非谓语动词 不定式 to do 系统讲解-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（人教版）

高中人教版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 语法专版 非谓语动词 不定式todo系统讲解 考频分析 人教版高中语法全解中，非谓语动词是重点语法模块，考频占语法总量的15%左右，贯穿试卷所 有核心题型：单项选择3-4题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空2-3题、书面表达核心考察，直接影响 句子丰富度与表达准确性。在语境理解类题目中，不定式tod0的句法功能、时态语态及与其他非 谓语形式的辨析往往是解题关键。 考查内容 ·基本结构与句法功能：不定式的肯定式(todo)、否定式(not to do)、被动式(to be done)、完成式 (to have done):作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语的用法 ·固定搭配与句型：接不定式作宾语的动词(want,decide,.hope等)；接不定式作宾语补足语的动词 (ask,telL,alow等)：“疑问词+不定式”结构：It作形式主语/宾语的句型(Itis+adj.+to do sth.) ·语境辨析与转换：不定式与动名词作宾语的区别；不定式省略o的情况（使役动词、感官动词后）： 主动形式表被动意义的不定式（如sth.is easy to do) 知识点一：不定式todo的构成及基本功能 1.基本构成(to+动词原形) 。肯定形式：to+动词原形（如to study,.to play) 。否定形式：not to+动词原形（如not to smoke,not to forget) 。例句： 1.She plans to study abroad next year.(肯定式) 2.He told me not to wait for him.(否定式) 2.作主语（表示具体动作或抽象概念，常用t作形式主语） ·直接作主语：To learn English well is important.(学好英语很重要) 。it作形式主语：It is necessary to finish homework on time.(按时完成作业是必要的) 高中人教版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 。例句： 1.To help others brings happiness..(直接主语) 2.It's difficult to solve this problem.(形式主语it) 3.作宾语（跟在及物动词后，部分动词后必须接不定式） ·常见接不定式的动词：want(想要)、decide(决定)、hope(希望)、leam(学习) 。例句： l.I want to buy a new phone.(want后接不定式作宾语) 2.She decided to take part in the competition..(decide后接不定式作宾语) 4.作宾语补足语（补充说明宾语的动作或状态) ·常见接不定式作宾补的动词：ask(要求)、tell(告诉)、teach（教)、allow(允许) 。例句： 1.My mother asked me to clean my room.(me是宾语，to clean补充说明宾语动作) 2.The teacher taught us to read English aloud.(us是宾语，to read补充说明宾语动作) 5.作表语（放在系动词后，说明主语的内容或性质） ·常见系动词：be（是)、seem(似乎)、appear(显得)、remain(保持) 。例句： l.Her dream is to become a scientist.(is后接不定式说明主语内容) 2.The best way is to work hard.(is后接不定式说明主语性质) 6.作定语（修饰名词，放在名词后表示“要做的事”或“用途”) ·修饰名词：something(某事)、way（方法)、time(时间)、chance(机会) ●例句： 1.I have a lot of homework to do.(todo修饰homework,表“要做的作业”) 2.He found a good way to solve the problem.(to solve修饰way,表“解决问题的方法”) 7.作状语（表示目的、结果、原因或条件，常用目的状语） ·目的状语（常译为“为了”）：To catch the early bus,.she got up at6a.m.（为了赶上早班车，她6 点起床) ·结果状语（常与only连用表“意外结果”）：He hurried to the station only to find the train had left.. （他匆忙赶到车站，却发现火车已经开走了) 。例句： 1.She studies hard to pass the exam.(目的状语) 2.He was surprised to see his old friend.(原因状语，因见到老朋友而惊讶) 高中人教版 【语法专版】 ,非谓语动词全解 知识点二：不定式todo的基本用法和功能 1.作主语（表示具体动作或一件事） 。结构：To do sth.+谓语动词（常用单数形式） ·例句： 1.To learn English well is important..(学好英语很重要。) 2.To help others makes him happy.(帮助别人让他开心。) ●注意：常用it作形式主语，真正主语后置，结构为It+be+形容词+to do sth, 。例句：It is important to learn English well..(学好英语很重要。) 2.作宾语（跟在及物动词后，说明动作的内容） ·常接不定式作宾语的动词：want（想要)、hope(希望)、decide(决定)、ty(努力)、plan(计 划)、leam(学习) ·例句： 1.She wants to go shopping this afternoon.(她今天下午想去购物。) 2.They decided to visit the museum tomorrow.(他们决定明天去参观博物馆。) 3.作宾语补足语（补充说明宾语的动作或状态) 。常接不定式作宾补的动词：ask(要求)、tell(告诉)、want(想要)、teach(教)、invite(邀请)、 help(帮助，to可省略) ·结构：主语+动词+宾语+tod0$th.(主动语态中to不可省略，被动语态中to必须保留) 。例句： 1.My mother asked me to clean my room.(妈妈让我打扫房间。) 2.He was told to wait outside.(他被告诉在外面等。) 4.作定语（修饰名词，放在名词后，表“要做的事”或“用途”） 。例句： 1.I have a lot of homework to do.(我有很多作业要做。) 2.She needs a pen to write with.(她需要一支笔写字。) 5.作状语（表示目的、原因、结果等，常用目的状语） ·目的状语：常译为“为了”，可放在句首或句中 ·例句：He got up early to catch the first bus.(他早起是为了赶上第一班车。) 。结果状语：常与only连用，表“意外结果” ·例句：He hurried to the station only to find the train had left..(他匆忙赶到车站，却发现火车已经开 走了。) 6.不定式的否定形式（在to前加not) 3 高中人教版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 ·结构：not to do sth. 。例句： 1.Tell him not to be late.(告诉他不要迟到。) 2.She decided not to go there.(她决定不去那里。) 7.不定式的省略（感官动词和使役动词后接不定式作宾补时0省略） 。感官动词：see(看见)、hear(听见)、watch(观看)、notice(注意到)、feel(感觉) ·例句：I saw her dance in the park.(我看见她在公园里跳舞。) 。使役动词：make(使)、let（让)、have(使) ●例句：My father made me finish my homework.(爸爸让我完成作业。) ·(注意：被动语态中to必须还原：She was seen to dance in the park.) 知识点三：非谓语动词 1.odo(不定式) 。基础搭配拓展（中考必背）： l.afford to do(负担得起做)→例句：We can't afford to buy a new car now. 2.agree to do(同意做)→例句：She agrees to go shopping with me. 3.choose to do（选择做)→例句：He chooses to study math as his major.. 4.fail to do(未能做)→例句：I failed to pass the exam last term. 5.help to do(帮助做)一→例句：My brother helps to wash the dishes. 6.offer to do(主动提出做)→例句：He offers to carry the heavy box for me. 7.pretend to do(假装做)一例句：The child pretends to be asleep. 8.promise to do(承诺做)一例句：She promises to call me back soon. 9.refuse to do(拒绝做)→例句：Ie refuses to lend me his bike. l0.wish to do(希望做)→例句：I wish to travel around the world. 。特殊结构搭配（中考易错）： l.have no time to do(没时间做)→例句：I have no time to watch TV today. 2.the first to do(第一个做)→例句：She is the first to arrive at school,. 3.It takes sb.some time to do(花费某人时间做)一例句：It takes me an hour to finish the work. 2.doing(动名词/现在分词) ●基础搭配拓展（中考必背）： l.dislike doing(不喜欢做)→例句：She dislikes eating spicy food,. 2.miss doing(错过做)→例句：I missed seeing the movie last night. 3.prefer doing(更喜欢做)→例句：He prefers playing football to basketball 4 高中人教版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 4.start doing（开始做)→例句：They start working at8o'clock in the morning 5.stop doing(停止做)→例句：Please stop talking in class 6.continue doing(继续做)→例句：He continues studying after dinner. 7.consider doing(考虑做)一例句：I am considering changing my job. &.delay doing(推迟做)→例句：They delay holding the meeting 9.escape doing（逃脱做)→例句：He escaped being punished. l0.risk doing(冒险做)→例句：He risks climbing the high mountain. 。固定短语搭配（中考常考）： 1.be busy doing(忙于做)→例句：My mother is busy cooking dinner. 2.can't help doing（忍不住做)→例句：I can't help laughing when I see the funny picture. 3.think about doing(考虑做)例句：We are thinking about going to Beijing for vacation. 3.done(过去分词) 。基础用法（中考核心）： 1.作定语（表示被动或完成）→例句：The broken window needs to be repaired.. 2.作表语（表示状态）→例句：I am interested in this book 3.作宾语补足语（表示被动）→例句：I had my hair cut yesterday. ·常见固定搭配（中考易错）： l.get done(被…)一→例句：My bike got stolen last week 2.be done with(完成…)→例句：He is done with his homework. 3.have sth.done(让某事被做)→例句：She has her clothes washed every week. 考法精析 考法一：不带o的不定式及被动还原 核心：判断使役/感官动词后的不定式是否省略to,被动语态中需还原to 真题1（语法填空)： The teacher made us_(clean)the classroom yesterday. 答案：clean 解析：make为使役动词，主动语态后接不带to的不定式作宾补，故填clean。 真题2（单选题)： The girl was seen_in the music room just now. A sing B to sing C singing D sings 答案：B 解析：感官动词see用于被动语态时，需还原省略的to,构成be seen to do sth'结构，故填to sing。 考法二：不定式作状语与固定搭配结合 高中人教版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 核心：结合不定式作状语的功能（目的、结果、原因)与固定结构(too.to,enough to.,be+adj +todo),判断语境中不定式的语法作用及正确形式 真题1（语法填空）： The little girl was so excited_(see)her favorite cartoon character that she jumped up and down. 答案：to see 解析：此处为”so.that.”结构中嵌套不定式作原因状语，be excited to do sth”表示因做某事而兴 奋”，故填to see。. 真题2（单项选择)： The problem isdifficult for us solve in such a short time A.very,to B.too;to C.enough;to D.so;as 答案：B 解析：句意为”这个问题对我们来说太难了，无法在短时间内解决”，to0t0.”为固定结构，表示 太…而不能”，符合语境，故选B。 考法三：不定式作宾语补足语的被动语态及否定形式 核心：掌握主动语态中“动词+宾语+t0do”结构变为被动语态时“to”的还原，以及不定式否定 形式“not to do”的用法 真题1（单项选择)： The children were toldin the river.It's dangerous. A.not swim B.not to swim C.don't swim D.not swimming 答案：B 解析：主动语态中“tell sb.not to do sth.”表示“告诉某人不要做某事”，变为被动语态“sb.be told not to do sth.”时，不定式否定形式“not to do”需保留，故选B。 真题2（语法填空）： Students are allowed_(not leave)the classroom during the exam. 答案：not to leave 解析：“allow sb.not to do sth.”的被动形式为“sb.be allowed not to do sth.”,此处需用不定式的否 定形式“not to leave”,表示“不被允许离开”。 解题小妙招 不定式解题妙招 使役感官主动无to,被动还原to莫忘记： 目的结果和原因，不定式作状语要辨清： too.to表否定，enough to跟形容： be加adj加todo,固定搭配记心间； 6 高中人教版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 tell ask后接不定式，否定not放to前面： It is adj of/for sb,of指品质for表事，真正主语todo现。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题) 1.The workers were made_the whole day without rest by the boss. A work B to work C working D worked 2.It is important_usprotect the environment A for;to B of;to C for;for D of;for 3.She promisedlate again,but she failed her word. A not to be;to keep B to not be;keeping Cnot being;to keep D not be;keeping 4.The water is hot drink,so we need to wait for it to cool down. A very,to B too;to C enough;to D so;as 5.I heard him_the song when I passed his room yesterday. A sing B to sing C singing D sings 6.The question isto start the project as soon as possible. A how B what C which D where 7.He seems_in this school for more than five years,but I'm not sure. A to teach B teaching C to have taught D having taught 8.Would you like to go hiking with us?I'd love to,but I have a lot of homework_. A do B to do C doing D done 9.The book_into Chinese next year is written by a famous American writer. A translating B translated C to be translated D being translated 10.My mother asked me the dishes after dinner,but I forgot A to wash;to B washing;doing C wash;to D washed;doing 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.She decided(study)abroad after finishing high school. 2.It's kindyou(help)me with my English 3.The little boy is old enough(dress)himself now. 4.I have no time(go)shopping with you today. 5.He ran to the bus stop only_(find)the bus had left. 6.The teacher told us_(not talk)in class. > 高中人教版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 7.This is the best way(solve)the problem. 8.She seems_(know)the answer to the question. 9.The film is said(win)several awards last year. 10.Would you like_(have)some coffee?I'd love_. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空) It's important for students(develop)good study habits.Here are some suggestions:First,try-(set) a daily schedule and stick to it.Remember_(review)lessons regularly instead of waiting until the last minute.Second,don't be afraid(ask)teachers or classmates for help when you have questions.It's better(solve)problems early than to leave them until later.Third,avoid(waste)time on too much social media.Instead,plan(read)more books or do some exercise. Many students find it difficult_(balance)study and hobbies,but it'snecessary_(make)time for both Finally,remember(stay)calm and confident.With these habits,you will certainly make progress. 答案区 演练-：1.B2.A3.A4.B5.A6.A7.C8.B9.C10.A 1.to study 2.of to help 3.to dress 4.to go 5.to find 6.not to talk 7.to solve 8.to know 9.to have won 10.to have;to 1.to develop 2.to set 3.to review 4.to ask 5.to solve 6.wasting 7.to read 8.to balance 9.to make 10.to stay P