基础词法 介词与连词系统讲解-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（沪教版）

高中基础词法沪教上海版 【寒假专版】 介词与连词系统讲解 寒假专版 介词与连词系统讲解 词法专项突破 考频分析 沪教上海版高中基础词法中，介词与连词是重点语法模块，考频占词法总量的15%左右，贯穿试 卷所有核心题型：单项选择2-3题、完形填空3-4题、语法填空2-3题、书面表达核心考察，直接 影响句子逻辑性与连贯性。在语境理解类题目中，介词的搭配及连词的词义辨析往往是解题关键。 考查内容 。介词分类与搭配：时间介词(in/on/at)、地点介词(in/on/at)、方式介词(by/with/through)的辨析， 以及介词与动词、形容词、名词的固定搭配 ·连词功能与逻辑关系：并列连词(and/but/or)、从属连词(when/if/because/although)的句法功能，以 及引导状语从句（时间、条件、原因、让步等）时的逻辑关系判断 ·易混介词与连词辨析：如between与among、since与for、though与although、because与because of 的用法区别及语境选择 知识点一：介词与连词的分类及基础用法 1.介词（用于名词代词前，表关系) 1.常见类型 。时间介词(at/in/on) 。地点介词(in/on/under) ●方式介词(by/with/.through) ·方向介词(to/towards/from) 2.例句： ·We will meet at.3p.m.(时间介词，表具体时刻) 。The book is on the desk.(地点介词，表位置关系) 高中基础词法沪教上海版 【寒假专版】介词与连词系统讲解 2.连词（连接词短语/句子，表逻辑关系） 1.并列连词（连接并列成分）： 。and(和)、but(但是)、or(或者)、so(所以) ●例句：She likes singing and dancing./He tried hard but failed. 2.从属连词（引导从句）： 。because(因为)、f(如果)、when(当…时)、that(引导宾语从句) ·例句：I was late because the bus broke down../She said that she would come.. 知识点二：介词与连词的分类及用法 1.常用介词（表示时间、地点、方式等关系） 1.时间介词 。at（具体时刻)：at7:00a.m.(在早上7点)、at noon(在中午) 。im(年/月/季节/泛指上午下午/晚上)：in2023(在2023年)、in summer(在夏天)、in the morning (在早上) 。on(具体日期/星期/节日)：on June lst(在6月1日)、on Monday(在周一)、on Teachers'Day (在教师节) 。for(持续时间段)：for two hours(持续两小时) ●since(从过去时间点开始)：since2010(自从2010年起) 。before(在…之前)：before dinner(晚饭前) ●after(在…之后)：after school(放学后) 2.地点介词 ·in(大地点/内部)：in China(在中国)、in the classroom(在教室里) ·on(表面接触)：on the desk(在桌子上)、on the street(在街上) ●at(小地点/具体位置)：at the station(在车站)、at the door(在门口) ·under(正下方)：under the chair(椅子下面) 。above(上方，不接触)：above the bed(床的上方) ●beside(旁边)：beside the window(窗户旁边) ·between(两者之间)：between you and me(在你我之间) ·among(三者及以上之间)：among the students(在学生们中) 3.方式介词 ·by(交通工具/方式)：by bus(乘公交车)、by writing(通过写作) 高中基础词法沪教上海版 【寒假专版】介词与连词系统讲解 ·with(用工具/伴随)：write with a pen(用钢笔写)、play with friends(和朋友玩) ●in(用材料/语言)：in English(用英语)、in ink(用墨水) 2.常用连词（连接词、短语或句子） 1.并列连词（连接并列成分） ·and(并列/顺承)：I like apples and bananas.(我喜欢苹果和香蕉。) 。but(转折)：She is young but clever..（她很年轻但聪明。) ●or(选择/否定句并列)：Do you like tea or coffee??(你喜欢茶还是咖啡？) 。so(结果)：He was tired,so he went to bed early.(他累了，所以早早就睡了。) ●for(原因，常用于句中)：I didn't go out,for it rained heavily..(我没出去，因为雨下得很大。) 2.从属连词（引导从句） ·because(原因状语从句)：I study hard because I want to go to college.(我努力学习因为我想上大 学。) 。if（条件状语从句)：If it rains tomorrow,we will stay at home.（如果明天下雨，我们就待在家里。) 。when(时间状语从句)：I was reading when he came in.(他进来时我正在看书。) ·though/although(让步状语从句)：Though he is old,he works hard.(尽管他老了，但他工作努力。) 。that（宾语从句/定语从句)：I think that he is right.(我认为他是对的。) 。so.that..(结果状语从句)：He is so tall that he can reach the shelf.(他太高了，能碰到架子。) 3.易混介词/连词辨析 1.in/on/at(时间) 。辨析：具体时刻用at,如at3p.m.;月份/季节用in,如in March;具体日期用on,如on March 8th。 ·例句：We have a party on New Year'sDay.(我们在元旦举办派对。) 2.and/but/or 。辨析：and表并列，but表转折，or表选择。 。例句：Huyp,or you will be late.(快点，否则你会迟到。)(or表“否则”，用于警告) 3.because/so 。辨析：because和so不能同时使用，一句中只能用一个。 ●错误：Because he was ill,so he didn't come.. ·正确：He was ill,so he didn't come./Because he was ill,he didn't come. 3 高中基础词法沪教上海版 【寒假专版】 介词与连词系统讲解 知识点三：介词与连词系统讲解 1.常用介词及搭配（中考必背） l.in(在…里/后)→例句：There is a book in the bag./We will meet in an hour. 2.on（在…上/具体某天)→例句：The cup is on the table./We have a party on Sunday. 3.at(在…点/小地点)→例句：I get up at6:00a.m./She is at the station 4.with(和…/用…)→例句：I go to school with my friend./He writes with a pen. 5.for(为了/持续…)→例句：This gift is for you./I have lived here for5 years. 6.from(从…)→例句：He comes from Beijing./We learn from each other, 7.to(到…/向…)→例句：She walks to school every day../Please listen to me. 8.by(通过…/被…)→例句：I go to work by bus../This book was written by him. 9.about(关于…)→例句：They are talking about the movie../I know about the news. l0.between(在…之间)→例句：The park is between the bank and the hospital. 2.常用连词及用法（中考核心) 1.并列连词： 。and(和/并且)→例句：I like apples and bananas../She sings well and dances beautifully. 。but(但是)一例句：He is young but very smart../I want to go,but I have no time 。or(或者/否则)→例句：You can go by bus or by bike./Hurry up,or you will be late. 。so(所以)→例句：It rains heavily,.so we stay at home./He studied hard,.so he passed the exam 。for(因为)→例句：I must go now,for my mother is waiting for me. 2.从属连词： ●because(因为)→例句：He didn't go to school because he was ill. ·if(如果/是否)→例句：If it rains tomorrow,we will stay at home./Idon't know if he will come. 。when(当…时)→例句：I was reading when he came in../When I grow up,I want to be a doctor. 。though/although(虽然)→例句：Though he is tired,he keeps working./Although it's late,we still continue studying ●so.that.（如此…以至于…)→例句：He is so tall that he can reach the shelf./The movie is so interesting that I want to watch it again. 考法精析 考法一：时间介词辨析 4 高中基础词法沪教上海版 【寒假专版】 介词与连词系统讲解 核心：根据时间表达的类型（年月/季节/泛指上午下午晚上、具体日期星期/节日/特指某天的上午 下午晚上、具体时刻/固定搭配)，选择正确的时间介词in/on/at 真题1（语法填空)： We usually have a picnic-Sunday afternoon in spring. 答案：on 解析：表示“特指某天的上午/下午/晚上”用介词on,此处“Sunday afternoon”为特指周日下午， 故填on。 真题2（完形填空)： My brother was born2005 and he started school_the age of six. A.in;at B.on;in C.at;on D.in;on 答案：A 解析：第一个空后“2005”为年份，用介词in:第二个空为固定搭配“at the age of”,表示“在 岁时”，用介词at,故选A。 考法二：介词与连词的混合辨析 核心：根据语境判断逻辑关系，区分易混介词与连词的用法，选择正确的介词或连词 真题1（语法填空）： the heavy rain,we didn't go out.(Because/Because of) 答案：Because of 解析：后面接的是名词短语“the heavy rain”,应用介词短语because of,而because后接句子。 真题2（完形填空）： She likes singing-dancing.(and/but /or) A.and B.but C.or 答案：A 解析：singing和dancing是并列关系，应用并列连词and表并列。 考法三：介词与连词的混合辨析及应用 核心：结合语境区分介词（时间/地点/方式）与连词（并列/从属）的用法，规避易混词错误搭配 真题1（单项选择)： We will have a picnicSunday morning.I will call you I finish my homework. A.on;if B.in;because C.at;but D.for;so 答案：A 解析：第一空“Sunday morning”为具体某天上午，用时间介词on:第二空表条件“如果我完成作 业”，用从属连词试。 真题2（语法填空）： 高中基础词法沪教上海版 【寒假专版】介词与连词系统讲解 My brother is goodplaying basketball.He practices every day he wants to join the school team. 答案：at;because 解析：第一空“be good at”为固定搭配，表“擅长”；第二空后句解释练习原因，用从属连词because。 解题小妙招 介词连词妙招 时间介词辨类型，年月季上午下午，泛指m来特指o:具体时刻用at,固定搭配要记牢； 介词连词看搭配，名词短语用介词，because of接名词：连词because接句子，and表并列but转折： 逻辑关系是核心，因果关系so连用，because of可so伴；交通方式by加工具，on time准时记心间。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题) 1.We usually have dinner7:00 p.m.on weekdays A.in B.on C.at D.for 2.Tokyo is the east of Japan,and it is the east of Shanghai. A.in:to B.on:in C.to:on D.in:on 3.his hard work,he passed the exam successfully. A.Because B.Because of C.Though D.As 4.My mother likes cooking my father likes reading. A.or B.but C.so D.and 5.You can_take the bus ride a bike to the park. A.either;nor B.neither;or C.either;or D.not only,but also 6.it was cold,we still went swimming in the lake. A.Because B.Although C.So D.If 7.She arrived Londonthe morning of July 5th. A.at;in B.in;on C.to:on D.in:at 8.I didn't go out the rain. A.because B.so C.because of D.though 9.-you finish your homework,you can't watch TV. A.If B.When C.Unless D.Since 10.The teacher spoke slowly_we could understand her easily. A.so that B.because C.as if D.even though 6 高中基础词法沪教上海版 【寒假专版】 介词与连词系统讲解 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.We will have a partyChristmas Day. 2.My sister is goodplaying the piano. 3.He goes to work foot every day. 4.-she is young,she knows a lot about history. 5.I study hard I can get into a good university 6.They couldn't go hikingthe heavy snow. 7.The library is the left of the classroom building. 8.You can choose_coffeetea.(either...or...) 9.She was late she missed the bus. 10.We learned the news_the Internet. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空) Li Ming is a high school student.He usually gets up-(1)6:30 a.m.and goes to school-(2)bike.His school is(3)the center of the city,so it takes him about 20 minutes to get there. Last Monday,(4)it rained heavily,he took a taxi instead.He arrived at school(5)time,but his friend Tom was late_(6)he overslept.Li Ming helped Tom copy the notes after class,-(7)Tom was very grateful. (8)weekends,Li Ming often plays basketball_(9)his classmates.He thinks playing sports is good (10)his health.Last Sunday,they played from 2:00 p.m.(11)4:00 p.m.and then went home together. 答案区 演练-：1.C2.A3B4.D5.C6B7B8.C9.C10.A 1.on 2.at 3.on 4.Although/Though 5.so that 6.because of 7.on 8.either;or 9.because 10.through 演练三：1.at2.by3.im4.beca1se5.on6.because7.s08.On9.with10.for11.to 7