非谓语动词 分词 doing done 系统讲解-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（人教版）

人教版高中语法全解 非谓语动词分词系统讲解 语法精讲 【专题】分词doing/done系统讲解 非谓语动词专项突破 考频分析 人教版高中非谓语动词中，分词doing/done是重点语法模块，考频占非谓语动词总量的40%左右， 贯穿试卷所有核心题型：单项选择3-4题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空2-4题、书面表达核心考察， 直接影响句子结构复杂度与表达多样性。在语境理解类题目中，分词的主动与被动关系、时间关系 及逻辑主语一致性往往是解题关键。 考查内容 ·分词形式与意义辨析：现在分词doing表主动、进行：过去分词done表被动、完成的基本特征： 。句法功能应用：作定语（前置/后置定语的选择）、状语（时间、原因、伴随等语境）、宾语补足语的 搭配规则： ·固定搭配与语境区分：接doing或done的动词/形容词固定搭配（如keep doing,get done),以及独 立主格结构中分词的逻辑主语匹配。 知识点一：分词的分类及基础用法 1.现在分词(doing形式，表示主动或进行) 1.功能：作定语、表语、宾语补足语、状语 2.例句： 。The running water is very clear.(作定语，表主动) ●He is reading a book.(作表语，表进行) ·I saw her dancing in the park.(作宾语补足语，表主动进行) ·Walking in the street,.she met an old friend.(作状语，表伴随) 2.过去分词(done形式，表示被动或完成) 1.功能：作定语、表语、宾语补足语、状语 人教版高中语法全解 非谓语动词 分词系统讲解 2.例句： ·The broken window needs to be repaired.(作定语，表被动完成) 。The glass is broken.(作表语，表状态) 。I had my hair cut yesterday.(作宾语补足语，表被动) ·Seen from the top of the mountain,the city looks beautiful.(作状语，表被动) 知识点二：非谓语动词(doing/done形式) 1.现在分词(doing)(主动/进行) 1.功能：作定语（修饰名词，表主动或正在进行）、状语（表伴随、结果、时间等）、宾语补足语（补 充说明宾语的动作) 2.结构特点：与被修饰词/逻辑主语是主动关系，或动作正在进行 3.例句： ·作定语：The running boy is my brother.(running修饰boy,表主动“正在跑的”) ·作状语：She sat by the window,reading a novel.(reading表伴随动作，“坐着的同时在读书”) 。作宾补：I heard her singing in the next room.(singing补充说明her的动作，“听到她正在唱歌”) 2.过去分词(done)(被动/完成) 1.功能：作定语（修饰名词，表被动或已完成）、状语（表被动、条件、原因等）、宾语补足语（补充 说明宾语的状态或被动动作) 2.结构特点：与被修饰词/逻辑主语是被动关系，或动作已完成 3.例句： ·作定语：The broken window was repaired yesterday..(broken修饰window,表被动“被打破的"”) 。作状语：Seen from the hill,the city looks beautiful.(Seen表被动，“城市被从山上看时”) ·作宾补：We found the door locked when we got home.(locked补充说明door的状态，“门被锁着”) 3.doing与done的核心区别 1.语态不同：doing表主动，done表被动（如：a moving story感人的故事“故事主动感人”；amoved audience被感动的观众“观众被感动”) 2.时间关系不同：doing表动作正在进行，done表动作已完成（如：falling leaves落叶“正在落下的叶 子”；fallen leaves落叶“已经落下的叶子”) 3.例句对比： 。The girl talking to Tom is my sister..(talking主动，“女孩正在和汤姆说话”) 人教版高中语法全解 非谓语动词分词系统讲解 ·The letter written by Lucy was sent yesterday..(written被动，“信被露西写好，昨天被寄出”) 知识点三：非谓语动词 1.todo（不定式) 1.基础搭配拓展（中考必背)： ·agree to do(同意做)一例句：My parents agree to take me to the zoo. 。offer to do(主动提出做)→例句：He offers to help me with my English. ●refuse to do(拒绝做)→例句：She refuses to eat junk food. ·promise to do(承诺做)→例句：I promise to be on time tomorrow, 。choose to do(选择做)→例句：They choose to stay at home on Sunday. 。seem to do(似乎做)→例句：He seems to know the answer.. ●would like to do(想要做)→例句：I would like to drink some water.. ·ask to do(请求做)→例句：She asks to join our club. 。want sb.todo(想要某人做)→例句：I want my brother to help me. ●teach sb.todo(教某人做)→例句：My mother teaches me to cook, 2.特殊结构搭配（中考易错）： 。It takes sb.some time to do(做某事花费某人多长时间)→例句：It takes me an hour to get to school.. ●have no time to do(没时间做)→例句：I have no time to watch TV today. 。be ready to do(准备好做)→例句：We are ready to start the meeting.. 2.doing（动名词/现在分词) 1.基础搭配拓展（中考必背）： ·feel like doing(想要做)→例句：I feel like eating ice cream now. 。stop doing(停止做)一例句：Please stop talking in class. ·give up doing（放弃做)→例句：He gives up playing computer games. ·be busy doing(忙于做)→例句：My mother is busy cooking dinner. 。consider doing(考虑做)→例句：I consider buying a new bike. 。miss doing(错过做)→例句：I miss seeing the movie last night, 。suggest doing(建议做)→例句：She suggests going for a walk. ·allow doing(允许做)→例句：The school allows running in the playground. ·prevent doing(阻止做)一例句：The rain prevents us from going out. 。keep on doing(继续做)→例句：He keeps on working though he is tired. 3 人教版高中语法全解 非谓语动词 分词系统讲解 2.固定短语搭配（中考常考）： 。be worth doing(值得做)→例句：The book is worth reading. 。can't help doing(忍不住做)→例句：Ican't help laughing at his joke. ·be fond of doing(喜欢做)→例句：She is fond of dancing. 3.done(过去分词) 1.基础搭配拓展（中考必背）： ●get done(被…)一例句：My bike got repaired yesterday. ●have sth.done（让某物被…)→例句：I have my hair cut every month. 。be interested in done(无此搭配，正确为be interested in doing,此处仅为示例格式)→例句：（无 正确例句，此条仅作结构展示) ·be surprised at done(无此搭配，正确为be surprised at doing,此处仅为示例格式)→例句：（无 正确例句，此条仅作结构展示) ·be pleased with done(无此搭配，正确为be pleased with doing,此处仅为示例格式)→例句：（无 正确例句，此条仅作结构展示) ·be worried about done(无此搭配，正确为be worried about doing,此处仅为示例格式)→例句：（无 正确例句，此条仅作结构展示) 。be excited about done(无此搭配，正确为be excited about doing,此处仅为示例格式)一→例句：（无 正确例句，此条仅作结构展示) ·be tired of done(无此搭配，正确为be tired of doing,此处仅为示例格式)→例句：（无正确例 句，此条仅作结构展示) ·be used to done(无此搭配，正确为be used to doing,此处仅为示例格式)→例句：（无正确例 句，此条仅作结构展示) 。be scared of done(无此搭配，正确为be scared of doing,此处仅为示例格式)→例句：（无正确 例句，此条仅作结构展示) 2.固定短语搭配（中考常考）： 。have sth.done(让别人做某事)→例句：I have my car washed every week. ●get sth.done(使某事被做)一→例句：He gets his homework finished on time 。be done with(完成)→例句：I am done with my work. 考法精析 考法一：分词作定语的位置及语态判断 人教版高中语法全解 非谓语动词 分词系统讲解 核心：根据分词的性质（单个分词/分词短语）及与被修饰词的逻辑关系（主动/被动），确定分词的 位置和形式 真题1（语法填空）： The girl_(stand)under the tree is my best friend. 答案：standing 解析：分词短语作定语需后置，逻辑主语the girl与stand为主动关系，用现在分词standing。 真题2（单项选择）： We should help those-people in the earthquake area. A.affecting B.affected C.affect D.to affect 答案：B 解析：单个分词作定语前置，people与affect为被动关系，用过去分词affected表示“受影响的”。 考法二：分词作状语及时态语态判断 核心：结合上下文语境，判断分词与逻辑主语的关系（主动/被动）及分词动作与谓语动作的先后顺 序，选择正确的分词形式(doing/.done/having done/having been done) 真题1（语法填空）： _(finish)the project ahead of time,they decided to have a celebration. 答案：Having finished 解析：finish与逻辑主语hey是主动关系，且finish动作先于谓语动作decided发生，故用现在分词 完成式Having finished。 真题2（完形填空)： -many times,the boy still didn't know how to solve the problem. A.Telling B.Told C.Having told D.Having been told 答案：D 解析：tell与逻辑主语the boy是被动关系，且tell动作先于谓语动作didn'tkow发生，故用现在分 词完成被动式Having been told。 考法三：分词作定语与状语的综合辨析及逻辑关系判断 核心：结合分词的主动/被动语态、动作进行/完成状态，判断分词在句中作定语或状语时的正确形 式，并分析其与逻辑主语的关系。 真题1（单项选择）： _from the top of the tower,the city looks more beautiful. A.Seeing B.Seen C.To see D.See 答案：B 解析：句中“the city”是分词动作“see”的承受者，存在被动关系，应用过去分词“Seen”作状语 表示“被从塔顶看时”，符合知识点二“过去分词作状语表被动”及知识点三“分词作状语的逻辑 关系判断”。 真题2（语法填空）： 人教版高中语法全解 非谓语动词 分词系统讲解 The girl-(read)a book under the tree is my best friend.She enjoys-(read)very much. 答案：reading reading 解析：第一空，“the girl”与“read”是主动关系且动作正在进行，用现在分词“reading”作定语， 符合知识点一“现在分词作定语表主动进行”和知识点三“单个分词作定语前置，短语后置”（此 处为分词短语作后置定语)：第二空，“enjoy”后接动名词作宾语，“reading”为动名词，符合知识 点三“现在分词Vs动名词作表语/宾语”的用法辨析。 解题小妙招 分词解题妙招 分词作定看位置，单个在前短语后：主动关系用doing,被动关系用done。 分词作状辨关系，主动doing被动done:先后顺序要分明，先于谓动用having done,被动完成having been done。 独立主格看逻辑，主宾不同要分离：分词时态语态判，主动doing被动done,完成having done/been done。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题) 1.The_(break)glass was cleaned by Tom yesterday. A.breaking B.broke C.broken D.being broken 2.-the exam,he felt very relaxed. A.Finishing B.Having finished C.Finish D.To finish 3.The story is sothat all of us are in it. A.interesting;interested B.interested;interesting C.interesting;interesting D.interested;interested 4.-by his teacher,he decided to study harder. A.Encouraging B.Encouraged C.Having encouraged D.To encourage 5.The book_on the desk is mine. A.lying B.laying C.lied D.lain 6.many times,she still forgot to bring her ID card. A.Telling B.Told C.Having told D.Having been told 7.The meeting一，we left the room quietly. A.being over B.over C.is over D.was over 8.With the problem_,they went out for dinner. A.solving B.solved C.to solve D.solve 6 人教版高中语法全解 非谓语动词 分词系统讲解 9.Her main job is_care of the elderly. A.taking B.taken C.take D.to take 10.-the bad weather,the sports meeting was put off. A.Because B.Due to C.Owing to D.With 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.The boy_(read)a novel now is my brother. 2.-(see)from the hill,the city looks beautiful. 3.She sat there,_(wait)for her mother. 4.-(not know)his address,I couldn't visit him. 5.The house_(build)last year is now a library. 6.He was criticized for(make)the same mistake again. 7.(finish)his work,he went to the cinema. 8.The teacher came into the classroom,_(follow)by some students. 9.Weather(permit),we will go hiking tomorrow. 10.(be)ill,she didn't attend the meeting 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空) Last Sunday,I went to the park and saw an old man(sit)on a bench.He looked sad,so I walked over and asked him what was wrong.He toldme he had lost his wallet-(contain)his ID card and some money. _(hear)this,I offered to help him look for it.We searched everywhere,_(check)under trees and behind bushes.After_(spend)nearly an hour,we finally found the wallet near a flower bed.The old man was very grateful,-(say)that I was a kind person.When I got home,my mother noticed I was tired and asked me what I(do).I told her the story,and she praised me for_(help)others.-(smile),I realized that even small acts of kindness can make a big difference.This experience taught me that-(help)others is helping ourselves. 答案区 演练-：1.C2B3.A4.B5.A6.D7.A8.B9.A10D 1.reading 2.Seen 3.waiting 4.Not knowing 5.built 6.making 7.Having finished 8.followed 9.per- mitting 10.Being 1.sitting 2.containing 3.Hearing 4.checking 5.spending 6.saying 7.had done 8.helping 9.Smiling 10.helping 1