非谓语动词 不定式 to do 系统讲解-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（沪外版）

高中沪外版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词知识点全解 语法专版 【专题】非谓语动词：不定式todo系统讲 解 高中语法专项突破 考频分析 沪外版高中英语中，非谓语动词是重点语法模块，其中不定式tod0考频占非谓语动词总量的40% 左右，贯穿试卷所有核心题型：单项选择34题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空2-3题、书面表达核 心考察，直接影响句子结构的复杂性与表达的准确性。在语境理解类题目中，不定式todo作主语、 宾语、状语及固定搭配往往是解题关键。 考查内容 。基本结构与句法功能：不定式的肯定式(todo)、否定式(not to do),作主语、宾语、表语、定语、 状语、宾语补足语的用法 ·固定搭配与句型：接不定式作宾语的动词(want,decide,hope等)，接不定式作宾补的动词(ask,tell, encourage等)，以及It's+ad.+to do sth.等固定句型 ·特殊用法与区别：不带o的不定式情况（使役动词、感官动词后作宾补等），不定式与动名词作宾 语的区别，不定式的省略与替代(to代替不定式符号) 知识点一：不定式todo的基本结构及语法功能 1.基本结构(to+动词原形) 1.肯定式：to+动词原形（如to study,toun) 例句：She plans to study abroad next year 2.否定式：not to+动词原形（如not to forget,.not to smoke) 例句：le told me not to touch the machine. 2.作主语（表示具体动作或抽象概念） 1.直接作主语：To learn English well is important..(学好英语很重要) 高中沪外版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词知识点全解 2.用it作形式主语（避免头重脚轻）：It is important to learn English well..(it指代不定式短语作真正主 语) 3.作宾语（跟在及物动词后，表动作内容） 1.常见接不定式的动词：want(想要)、hope(希望)、decide(决定)、plan(计划) 例句：I want to buy a new phone./She decided to accept the job 4.作表语（说明主语的内容或性质) 1.主语多为抽象名词（如aim,dream,job)或be动词 Her dream is to become a scientist./The first step is to finish the task 5.作定语（修饰名词，表动作或目的） 1.置于名词后，逻辑上与名词构成动宾关系 例句：I have a lot of homework to do.(todo修饰homework,表”要做的作业”) 2.表目的：She needs a pen to write with.(to write with修饰pen,表”用来写字的笔') 6.作状语（表目的、结果、原因） l.目的状语（常与in order,,soas连用）：He got up early(in order)to catch the first bus..（为了赶上早班 车) 2.结果状语（常与only连用，表意外结果）：He hurried to the station only to find the train had left.(结 果发现火车已开走) 3.原因状语（多接在表示情感的形容词后）：I am glad to see you.(见到你我很高兴) 7.作宾语补足语（补充说明宾语的动作） 1.常见接不定式作宾补的动词：ask(要求)、tell(告诉)、want(想要)、teach(教) My mother asked me to clean my room./The teacher taught us to solve the problem. 2.被动语态中变为主语补足语：I was asked to clean my room.（我被要求打扫房间) 知识点二：不定式的句法功能及用法 1.作主语（表示具体动作或抽象概念，常用t作形式主语） 1.直接作主语（位于句首，谓语动词用单数） 结构：To+动词原形+其他成分+谓语（单数） 例句： 2 高中沪外版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词知识点全解 1.To learn English well is important.(学好英语很重要) 2.To help others makes me happy..(帮助别人让我开心) 2.t作形式主语（避免头重脚轻，真正主语后置）》 结构：It+be动词/实义动词（如take,cost)+形容词/名词短语+to+动词原形+其他成分 例句： 1.It is necessary to finish homework on time..(按时完成作业是必要的) 2.It takes me30 minutes to walk to school.（步行去学校花费我30分钟) 2.作宾语（跟在及物动词后，表动作内容） 1.常见接不定式作宾语的动词：want(想要)、hope(希望)、decide(决定)、plan(计划)、try(尝 试)、agree(同意)、learn(学习) 结构：主语+上述动词+0+动词原形+其他成分 例句： 1.She wants to buy a new pen.（她想买一支新钢笔) 2.They decided to visit the museum tomorrow.(他们决定明天去参观博物馆) 2.”疑问词+不定式”结构作宾语(what,how,where等+todo,表”如何做/做什么”) 例句： l.He doesn't know how to solve the problem.(他不知道如何解决这个问题) 2.Please tell me where to find the library.(请告诉我在哪里能找到图书馆) 3.作宾语补足语（补充说明宾语的动作或状态） 1.常见接不定式作宾补的动词：ask(要求、tell(告诉)、want(想要)、teach(教)、allow(允许)、 help(帮助，to可省) 结构：主语+上述动词+宾语+to+动词原形(hlp后to可省)+其他成分 例句： 1.My mother asks me to clean my room every day.(妈妈要求我每天打扫房间) 2.The teacher taught us to speak English loudly..(老师教我们大声说英语) 3.He often helps me(to)carry heavy bags.(他经常帮我提重袋子) 2.使役动词let/make/have(让/使)和感官动词see/hear/watch(看见/听见/观看)后接不带to的不定 式作宾补 例句： 3 高中沪外版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词知识点全解 1.The boss made the workers work 10 hours a day.(老板让工人们每天工作l0小时) 2.I saw her run across the street just now.(我刚才看见她跑过了街道) 4.作定语（修饰名词，表”要做的事/将要发生的动作”，位于名词后) 1.修饰名词时，表”未发生的动作”，与被修饰词构成”动宾关系”（不定式中的动词需为及物动词，不 及物动词需加介词) 结构：名词+o+动词原形(+介词，若动词不及物)+其他成分 例句： 1.I have a lot of homework to do.(我有很多作业要做，do与homework是动宾关系) 2.There is a room to live in.(有一个房间可以住，live是不及物动词，需加介词in) 2.修饰抽象名词（如chance,time,way,ability等），表”做某事的机会/时间/方式” 例句： 1.He has a chance to study abroad.(他有一个出国留学的机会) 2.This is the best way to solve the problem.(这是解决这个间题的最佳方式) 5.作状语（表目的、结果或原因） 1.表目的(”为了”，可位于句首或句中，句首时加逗号) 结构：T0+动词原形+其他成分(，)+主句/主句+o+动词原形+其他成分 例句： 1.To catch the early bus,she got up at6a.m.(为了赶上早班车，她早上6点起床) 2.He studies hard to get good grades.(他努力学习是为了取得好成绩) 2.表结果(”结果是”，常用only to do结构，表”意外的结果”) 例句： l.They hurried to the station,only to find the train had left.(他们匆忙赶到车站，结果却发现火车已 经开走了) 2.He worked day and night,,finally to finish the project on time.(他日夜工作，最终按时完成了项目) 3.表原因（常位于形容词后，如happy,.glad,soy,sad等，说明产生该情绪的原因） 例句： 1.I am glad to meet you.(很高兴见到你，to meet you是glad的原因) 2.She was sad to hear the bad news..(听到这个坏消息她很难过) 高中沪外版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词知识点全解 6.作表语（位于be动词后，说明主语的内容或性质，表”具体动作/计划/目 的”) 1.结构：主语+be动词+to+动词原形+其他成分 例句： l.His dream is to become a doctor..(他的梦想是成为一名医生) 2.The first step is to learn the basic grammar.(第一步是学习基础语法) 知识点三：非谓语动词 1.todo(不定式) 1.基础搭配拓展（中考必背）： ·forget to do(忘记去做)一→例句：Don't forget to close the door when you leave. ●remember to do(记得去做)→例句：Remember to buy some milk on your way home. 。start to do(开始做)→例句：He starts to learn French next month ·stop to do(停下来去做)一例句：They stop to have a rest after running for an hour ·agree to do(同意做)一例句：She agrees to help me with my project. 。offer to do(主动提出做)→例句：He offers to carry the heavy box for me, 。choose to do(选择做)→例句：I choose to stay at home instead of going out. ·promise to do(承诺做)一例句：He promises to come to the party on time, ·prepare to do(准备做)→例句：We prepare to have a picnic this weekend. 。fail to do(未能做)→例句：She fails to pass the math exam. 2.特殊结构搭配（中考易错)： ·ask sb.not to do（要求某人不要做)→例句：The teacher asks us not to talk in class. 。tellsb.not to do(告诉某人不要做)→例句：My parents tell me not to play computer games too late. 。would like to do(想要做)→例句：I would like to drink a cup of tea 。used to do(过去常常做)→例句：He used to live in the countryside, 2.doing(动名词/现在分词) 1.基础搭配拓展（中考必背）： 。feel like doing(想要做)→例句：I feel like eating ice cream on a hot day 。give up doing(放弃做)一例句：She gives up learning the piano because it's too hard. 高中沪外版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词知识点全解 ·be busy doing(忙于做)→例句：My mother is busy cooking dinner in the kitchen.. ●consider doing(考虑做)一例句：He is considering moving to a new city ·suggest doing(建议做)一例句：The doctor suggests drinking more water every day. ◆miss doing(错过做)→例句：I miss seeing the beginning of the movie. ·prevent doing(阻止做)→例句：We should prevent people from cutting down trees. ·delay doing(推迟做)→例句：They delay having the meeting until next week ●risk doing(冒险做)→例句：He risks losing his job by arguing with his boss. 。imagine doing(想象做)→例句：Can you imagine living on the moon? 2.固定短语搭配（中考常考)： 。be worth doing(值得做)→例句：This book is worth reading. 。have fun doing(做某事很有趣)→例句：We have fun playing games at the party 。what about doing(做…怎么样)→例句：What about going shopping this afternoon? ·how about doing(做怎么样)→例句：How about having dinner together tonight? 3.done(过去分词) 1.基础用法拓展（中考必背）： ●be interested in done(对被…感兴趣)→例句：She is interested in invited to the party.(注：此 处应为She is interested in being invited to the party.原句有误，修正后符合语法) 。get done(被…)→例句：My bike got repaired yesterday.. 。have sth.done(让某事被做)→例句：I have my hair cut every month. 。see sth.done(看见某事被做)一例句：I saw the window broken by the boy. ●hear sth.done(听见某事被做)→例句：She heard her name called by the teacher. 2.特殊结构搭配（中考易错)： ●used to be done(过去常常被…)→例句：This road used to be built by workers.(注：此处应为 This road used to be built by workers.但更准确的例句为This kind of bike used to be made in China.) 。be supposed to be done(应该被…)→例句：The homework is supposed to be finished by Friday. ·need doing(需要a被做)→例句：My room needs cleaning.(=My room needs to be cleaned.) 考法精析 考法一：不定式作状语的用法辨析 核心：根据上下文语境，判断不定式在句中作目的、结果还是原因状语，并选择正确形式或完成语 法填空 6 高中沪外版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词知识点全解 真题1（语法填空)： He hurried to the airport only _(find)that the flight had been cancelled. 答案：to find 解析：句意为”他匆忙赶到机场，结果却发现航班已取消”。only to do结构表示意外结果，作结果 状语，故填to find。 真题2（单项选择）： She stayed up late last night-finish the report on time A.in order to B.so as not to C.only to D.enough to 答案：A 解析：句意为”她昨晚熬夜是为了按时完成报告”。表示目的状语可用in order to,so as not to表”为 了不，only to表结果，enough to表”足够…去做”，根据语境选A。 考法二：不定式符号o的省略与还原 核心：根据动词类型（使役动词、感官动词）、语态（主动/被动）及固定搭配，判断不定式符号0 的省略或还原规则 真题1（语法填空）： The workers were made_(work)extra hours to finish the project on time. 答案：to work 解析：make作为使役动词，主动语态中后接不带to的不定式(make sb.do),但被动语态需还原to, 故填to work。 真题2（单项选择)： We noticed him-the classroom quietly when the teacher was writing on the blackboard. A.enter B.to enter C.entering D.entered 答案：A 解析：感官动词notice后接不带to的不定式(notice sb.do)表示动作全过程，此处”进入教室”为 完整动作，故选A。 考法三：不定式符号o的用法及易混结构辨析 核心：掌握不定式符号o的省略与保留规则，区分不定式与动名词作宾语的差异，避免悬垂结构错 误 真题1（单项选择）： My mother often tells me too much time playing games. A.not to spend B.don't spend C.not spend D.to not spend 答案：A 解析：tell sb.ot)to do sth.为固定结构，否定形式在to前加not,故选A。 真题2（语法填空）： He hurried to the bus stop only_(find)the last bus had left. 答案：to find 7 高中沪外版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词知识点全解 解析：此处用'only to do'”结构作结果状语，表示意外结果，故填to find。 解题小妙招 不定式用法妙招 不定式作状看目的，in order to常相遇：意外结果only to,原因状语表情绪： 使役感官主动省，被动还原to别忘记：let/make/have加do,hear/see/watch也如此： 宾补结构to不少，tel/ask/advise要记牢；forget/remember分两种，todo未做doing了； try to do表努力，try doing试一招；pretend后接不定式，进行完成看先后： avoid/enjoy接doing,固定搭配别混淆：综合考点看搭配，语境功能是法宝。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题 1.She decided_a part-time job to save money for college. A.take B.taking C.to take D.took 2.The teacher asked us_late for class again. A.not be B.not to be C.don't be D.not being 3.He ran to the bus stop only_the bus had left. A.finding B.found C.to find D.find 4.My parents always tell me-more exercise to stay healthy. A.do B.doing C.to do D.done 5.It's kindyou to help me with my homework A.for B.of C.with D.about 6.The work needs-by the end of this week. A.finish B.to finish C.to be finished D.finishing 7.I saw him-the classroom quietly when the bell rang A.enter B.to enter C.entering D.entered 8.She doesn't know _for the coming exam. A.how study B.how to study C.study how D.to study how 9.He pretended_asleep when his mother called him. A.be B.being C.to be D.to being 10.We had better_early to avoid traffic jams. A.leave B.to leave C.leaving D.left 8 高中沪外版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词知识点全解 演练二：填空试题 1.The doctor advised him-(quit)smoking as soon as possible. 2.She got up early_(catch)the first train to Shanghai. 3.I am glad_(hear)that you have passed the exam. 4.He was made_(apologize)for his rude behavior. 5.The children are eager_(visit)the amusement park. 6.Remember_(lock)the door before you leave the house. 7.They discussed_(when start)the project next month. 8.It's important for us_(learn)to cooperate with others. 9.The book is said(translate)into ten languages so far. 10.She taught me_(cook)traditional Chinese dishes. 演练三：语法填空（短文） To-(improve)your English speaking skills,you should practice-(speak)every day.Many students are afraid-(make)mistakes,but it's normal for learners.Teachers often tell us-(not fear)errors,as they help us learn.You can join a study group(practice)with others,or watch English movies-(imitate) native speakers.It's also useful _(record)yourself and listen back_(find)areas to improve.Remember, the key is-(keep)practicing consistently.Those who stick to it are sure_(see)progress soon. 答案区 演练-：1.C2.B3.C4.C5.B6.C7.A8B9.C10.A 1.to quit 2.to catch 3.to hear 4.to apologize 5.to visit 6.to lock 7.when to start 8.to learn 9.to have been translated 10.how to cook 1.improve 2.speaking 3.to make 4.not to fear 5.to practice 6.to imitate 7.to record 8.to find 9.to keep 10.to see 9