动或完成) 1.功能及用法： ·作表语（表示主语的状态或感受） ·定语（修饰名词，表被动或已完成） 。状语（表被动、原因、条件等） 2.结构示例： ·表语：The window is broken.(窗户破了，说明主语状态) ·定语：I have a book written by Lu Xun.(我有一本鲁迅写的书，修饰book,表被动完成) 。状语：Seen from the top of the hill,,the city looks beautiful.(从山J顶看，这座城市很美，表被动条 件) 2 高中沪外版高中英语语法全解 非谓语动词知识点全解 3.动词不定式(todo)（目的、将来或具体动作) 1.功能及用法： 。作主语（表示具体或一次性动作，常用t作形式主语） 。宾语（跟在want,decide,hope等动词后） 。表语（说明主语的具体内容或目的) 。定语（修饰名词，表将来或未完成） ·状语（表目的、结果、原因等） 2.结构示例： ·主语：It's important to learn English well..(学好英语很重要，it作形式主语，to learn是真正主语) 。宾语：He wants to buy a new bike.(他想买一辆新自行车，跟在want后作宾语) ·表语：Her dream is to be a doctor..(她的梦想是成为一名医生，说明主语内容) ·定语：I have a lot of homework to do.(我有很多作业要做，修饰homework,表将来动作) ●状语：She came here to see her mother.(她来这里看她妈妈，表目的) 知识点三：非谓语动词 1.todo(不定式) 1.基础搭配拓展（中考必背）： ·offer to do(主动提出做)→例句：He offers to help me carry the books 。forget to do(忘记去做)→例句：Don't forget to turn off the lights when you leave. 。remember to do(记得去做)→例句：Remember to buy some milk on your way home.. ·agree to do（同意做)→例句：She agrees to go shopping with me. 。refuse to do(拒绝做)→例句：He refuses to lend me his bike 。choose to do(选择做)→例句：They choose to stay at home on weekends, ·prepare to do(准备做)一例句：We prepare to have a picnic next Sunday. ·promise to do（承诺做)→例句：I promise to be on time tomorrow. 。need sb.todo(需要某人做)→例句：My mother needs me to wash the dishes. 。would like to do(想要做)→例句：I would like to drink some coffee. 2.特殊结构搭配（中考易错）： ·ask sb.not to do(要求某人不要做)→例句：The teacher asks us not to talk in class. 。tell sb.not to do(告诉某人不要做)→例句：My father tells me not to play computer games late, 。It takes sb.some time to do(做某事花费某人多长时间)→例句：It takes me an hour to get to school. 3 高中沪外版高中英语语法全解 非谓语动词知识点全解 2.doing（动名词/现在分词) 1.基础搭配拓展（中考必背）： 。miss doing(错过做)→例句：I missed watching the football match last night.. ·consider doing(考虑做)→例句：He is considering buying a new car. ·suggest doing(a建议做)→例句：She suggests going to the cinema this evening. ●admit doing(承认做)→例句：He admitted breaking the window. ·delay doing(推迟做)→例句：They delayed having the meeting until next week 。risk doing(冒险做)→例句：He risked losing his job to speak the truth, ·can't help doing(忍不住做)→例句：Ican't help laughing when I see the funny picture ·feel like doing(想要做)→例句：Do you feel like eating out tonight? ·be busy doing(忙于做)→例句：My mother is busy cooking dinner. 。prevent doing(阻止做)→例句：Nothing can prevent us from achieving our dreams.. 2.固定短语搭配（中考常考）： 。be worth doing(值得做)→例句：The book is worth reading 。instead of doing(代替做)→例句：He went shopping instead of staying at home. 。think about doing(考虑做)→例句：I am thinking about changing my job. 3.done(过去分词) 1.基础搭配拓展（中考必背）： ●be interested in done(对被…感兴趣)→例句：She is interested in being invited to the party.. ·get done(被…)→例句：My bike got stolen yesterday. 。have sth.done(让某事被做)一例句：I had my hair cut yesterday. 。see sth.done(看见某事被做)例句：I saw the window broken by the boy:. 。hear sth.done(听见某事被做)→例句：I heard the song sung in English. ·make sth.done(使某事被做)一例句：He made his voice heard by everyone. 。find sth.done(发现某事被做)→例句：She found her bag stolen when she got home. ·keep sth.done(使某事保持被…状态)→例句：Please keep the door closed, 。want sth.done(想要某事被做)→例句：I want my room cleaned, 。need sth.done(需要某事被做)→例句：The car needs repaired, 2.特殊结构搭配（中考易错)： 。done作定语（表示被动或完成）→例句：The broken window needs to be repaired. 。done作表语（表示状态）→例句：The door is closed. ·done作宾语补足语（表示被动）→例句：I had my clothes washed. 4 高中沪外版高中英语语法全解 非谓语动词知识点全解 考法精析 考法一：分词作定语的用法辨析 核心：根据被修饰名词与分词动作的逻辑关系（主动/被动）及动作发生时间（同时/完成），选择正 确的分词形式（现在分词/过去分词/现在分词完成式/现在分词被动式） 真题1（语法填空)： The girl_(read)a storybook in the classroom is my best friend. 答案：reading 解析：被修饰名词'the gir’与分词动作”read'是主动关系，且动作正在进行，用现在分词作定语。 真题2（单项选择）： Most of the artists_to the party were from South Africa. A.invited B.inviting C.having invited D.to invite 答案：A 解析：被修饰名词'the artists''与分词动作'invite”是被动关系，且动作已完成，用过去分词作定语。 考法二：分词作状语的时态与语态综合运用 核心：结合上下文动作的时间关系（同时/先后）和逻辑关系（主动/被动），选择正确的分词形式 (doing/having done/being done/having been done) 真题1（语法填空)： -(invite)to the concert,Mary felt excited and prepared a nice dress. 答案：Having been invited 解析：“被邀请”发生在“感到兴奋”之前，且May与invite是被动关系，故用现在分词完成被动 式Having been invited。 真题2（单项选择)： -the report,he decided to have a rest. A.Writing B.Written C.Having written D.Being written 答案：C 解析：“写报告”先于“决定休息”发生，且he与write是主动关系，用现在分词完成式Having written 考法三：分词的时态与语态综合应用 核心：结合语境判断分词与谓语动作的时间关系（同时/先后）及主被动关系，选择正确的现在分词 一般式/完成式、主动/被动语态或过去分词 真题1（单项选择)： -the homework,he went to play basketball with his friends. A.Finishing B.Finished C.Having finished D.Being finished 答案：C 解析：“完成作业”动作先于“去打篮球”发生，且主语“he”是动作“finish”的发出者，应用现 高中沪外版高中英语语法全解 非谓语动词知识点全解 在分词完成式(having done)表主动且先于谓语动作。 真题2（语法填空)： The novel_(write)by Mo Yan last year has been translated into many languages. 答案：written 解析：主语“the novel'”与“write”是被动关系，且“去年写的”表示动作已完成，用过去分词(dome) 作定语表被动和完成。 解题小妙招 分词解题妙招 分词作定看逻辑，主动进行用doing,被动完成用done: 分词作状辨先后，主动先行动用having done,.被动先行动用having been done: 同时主动用doing,同时被动用being done: 时间标志是关键，now进行being现，完成先后have体现： 主谓主动是核心，被动done跟逻辑。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题) 1.-the piano,she heard someone knocking at the door. A.Play B.Playing C.Played D.To play 2.Most of the people_to the party were famous scientists. A.inviting B.invited C.having invited D.to invite 3.-in the countryside for many years,he knows a lot about plants. A.Living B.Lived C.Having lived D.To live 4.The bridgenow will reduce traffic pressure in the area. A.building B.built C.being built D.having built 5.-by the heavy rain,we had to stay at home for the whole day. A.Stopping B.Stopped C.Having stopped D.To stop 6.-the letter,she put it into the envelope and went to the post office. A.Writing B.Written C.Having written D.To write 7.The novel_by Mo Yan has been translated into many languages. A.written B.writing C.being written D.having written 8.-the movie twice,he still wanted to watch it again. A.See B.Seeing C.Seen D.Having seen 6 高中沪外版高中英语语法全解 非谓语动词知识点全解 9.carefully,the old man walked across the busy street. A.Guide B.Guiding C.Guided D.To guide 10.The project-next month will improve the city's public transport. A.completing B.completed C.being completed D.to be completed 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.-(see)from the mountain,the village looks like a beautiful painting. 2.The students_(discuss)the problem now are from Class Three. 3.(finish)his homework,Tom went out to play basketball with his friends. 4.The book-(publish)last year has become a bestseller. 5.(invite)to the wedding,Lucy bought a nice gift for the couple. 6.The workers-(build)the new hospital are working very hard. 7.(hear)the good news,she jumped with joy. 8.The car_(repair)in the garage is my father's. 9.(live)in Paris for five years,he speaks French fluently. 10.-(encourage)by her teacher,Mary decided to take part in the competition. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 Last weekend,I participated in a volunteer activity 1.-(organize)by our school.The goal was to help clean up a park 2.-(pollute)by litter.When we arrived,we saw workers 3.-(clear)the rubbish.Some students started 4.-(pick)up plastic bottles,while others were responsible for 5.-(sweep)the paths. 6.-(work)for two hours,we took a break under a big tree 7.-(shade)us from the sun.A local resident, 8.-(notice)our efforts,came over to thank us.She said the park 9.-(neglect)for months and our help meant a lot. By the end of the day,the park looked much cleaner.10.-(see)the changes we had made,I felt a strong sense of pride in our team 答案区 演练-：1B2.B3.C4.C5.B6.C7.A8D9.C10D 1.Seen 2.discussing 3.Having finished 4.published 5.Having been invited 6.building 7.Hearing 8.being repaired 9.Having lived 10.Encouraged 7 高中沪外版高中英语语法全解 非谓语动词 知识点全解 1.organized 2.polluted 3.clearing 4.to pick/picking 5.sweeping 6.Having worked 7.shading 8.noticing 9.had been neglected 10.Seeing 8