非谓语动词 动名词 doing 系统讲解-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（沪外版）

高中沪外版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 语法精讲 【专题】动名词doing系统讲解 非谓语动词核心模块 考频分析 沪外版高中英语中，动名词dong是重点语法模块，考频占非谓语动词总量的30%左右，贯穿试卷 所有核心题型：单项选择2-3题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空2-4题、书面表达核心考察，直接影 响句子结构规范性与表达丰富性。在语境理解类题目中，动名词作主语、宾语及介词后接动名词的 用法往往是解题关键。 考查内容 ·基本功能与句法成分：作主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语的用法及结构特征 ·固定搭配与习惯用法：接doing作宾语的动词（如enjoy,.avoid,practice等）和短语（如be used to,. look forward to等)辨析 。特殊结构与语境应用：here be句型中作主语(there is no doing)、独立主格结构中的逻辑主语搭配、 与不定式todo作宾语的语义差异（如forget doing/todo) 知识点一：动名词doing的构成及语法功能 1.构成规则（由动词原形加-ing构成） 1.一般动词直接加-ing:work→working,study→studying 2.以不发音的e结尾去e加-ing:write→writing,dance→dancing 3.重读闭音节双写尾字母加-ing:un→unning,swim→swimming 4.特殊变化：lie→lying,die→dying 5.例句： ●She enjoys reading novels..(read→reading) He practices speaking English every day.(speak-speaking) 2.作主语（表示抽象动作或概念） 1 高中沪外版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 1.功能说明：置于句首，谓语动词用单数 2.例句： ·Swimming is good for health.(游泳有益健康) ●Learning English takes time.(学英语需要时间) 3.形式主语结构：Itis+adj.+doing sth.→It is interesting playing computer games.. 3.作宾语（跟在及物动词或介词后） 1.及物动词后接动名词：enjoy(喜欢)、finish(完成)、mind(介意)、practice(练习) 2.例句： ·They finished doing homework at&p.m.(完成做家庭作业) ·She minds smoking here.(介意在这里吸烟) 3.介词后接动名词：be good at(擅长)、look forward to(期待)、give up(放弃) 4.例句： ●He is good at playing basketball..(擅长打篮球) ·I look forward to seeing you..(期待见到你) 4.作表语（说明主语的性质或内容） 1.功能说明：置于系动词后，与主语表示同一概念 2.例句： ·Her hobby is painting..（她的爱好是画画) 。The most important thing is studying hard.(最重要的是努力学习) 5.作定语（修饰名词，表示用途或性质） 1.功能说明：置于名词前，表“的” 2.例句： ·a swimming pool(游泳池，表用途) ·a sleeping baby(正在睡觉的婴儿，表动作) 知识点二：动名词doing的功能及用法 1.作主语（表示抽象、习惯性动作） 2 高中沪外版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 1.基本结构：动名词短语直接置于句首作主语，谓语动词用单数 2.例句： ·Reading English novels is helpful for learning vocabulary..(阅读英文小说对学词汇有帮助) 。Swimming in the river is dangerous.(在河里游泳很危险) 3.形式主语结构：It+be+形容词/名词+doing(当动名词短语较长时，用it作形式主语) 4.例句： ·It is interesting playing computer games.(玩电脑游戏很有趣) ·It is a good habit getting up early..(早起是个好习惯) 2.作宾语（跟在及物动词或介词后） 1.跟在及物动词后（常见动词：enjoy,finish,practice,mind,keep,suggest,avoid等） 。结构：动词+doing ·例句： 1.She enjoys listening to music..（她喜欢听音乐) 2.He finished doing his homework at9p.m.(他晚上9点完成了作业) 2.跟在介词后（常见介词：in,on,at,with,without,.for,about,by等） 。结构：介词+doing ·例句： l.I am interested in collecting stamps.(我对集邮感兴趣) 2.He left without saying goodbye.(他没说再见就离开了) 3.作表语（说明主语的性质或内容，主语多为抽象名词） 1.结构：主语（多为名词)+be+doing 2.例句： ·Her hobby is painting..(她的爱好是画画) 。The main problem is finding a good job.(主要问题是找到一份好工作) 4.作定语（修饰名词，表用途或性质，置于名词前） 1.结构：doing+名词（动名词与被修饰词无逻辑主谓关系，表“的”） 2.例句： ·a reading room(阅览室，用于阅读的房间) ·a swimming pool(游泳池，用于游泳的池子) 3 高中沪外版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 5.动名词的复合结构（带有逻辑主语） 1.结构：形容词性物主代词/名词所有格+doig(作主语或宾语，强调逻辑主语) 2.例句： ·His coming late made the teacher angry.(他迟到使老师生气了) 。Idon't mind your opening the window.(我不介意你打开窗户) 3.口语简化：人称代词宾格/名词+doig(作宾语时，可简化逻辑主语) 4.例句： 。I heard him singing in the room.(我听见他在房间里唱歌) ·We are looking forward to Tom coming.(我们期待汤姆的到来) 6.常见固定搭配（后接动名词的动词/短语） l.动词类：enjoy(喜欢)、finish(完成)practice(练习)、mind(介意)、avoid(避免)、suggest(建 议)keep(保持)、miss(错过) 2.例句：He practices speaking English every day.(他每天练习说英语) 3.短语类：give up(放弃)、look forward to(期待)、beused to(习惯于)、pay attention to(注意)、feel like(想要) 4.例句：I am looking forward to seeing you.(我期待见到你) 知识点三：非谓语动词 1.todo(不定式) 1.基础搭配拓展（中考必背)： 。offer to do(主动提出做)→例句：He offers to carry the heavy box for me, ·promise to do(承诺做)一例句：She promises to return the book on time. 。forget to do(忘记去做)→例句：Don't forget to lock the door when you leave. 。remember to do（记得去做)→例句：Remember to buy some milk on your way home. ·agree to do(同意做)→例句：They agree to help us with the project. ·choose to do（选择做)→例句：I choose to study math instead of history, ·expect to do(期待做)→例句：We expect to get good grades in the exam. ·prepare to do(准备做)→例句：She is preparing to take the driving test. 。seem to do(似乎做)→例句：He seems to know the answer to the question. 。afford to do(负担得起做)→例句：My family can't afford to buy a new car now 高中沪外版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 2.特殊结构搭配（中考易错）： 。would like to do(想要做)→例句：I would like to have a cup of tea. 。It takes sb.some time to do(做某事花费某人多少时间)→例句：It takes me an hour to finish my homework 。be ready to do(准备好做)→例句：We are ready to start the meeting. 2.doing（动名词/现在分词) 1.基础搭配拓展（中考必背）： ·miss doing(错过做)一例句：I missed seeing the film last night, 。consider doing(考虑做)→例句：He is considering changing his job. ·suggest doing(建议做)→例句：The doctor suggests drinking more water every day 。delay doing(推迟做)→例句：They delayed holding the party because of the rain. 。imagine doing(想象做)→例句：Can you imagine living on the moon? 。risk doing(冒险做)→例句：He risked losing his job to tell the truth. ·keep on doing(继续做)一例句：She kept on working though she was tired, 。feel like doing(想要做)→例句：I feel like eating ice cream on a hot day: ·prevent sb.from doing(阻止某人做)→例句：The rain prevented us from going out ·thanks for doing(因做某事而感谢)→例句：Thanks for helping me with my English 2.固定短语搭配（中考常考）： ·can't help doing（忍不住做)一→例句：She can't help laughing when she hears the joke. ●be busy doing(忙于做)→例句：My mother is busy cooking dinner.. 。succeed in doing(成功做)→例句：He succeeded in passing the exam 3.done(过去分词) 1.基础搭配拓展（中考必背）： ·get sth.done(使某事被做)→例句：I need to get my hair cut. 。have sth.done(让某事被做)→例句：My father had his car repaired yesterday. 。see sth.done(看见某事被做)→例句：We saw the old house pulled down 。hear sth.done(听见某事被做)→例句：She heard her name called, ●nake sth.done(使某事被做)→例句：He made his voice heard. 2.固定短语搭配（中考常考）： 。be interested in doing(对.感兴趣)→例句：I am interested in reading stories. 5 高中沪外版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 。be excited about doing(对做某事感到兴奋)→例句：They are excited about going to the zoo. ●be surprised at doing(对做某事感到惊讶)→例句：She was surprised at seeing him there. 考法精析 考法一：动名词作宾语的动词搭配辨析 核心：区分只接动名词、只接不定式以及接动名词和不定式意义不同的动词，根据语境选择正确形 式 真题1（语法填空)： She suggested_(go)to the movies this weekend. 答案：going 解析：suggest为只接动名词的动词，其后需接动名词作宾语，go的动名词形式为going。 真题2（完形填空）： He decided(study)abroad after finishing high school. A.study B.studying C.to study D.studied 答案：C 解析：decide为只接不定式的动词，常用结构为decide to do sth.,意为“决定做某事”，故此处选to study. 考法二：动名词与现在分词辨析 核心：根据在句中充当的语法功能（如主语、宾语、定语等）及逻辑关系，区分动名词（名词性质） 和现在分词（形容词/副词性质） 真题1（语法填空)： _(swim)is a good way to keep fit. 答案：Swimming 解析：在句中作主语，具有名词性质，故用动名词Swimming 真题2（完形填空)： Look at the(sleep)baby.How lovely she is! A.sleep B.sleeps C.sleeping D.slept 答案：C 解析：此处修饰名词baby,表“正在睡觉的”，强调动作，具有形容词性质，故用现在分词sleeping。 考法三：动名词的综合应用（结构、功能及固定搭配） 核心：掌握动名词的构成规则，判断其在句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语的语法功能，熟记后接动 名词的动词及固定搭配。 真题1（单项选择)： She enjoys-to music after school. 6 高中沪外版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 A.listen B.listens C.listening D.listened 答案：C 解析：enjoy后接动名词作宾语，listen的动名词形式为listening,构成固定搭配enjoy doing sth.(喜 欢做某事)。 真题2（语法填空)： My brother is good at_(swim).He swims very fast. 答案：swimming 解析：be good at后接动名词作宾语，swim是重读闭音节动词，需双写尾字母加-ing,故填swimming。 解题小妙招 动名词宾语搭配妙招 只接动名词要牢记，suggest enjoy不可疑； 只接不定式莫忘记，decide hope常相依： 意义不同需辨析，语境判断是真谛，todo/doing各有义，结合句意细分析。 动名词分词辨析妙招 动名词，名性质，作主宾表定不含糊： 现在分词，形副性，表主动进行作定状： 作主语宾表用动名，作定语状表用分词： 修饰名词看关系，主动进行用分词，名词功能用动名。 动名词复合结构妙招 动名作主宾，复合结构要分明： 逻辑主语是关键，物主代词/名词所有格先行： 句首主语需规范，形物代/名所有格不能省： 口语中可用宾格，正式场合按规则行。 动名词时态语态妙招 动名时态看先后，一般式表同时或稍后： 完成式表先发生，having done记心头； 主动语态主谓关，被动being done/having been done: 时间标志是线索，语境分析不可漏： appreciate后接动名，完成式表动作已完成。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题) 7 高中沪外版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 1.She enjoys_to music while doing homework. A.listen B.listening C.to listen D.listened 2.Remember_the door when you leave the classroom. A.lock B.locking C.to lock D.locked 3.-English every day is important for improving your language skills A.Practice B.Practicing C.Practiced D.To practice 4.He apologized for late to the meeting A.arrive B.arriving C.to arrive D.arrived 5.My parents don't mindwith us during the holiday. A.stay B.staying C.to stay D.stayed 6.The teacher suggesteda study group to prepare for the exam. A.form B.forming C.to form D.formed 7.in the sun is bad for your eyes. A.Read B.Reading C.To read D.Readed 8.I regret_you that the flight has been canceled. A.tell B.telling C.to tell D.told 9.She is used to_early in the morning. A.get up B.getting up C.to get up D.got up 10.The problem-at the meeting yesterday is very serious. A.discussing B.discussed C.to discuss D.discuss 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.I look forward to(see)you next week. 2.He decided_(study)hard to pass the exam. 3._(swim)is a good form of exercise. 4.She avoids_(eat)too much sugar. 5.The girl_(dance)on the stage is my sister. 6.I remember_(meet)him at the party last year. 7.He apologized for(not tell)me the truth. 8.-(learn)a foreign language takes a lot of time and effort. 9.The teacher encouraged us_(speak)English in class. 10.My hobby is_(collect)stamps. 演练三：语法填空试题 8 高中沪外版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 (travel)is a great way to broaden your horizons.Last summer,I decided(go)on a trip to Europe.I started-(plan)the trip several months in advance.I spent a lot oftime-(research)different countries and cultures.During the trip,I enjoyed-(visit)famous landmarks such as the Eiffel Tower and the Colosseum. I also liked-(try)local foods in each country.One of the most memorable experiences was_(watch)the sunset over the Mediterranean Sea.I leamned a lot from-(interact)with people from different backgrounds. When I returned home,I felt(refresh)and inspired.This trip made me realize the importance of_ (explore)the world around us. 答案区 演练-：1B2.C3B4.B5.B6B7.B8.C9B10.B 1.seeing 2.to study 3.Swimming 4.eating 5.dancing 6.meeting 7.not telling 8.Learning 9.to speak 10.collecting 1.Traveling 2.to go 3.planning 4.researching 5.visiting 6.trying 7.watching 8.interacting 9.re- freshed 10.exploring 9