非谓语动词 分词 doing done 系统讲解-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（冀教版）

高中冀教版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 语法专版 【专题】非谓语动词之分词doing/done 语法专项突破 考频分析 冀教版高中英语中，非谓语动词是重点语法模块，考频占语法总量的15%左右，贯穿试卷所有核 心题型：单项选择3-4题、完形填空23题、语法填空2-4题、书面表达核心考察，直接影响句子 丰富度与表达准确性。在语境理解类题目中，分词doing和done的用法及区别往往是解题关键。 考查内容 ·分词形式与意义辨析：现在分词doing表示主动、进行；过去分词done表示被动、完成的基本特征 。句法功能应用：作定语（前置/后置定语的选择）、状语（时间、原因、伴随、结果状语等语境匹配）、 宾语补足语（感官动词后的用法区别） 。固定搭配与语境区分：与介词、动词搭配的固定结构（如be interested in doing,have sth done),以 及独立主格结构中分词的正确选用 知识点一：分词的形式及基础用法 1.现在分词(doing形式，表主动或进行) l.构成方式：动词原形+img（如：working,reading,running) 2.例句： ·The girl singing in the room is my sister.(表主动，作定语修饰girl) 。He is watching TV now.(表进行，与be动词构成现在进行时) 2.过去分词(done形式，表被动或完成) 1.构成方式：规则动词加-ed（如：worked,.finished):不规则动词需特殊记忆（如：seen,broken) 2.例句： ·The window broken by Tom has been repaired.(表被动，作定语修饰window) ●I have finished my homework.(表完成，与have构成现在完成时) 1 高中冀教版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 知识点二：非谓语动词之doing/done的用法 1.现在分词(doing)的用法（主动/进行） 1.作定语（修饰名词，表示主动或正在进行的动作） 结构：doing+名词（前置定语）/名词+doing（后置定语，相当于定语从句) 例句： 。The running boy is my brother.(前置定语，unning修饰boy,表主动“正在跑的”") ·I know the girl singing in the park.（后置定语，singing修饰girl,相当于who is singing,表主动 “正在唱歌的”) 2.作状语（表示时间、原因、伴随、结果等，逻辑主语与句子主语一致，表主动关系） 时间状语（相当于when引导的时间从句）： 例句：Walking in the street,I met an old friend.(=When I was walking in the street,..表“当走路时”， 主动关系) 伴随状语（表示与主句动作同时发生的动作）： 例句：She sat on the chair,reading a book.(reading与sat同时发生，表“坐着看书”，主动关系) 3.作宾语补足语（补充说明宾语的动作，与宾语是主动关系，常用在see,hear,watch等动词后） 结构：主语+感官动词/使役动词+宾语+doing 例句： 。I heard her singing in the next room.(singing与宾语her是主动关系，表“听到她正在唱歌”) 。We saw the children playing football in the park.(playing与children是主动关系，表“看到孩子们 正在踢足球”) 2.过去分词(done)的用法（被动/完成） 1.作定语（修饰名词，表示被动或已完成的动作） 结构：done+名词（前置定语）/名词+done(后置定语，相当于定语从句) 例句： ·The broken window was repaired yesterday..(前置定语，broken修饰window,表被动“被打破的”) 。I like the story written by Lu Xun.(后置定语，written修饰story,相当于which was written,表被 动“被写的”) 2.作状语（表示时间、原因、条件等，逻辑主语与句子主语一致，表被动关系） 原因状语（相当于because引导的原因从句）： 例句：Frightened by the noise,.she cried.(=Because she was frightened by the noise,.表“因被噪音 吓到”，被动关系) 条件状语（相当于f引导的条件从句）： 例句：Given more time,I can finish the work better.(=If I am given more time,..表“如果被给予更多 时间”，被动关系) 2 高中冀教版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 3.作宾语补足语（补充说明宾语的动作，与宾语是被动关系，常用在see,have,make等动词后） 结构：主语+动词+宾语+done 例句： ·I saw the letter posted just now.(posted与宾语letter是被动关系，表“看到信被邮寄”) ·We had our house painted last month.(painted与宾语house是被动关系，表“让房子被粉刷") 3.doing与done的区别（核心：主动与被动） 1.语态区别：doing表主动，done表被动 例句： ●The girl talking to Tom is my sister.(talking与girl是主动关系，“女孩和汤姆说话”) ·The girl talked to by Tom is my sister.(talked to与girl是被动关系，“被汤姆说话的女孩") 2.时间区别：doing表进行，done表完成 例句： 。The falling leaves are beautiful.(falling表“正在下落的叶子”，进行) 。The fallen leaves cover the ground..(fallen表“已经落下的叶子”，完成) 知识点三：非谓语动词 1.todo(不定式) 1.基础搭配拓展（中考必背)： 。forget to do(忘记要做)→例句：Don't forget to turn off the lights when you leave. 。remember to do(记得要做)一→例句：Remember to buy some milk on your way home.. ·agree to do（同意做)→例句：He agrees to help me with my math problem. 。refuse to do(拒绝做)→例句：She refuses to lend him her dictionary 。choose to do(选择做)→例句：They choose to stay at home instead of going out. 。offer to do(主动提出做)→例句：He offers to carry the heavy box for me. ·promise to do(承诺做)→例句：My brother promises to take me to the zoo next Sunday. ·prepare to do(准备做)→例句：We are preparing to have a picnic this weekend. 。seem to do(似乎做)→例句：She seems to know the answer to the question.. 。fail to do(未能做)一→例句：He fails to pass the English exam. 2.特殊结构搭配（中考易错)： 。had better (not)do(最好（不）做)→例句：You had better not play computer games too late 。why not do(为什么不做)→例句：Why not go for a walk after dinner? 3 高中冀教版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 。would like to do(想要做)→例句：I would like to drink a cup of tea. 2.doing（动名词/现在分词) 1.基础搭配拓展（中考必背）： 。miss doing(错过做)→例句：I missed taking the early bus this morning. ·dislike doing(不喜欢做)→例句：She dislikes eating spicy food. 。consider doing(考虑做)→例句：They are considering moving to a new house, ·suggest doing(建议做)→例句：He suggests going to the cinema tonight. 。admit doing(承认做)→例句：The boy admits breaking the window 。allow doing(允许做)→例句：The school allows students playing basketball after class. 。forbid doing(禁止做)→例句：Smoking is forbidden in public places. ·imagine doing(想象做)一例句：Can you imagine living on the moon? 。risk doing(冒险做)→例句：He risks losing his job by saying that ·keep on doing(继续做)→例句：He keeps on working although he is very tired, 2.固定短语搭配（中考常考）： 。be busy doing(忙于做)→例句：My mother is busy cooking dinner 。feel like doing(想要做)→例句：I feel like eating ice cream now. ·give up doing(放弃做)→例句：She gives up learning the piano because it's too hard, 3.done(过去分词) 1.基础搭配拓展（中考必背)： 。get done(被…)一→例句：My bike got repaired yesterday. 。have sth.done(让某事被做)→例句：I have my hair cut every month, 。see sth.done(看见某事被做)→例句：We saw the old building pulled down. 。hear sth.done(听见某事被做)→例句：She heard her name called. ●make sth.done(使某事被做)→例句：Ie made his voice heard. 2.固定短语搭配（中考常考)： ·be interested in(对…感兴趣)→例句：I am interested in reading books. 。be excited about(对…感到兴奋)→例句：They are excited about the coming holiday. 。be surprised at（对…感到惊讶)→例句：She is surprised at the news.. 。be bored with(对…感到厌烦)→例句：He is bored with the same job. 。be pleased with(对·感到满意)一例句：My parents are pleased with my progress. 4 高中冀教版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 解题小妙招 非谓语解题妙招 分词作状看主语，主动现分被动过： 先后关系要注意，完成需用having done; 独立主格有逻辑，主与主句不相同： 不定式表目的将来，动名词作宾表概念： 牢记功能和关系，结合语境细判断。 考法精析 考法一：分词作状语用法辨析 核心：根据逻辑主语与主句主语的关系及动作状态，判断使用现在分词还是过去分词作状语 真题1（语法填空)： _(see)from the top of the mountain,the city looks even more beautiful. 答案：Seen 解析：句中逻辑主语为“the city'”,与“see”是被动关系，需用过去分词作状语，表条件。 真题2（单项选择)： English for 8 years,he can speak it fluently. A.Learning B.Learned C.Having learned D.To learn 答案：C 解析：“leam”动作先于主句动作“spek”完成，且逻辑主语“he”与“learn”是主动关系，用现 在分词完成式强调动作先后。 考法二：分词作状语与独立主格结构辨析 核心：根据分词逻辑主语是否与主句主语一致，判断使用分词作状语还是独立主格结构 真题1（语法填空）： _(see)from the top of the mountain,the city looks more beautiful. 答案：Seen 解析：分词逻辑主语与主句主语the city一致，且city与see是被动关系，用过去分词作状语。 真题2（单项选择)： the rain stopping,we decided to go out for a walk A It B With C As D The 答案：D 高中冀教版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 解析：分词stopping有自己的逻辑主语the rain,与主句主语we不同，构成独立主格结构，需用逻 辑主语the rain加现在分词形式。 考法三：分词作定语和状语的综合辨析 核心：结合语境判断分词与被修饰词的主被动关系及动作时间，区分现在分词（主动/进行)和过 去分词（被动/完成）在定语、状语中的用法差异 真题1（单项选择）： _the news,she couldn't help crying. A.Hear B.Hearing C.Heard D.To hear 答案：B 解析：句子主语”she”与hear”是主动关系，”听到消息”与”哭”同时发生，用现在分词作原因状 语表主动进行，hear的现在分词为hearing。 真题2（语法填空）： I like the song(sing)by that singer.It sounds beautiful. 答案：sung 解析：”song”与”sig”是被动关系，”被歌手演唱的歌”表完成的被动动作，用过去分词作后置定 语，sing的过去分词为sung。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题) 1.the news,she couldn't help crying A.Hearing B.Heard C.To hear D.Hear 2.The teacher found a student_in class and asked him to stand up. A.sleep B.sleeping C.slept D.to sleep 3.by his words,many students decided to study harder. A.Encouraging B.Encouraged C.To encourage D.Encourage 4.I have a lot of books_this weekend. A.reading B.read C.to read D.having read 5.He stoppedwhen the bell rang and beganthe blackboard. A.talking;cleaning B.to talk;cleaning C.talking;to clean D.to talk;to clean 6.the project on time,they worked day and night. A.Finishing B.Finished C.To finish D.Having finished 7.The problem_at the meeting yesterday needs further discussion A.being raised B.raised C.raising D.to raise 6 高中冀教版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 8.his keys,he had to wait outside the door. A.Losing B.Lost C.To lose D.Having lost 9.the heavy rain,the sports meeting was put off A.Because B.With C.As D.For 10.Remember the lights before leaving the room. A.turning off B.to turn off C.turned off D.turn off 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.The girl(dance)on the stage is my best friend. 2.I heard him(sing)a song when I passed his room. 3.(not know)her phone number,I couldn't contact her. 4.The meeting-(hold)tomorrow is very important. 5.She sat there_(read)a novel for two hours. 6.(see)from the sky,the city looks like a big garden. 7.The workers had the machine(repair)yesterday. 8.(finish)his homework,he went to bed. 9.The little boy was found(cry)in the corner. 10.(give)more time,we will do the job better. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） Last Sunday,I went to the park with my friends.On the way,we saw an old man(sell)fresh fruits by the roadside.He looked tired,so we decided(help)him.Some of us carried the baskets,while others shouted,"Fresh apples_(pick)this morning!"Many people stopped_(buy)his fruits.After an hour, all the fruits were sold out.The old man thanked us_(smile)and gave each of us an apple. On our way back,we noticed a dog_(lie)under a tree.It looked hungry and weak.We bought some bread and fed it.The dog followed us(wag)its tail happily.When we got home,my mother allowed me (keep)it for a few days until we found its owner. This experience taught me that helping others can bring joy.I will never forget the(warm)in the old man's eyes and the dog's(friend)bark. 答案区 演练-：1.A2B3.B4.C5.C6.C7.B8D9B10.B 1.dancing 2.singing 3.Not knowing 4.to be held 5reading 6.Seen 7.repaired 8.Having finished 7 高中冀教版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 9.crying 10.Given 1.selling 2.to help 3.picked 4.to buy 5.smiling 6.lying 7.wagging 8.to keep 9.warmth 10.friendly P