非谓语动词 不定式 to do 系统讲解-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（外研版）

高中外研版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 语法专版 【专题】不定式todo系统讲解 非谓语动词专项突破 考频分析 高中外研版中，不定式tod0是非谓语动词模块的重点语法点，考频占非谓语动词总量的30%左右， 贯穿试卷所有核心题型：单项选择(2-3题)、完形填空(2-3题)入、语法填空(2-4题)、书面表达（核 心考察，直接影响句子结构复杂性与表达多样性)。在语境理解类题目中，不定式的句法功能（如 作主语、宾语、状语等)及与动名词的辨析往往是解题关键。 考查内容 ·基本结构与句法功能：不定式的肯定式(todo)、否定式(not to do):作主语、宾语、表语、定语、 状语、宾语补足语的用法 ·固定搭配与句型：接不定式作宾语的动词(want,decide,.hope等)、接不定式作宾补的动词(ask,tell, alow等)：It作形式主语/形式宾语的句型(Itis+adj.+to do sth./find it+adj.+to do sth.) ·特殊用法与转换：不带to的不定式情况（情态动词后、使役动词let/make/have后、感官动词see/hear 等后作宾补时)：不定式与动名词作宾语的区别：疑问词+不定式结构(what to do,how to do it等) 知识点一：不定式todo系统讲解 1.基本构成及特征 1.构成形式：to+动词原形（否定形式：not to+动词原形） 2.语法特征：具有名词、形容词、副词的语法功能，但仍保留动词特征（可带宾语或状语） 3.例句： ·He wants to learn English.(带宾语English) 。She came here to study.(带状语here) 2.作主语（常用t作形式主语，不定式后置） 1.基本结构：To do sth.+谓语动词/It+be+形容词/名词+to do sth. 1 高中外研版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 2.例句： ●To finish the work in time is difficult.（不定式直接作主语) ·It is important to learn a foreign language.(it作形式主语，不定式后置) 3.作宾语（接在及物动词后） l.常见接不定式的动词：want(想要)、hope(希望)、decide(决定)、ty(努力)、plan(计划) 2.例句： ·She hopes to go abroad.(hope后接不定式作宾语) ●They decided to stay at home.(decide后接不定式作宾语) 4.作宾语补足语（接在宾语后补充说明宾语动作） 1.常见接不定式作宾补的动词：ask(要求)、tell(告诉)、want(想要)、teach(教)、allow（允许) 2.例句： ·My mother told me to clean the room.(me是宾语，to clean the room是宾补) 。The teacher allows us to use dictionaries..(us是宾语，to use dictionaries是宾补) 5.作表语（放在系动词后说明主语的性质、内容或目的） 1.基本结构：主语+be+to do sth. 2.例句： ·His dream is to be a scientist.(说明主语dream的内容) 。The purpose of this meeting is to solve the problem.(说明主语purpose的目的) 6.作定语（修饰名词，放在名词后） 1.功能：表示被修饰名词的用途、性质或未完成的动作 2.例句： 。I have a lot of work to do..(todo修饰work,表示“要做的工作”) ·She needs a pen to write with.(to write with修饰pen,表示“用来写字的笔”) 7.作状语（表示目的、结果、原因等） 1.目的状语：常译为“为了”，可放在句首或句末 ·例句：He got up early to catch the first bus.(早起的目的是赶公交车) 2.结果状语：常与only连用，表示“意外的结果” 高中外研版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 。例句：He hurried to the station only to find the train had left.(结果发现火车已经开走了) 3.原因状语：常放在表示情感的形容词后（如happy,glad,soy等） ·例句：I am glad to see you.(见到你很高兴，to see you表示原因) 知识点二：不定式todo的基本用法和功能 1.作主语（表示具体动作或一件事） 1.结构：T0+动词原形+其他成分+谓语动词（通常用单数） 2.例句： ·To learn English well is important..(学好英语很重要。) ·To help others makes him happy.(帮助别人让他开心。) 3.注意：常用it作形式主语，真正主语后置，结构为It+be+形容词+to do sth. 例句：It is necessary to finish homework on time.(按时完成作业是必要的。) 2.作宾语（跟在及物动词后，表示动作的内容） 1.常见接不定式作宾语的动词：want(想要)、hope(希望)、plan(计划)、decide(决定)、try(尝 试)、agree(同意)、learn(学习) 2.例句： 。She wants to go shopping this afternoon.(她今天下午想去购物。) ●They decided to visit their grandparents next weekend.(他们决定下周末去看望祖父母。) 3.作宾语补足语（补充说明宾语的动作或状态） 1.常见接不定式作宾补的动词：ask(要求)、tel(告诉)、want（想要)、teach(教)、allow（允许)、 help(帮助，to可省略) 2.结构：主语+谓语动词+宾语+to+动词原形(hlp后to可省) 3.例句： ·My mother asks me to clean my room.（妈妈让我打扫房间。) ·He often helps his sister(to)carry books.(他经常帮妹妹搬书。) 4.作表语（放在系动词后，说明主语的内容或性质) 1.常见系动词：be、seem、appear、become 2.例句： 3 高中外研版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 。Her dream is to be a doctor.(她的梦想是成为一名医生。) 。My job is to teach English.(我的工作是教英语。) 5.作定语（修饰名词，放在名词后，表将来或未完成的动作） 1.例句： ·I have a lot of homework to do.(我有很多作业要做。) ·She needs a pen to write with.(她需要一支笔来写字。) 6.作目的状语（表示动作的目的，“为了”) 1.位置：句首或句中，句首时常用逗号隔开 2.例句： ●To catch the early bus,he gets up at6a.m.(为了赶上早班车，他早上6点起床。) ·She studies hard to pass the exam.(她努力学习是为了通过考试。) 7.作状语（表结果，常与oy连用，表“意外结果”） 1.结构：only to+动词原形 2.例句： ●He hurried to the station,only to find the train had left..(他匆忙赶到车站，却发现火车已经开走了。) 知识点三：非谓语动词 1.todo(不定式) 1.基础搭配拓展（中考必背）： 。offer to do(主动提出做)一例句：He offers to help me with my English. 。refuse to do(拒绝做)→例句：She refuses to eat too much candy. 。promise to do(承诺做)→例句：I promise to return the book on time.. ·choose to do(选择做)→例句：They choose to take the bus to school. 。seem to do(似乎做)→例句：He seems to know the answer. 。begin to do(开始做)→例句：The children begin to read books. ·forget to do(忘记去做)一→例句：Don't forget to lock the door. ·remember to do(记得去做)一例句：Remember to buy some milk. ·try one's best to do(尽某人最大努力做)→例句：We try our best to learn English well. 高中外研版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 ·prepare to do(准备做)→例句：They prepare to have a picnic. 2.特殊结构搭配（中考易错)： 。have no time to do(没时间做)→例句：I have no time to watch TV today. 。It takes sb.some time to do(某人花费时间做)→例句：It takes me an hour to finish my homework. 。be willing to do(愿意做)→例句：She is willing to help others.. 2.doing（动名词/现在分词) 1.基础搭配拓展（中考必背）： 。miss doing(错过做)→例句：I miss seeing the movie last night.. 。dislike doing(不喜欢做)→例句：He dislikes cleaning his room. 。consider doing(考虑做)→例句：They consider moving to a new house ●imagine doing(想象做)→例句：Can you imagine living on the moon? ·keep on doing(继续做)→例句：He keeps on practicing playing the guitar. ·suggest sb.doing（建议某人做)→例句：y friend suggests me going to the party. ·allow doing（允许做)→例句：The school allows playing basketball after class.. ·forbid doing(禁止做)→例句：The sign forbids parking here. ·risk doing(冒险做)→例句：He risks climbing the high mountain. 。delay doing(推迟做)→例句：They delay having the meeting 2.固定短语搭配（中考常考)： ·be busy doing(忙于做)→例句：My mother is busy cooking dinner. ·can't help doing(忍不住做)一→例句：Ican't help laughing at the funny story. ·pay attention to doing(注意做)→例句：Please pay attention to listening to the teacher 3.d0(动词原形) 1.使役动词+do（中考核心)： 。help sb.do(帮助某人做)→例句：I help my mom do the housework. ·get sb.do(使某人做)→例句：The teacher gets us finish the task. 2.感官动词+d0(中考易错)： ·observe sb.do(观察到某人做某事全过程)→例句：We observe the birds fly in the sky. 。feel sb.do(感觉到某人做某事全过程)→例句：I feel the wind blow on my face.. 考法精析 考法一：不定式与动名词作宾语的辨析 高中外研版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 核心：根据动词或介词的搭配习惯，判断其后应接不定式(todo)还是动名词(doing) 真题1（语法填空）： She decided_(study)abroad next year. 答案：to study 解析：decide是接不定式作宾语的动词，构成固定搭配decide to do sth.,故填to study。 真题2（单项选择）： He enjoys basketball with his friends after school. A.play B.to play C.playing D.played 答案：C 解析：enjoy是接动名词作宾语的动词，构成固定搭配enjoy doing sth.,故选择playing。 考法二：todo与doing作宾语的动词搭配辨析 核心：根据动词后的固定搭配规则，区分接不定式(todo)和动名词(doing)作宾语的动词，选择正 确形式 真题1（语法填空）： She decided(study)abroad next year. 答案：to study 解析：decide是接不定式作宾语的动词，构成”decide to do sth.”结构，意为”决定做某事”，故填to study。 真题2（完形填空）： He enjoys(play)basketball with his friends after school. A.play B.plays C.playing D.to play 答案：C 解析：enjoy是接动名词作宾语的动词，构成'enjoy doing sth.”结构，意为”喜欢做某事”，play的动 名词形式为playing,故选C。 考法三：不定式作宾语及非谓语动词搭配辨析 核心：掌握接不定式作宾语的动词及搭配，区分非谓语动词不同形式的用法 真题1（单项选择）： She promised(visit)her grandparents next weekend. A visit B to visit C visiting D visited 答案：B 解析：promise是接不定式作宾语的动词，常用搭配为promise to do sth.,意为“承诺做某事”，所 以此处填to visit。. 6 高中外研版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 真题2（语法填空)： He managed(finish)the work on time yesterday. 答案：to finish 解析：manage后接不定式作宾语，构成manage to do sth.结构，意为“设法做到某事”，所以填to finish。 解题小妙招 非谓语动词宾语辨析妙招 动词宾语看搭配，固定习惯要记牢： decide接todo,”决定做某事'不定式标； enjoy后接doing,”喜欢做某事'动名词好： remember forget有区别，todo未做doing已了； 语境逻辑是关键，未做用to己做ing: 还有过去分词用，被动关系要知晓： see from mountain J顶，village被看done恰当。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题) 1.She promisedthe project on time. A.finish B.to finish C.finishing D.finished 2.He avoidsjunk food to keep healthy. A.eat B.to eat C.eating D.eaten 3.Remember the lights before leaving the classroom A.turn off B.to turn off C.turning off D.turned off 4.My parents don't mindme with my homework. A.help B.to help C.helping D.helped 5.The teacher encouraged us English every day. A.practice B.to practice C.practicing D.practiced 6.I regret_you that the meeting has been canceled. A.tell B.to tell C.telling D.told 7.They succeeded the problem after hours of discussion. A.solve B.to solve C.solving D.solved 8.She stopped_a rest because she felt tired. A.have B.to have C.having D.had 高中外研版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 9.We appreciateus so much during the trip. A.help B.to help C.helping D.helped 10.The book is easybecause it has many illustrations. A.read B.to read C.reading D.read 演练二：填空试题（共10题) 1.He decided(study)medicine at university. 2.She enjoys(listen)to classical music in her free time. 3.I forgot_(lock)the door,so I had to go back. 4.They plan(visit)the Great Wall next summer. 5.My brother practices_(play)the piano for two hours daily. 6.The doctor advised him_(quit)smoking immediately. 7.We look forward to(see)you at the party. 8.She refused(accept)the gift from the stranger. 9.He risked(lose)his job by speaking out against the policy. 10.It's important(protect)the environment for future generations. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空) Why We Should Keep Learning Learning is a lifelong journey that never stops.Many people think education ends when they leave school, but in reality,_(continue)learning is essential for personal growth and success. First,learning new skills helps us adapt to changes.For example,mastering digital tools can make us more competitive in the job market.We should try_(learn)at least one new skill each year,such as coding or a foreign language. Second,learning broadens our horizons.Reading books or traveling to new places allows us_(understand) different cultures and perspectives.It also makes life more interesting-imagine(discover)a hobby like painting or hiking! Third,learning improves our mental health.Studies show that(keep)the brain active can reduce the risk of memory loss.Even simple activities like_(solve)puzzles or_(write)a journal can make a difference. Finally,never be afraid_(make)mistakes.Every mistake is a chance_(improve).As the saying goes, "The more you learn,the more you realize how much you don't know."So start(explore)the world of knowledge today！ 8 高中外研版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 答案区 演练-：1B2.C3B4.C5.B6B7.C8B9.C10.B 1.to study 2.listening 3.to lock 4.to visit 5.playing 6.to quit 7.seeing 8.to accept 9.losing 10.to protect 1.continuing 2.to learn 3.to understand 4.discovering 5.keeping 6.solving 7.writing 8.to make 9.to improve 10.exploring