核心时态与语态 一般时态与进行时态综合讲解-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（沪外版）

高中沪外版 核心时态与语态语法全解 核心专题 一般时态与进行时态综合讲解 语法专项突破 考频分析 沪外版高中核心时态与语态模块中，一般时态与进行时态综合考察是重点语法内容，考频占时态语 态总量的35%左右，贯穿试卷所有核心题型：单项选择3-4题、完形填空4-5题、语法填空3-4题、 书面表达核心考察，直接影响句子时态准确性与语境连贯性。在语境理解类题目中，一般时态与进 行时态的辨析、时间状语提示及上下文时态呼应往往是解题关键。 考查内容 。基本结构与构成：一般现在时（主语+动词原形第三人称单数）、一般过去时（主语+动词过去 式)、一般将来时(wil/shall+-动词原形、be going to+-动词原形)以及现在进行时(am/is/are+现在 分词)、过去进行时(was/were+现在分词)的构成规则： 。时间状语与语境匹配：常见时间状语（如一般现在时的often/,usually,现在进行时的now/at the mo- ment,一般过去时的yesterday/last week等)的辨析，以及根据语境判断时态的能力： 。特殊用法与易混点：一般现在时表客观真理、习惯性动作与现在进行时表暂时动作的区别：一般将 来时be going to与will的用法差异：过去进行时与一般过去时在时间上的对比（如when/while引 导的时间状语从句中的时态搭配)。 知识点一：一般时态与进行时态的构成及用法 1.一般现在时（表示经常性、习惯性动作或客观真理） 。构成：主语+动词原形（第三人称单数作主语时动词加-s/-s) 。例句： 1.She gets up at6:30 every morning.（习惯性动作) 2.The earth goes around the sun.（客观真理) 2.一般过去时（表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态） ·构成：主语+动词过去式 ·例句： 1 高中沪外版 核心时态与语态语法全解 1.He visited the Great Wall last summer.(过去动作) 2.They were in Beijing yesterday..(过去状态) 3.一般将来时（表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态） ·构成：will/shall+动词原形be going to+动词原形 。例句： l.I will go to college next year.(will表将来) 2.It is going to rain soon.(be going to表预见) 4.现在进行时（表示现在正在进行的动作或现阶段持续的动作） 。构成：主语+am/is/are+动词-ing形式 。例句： 1.They are playing basketball now.(正在进行) 2.He is studying English these days.(现阶段持续) 5.过去进行时（表示过去某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作） 。构成：主语+was/were+动词-ing形式 ·例句： 1.I was watching TV at8p.m.last night.(过去某时刻) 2.They were building a house last month.(过去某段时间) 知识点二：时态的特殊用法与易错点对比 1.一般现在时表将来（按计划/时刻表发生的动作） ·适用场景：火车、飞机等时刻表：课程、会议等固定安排 。结构：主语+动词原形三单形式（同一般现在时主动语态） 。例句： 1.The train leaves at8:00a.m.tomorrow.（火车时刻表，用三单leaves) 2.The class begins at9:00 every morning.(课程安排，用三单begins) ·被动语态：主语+am/is/are+动词过去分词 ·例句：The meeting is held every Friday afternoon.(每周固定会议，用is held) 2.现在进行时表将来（计划/安排好的近期动作） ●时间标志词：tomorrow morning(明天上午)、next month(下个月，与表示位移的动词连用)、 s0on(很快，含计划意味) 。常用动词：come(来)、go(去)、leave(离开)、aive(到达)、start(开始) 。例句： 2 高中沪外版 核心时态与语态语法全解 l.My parents are coming to visit me next week.(计划好的动作，用are coming) 2.The plane is taking off in10 minutes.(即将发生的位移，用is taking of) 。被动语态：主语+am/is/are being+动词过去分词（强调'即将被.”） ·例句：The new library is being opened to the public next Monday.(即将开放，用is being opened) 3.一般过去时Vs现在完成时（时间关联对比） 。一般过去时：仅表示过去动作，与现在无关联 ·例句：She lived in Beijing in20l8.(2018年已结束，现在可能不住) ·现在完成时：强调过去动作对现在的影响或持续到现在 ·例句：She has lived in Beijing for5 years.(从过去持续到现在，仍可能居住) ·被动语态对比： l.一般过去时被动：The letter was sent yesterday.(仅说明昨天被发送) 2.现在完成时被动：The letter has been sent already.(强调'已经被发送'，现在无需再发) 4.过去进行时Vs一般过去时（动作状态对比） 。过去进行时：过去某时刻正在进行的持续性动作 。例句：I was reading a book when the doorbell rang.(门铃响时'正在读书”'，持续动作) 。一般过去时：过去瞬间发生的动作（常作时间状语） 。例句：The doorbell rang while I was reading.(”门铃响'是瞬间动作，打断持续动作) 。被动语态对比： 1.过去进行时被动：The meal was being cooked at6p.m.yesterday..(昨天6点”正在被烹饪) 2.一般过去时被动：The meal was cooked by my mom yesterday.(昨天”被烹饪了”，强调结果) 5.现在完成时Vs过去完成时（时间先后对比） 。现在完成时：过去动作持续到”现在”或对”现在”有影响 ·例句：We have learned1000 words since this term.(本学期开始到'现在”) 。过去完成时：过去动作持续到过去某个时间”或对”过去”有影响 。例句：We had learned500 words by the end of last term.(到上学期末，”过去的过去”) ·被动语态对比： 1.现在完成时被动：This song has been played many times this week.(本周到'现在”) 2.过去完成时被动：This song had been played 10 times by last Friday.(到上周五，”过去的过 去”) 6.情态动词的被动语态（必考易错点） ·结构：情态动词(can/may/must/.should)+be+动词过去分词 。例句： l.The work must be finished before Friday.(must be finished必须被完成) 3 高中沪外版 核心时态与语态语法全解 2.This problem can be solved in three ways.(can be solved能被解决) 3.Your homework should be handed in on time.(should be handed in应该被上交) 知识点三：一般时态与进行时态的区别与转换 1.时间状语差异（核心判定依据） ·一般时态（常表经常性、习惯性或客观事实）： 1.always,.usually,often,sometimes,.never→例句：She usually walks to school.. 2.every day/week/month/year,on Sundays→例句：They play football every Saturday. 3.客观真理/规律→例句：The earth goes around the sun, 。进行时态（常表正在进行或阶段性动作）： l.now,at the moment,.Look:,Listen!→例句：Listen!Someone is singing in the next room. 2.these days,recently→例句：He is reading a new novel these days.. 3.语境暗示（如”当…时”）→例句：I was watching TV when the phone rang. 2.动词特性差异（中考易错点） 。一般时态适用动词（状态/短暂性动词）： l.状态动词：like,hate,know,have,belong→例句：I like English very much.（不用于进行时) 2.短暂性动词：stat,finish,come,go,die→例句：The party starts at7p.m.(不用于进行时表” 正在开始”) ·进行时态适用动词（动作/延续性动词）： 1.延续性动作：read,write,.play,un,study→例句：She is studying in the library now. 2.表”渐变的动词：get,become,tum,grow→例句：The leaves are turning yellow in autumn. 3.句式转换与否定（基础语法应用） ·一般现在时一现在进行时： l.肯定句转换：He eats breakfast at7a.m.→He is eating breakfast now. 2.否定句差异：She doesn't watch TV on weekdays..→She isn't watching TV now. 。一般过去时过去进行时： l.时间对比：I visited the Great Wall last year.→I was visiting the Great Wall at this time yesterday.. 2.否定结构：They didn't play basketball yesterday.一They weren't playing basketball at4p.m. yesterday. 4.特殊用法（语境理解重点） 。一般时态表”计划/安排”： 1.时刻表/日程表：The train leaves at9:00 tomorrow morning. 2.习惯性将来：I always get up early on Mondays.. 4 高中沪外版 核心时态与语态 语法全解 。进行时态表”情感色彩： l.表抱怨”：He is always forgetting his keys.(含不满语气) 2.表”暂时情况”：My brother is living with us for a few days.(非长期居住) 考法精析 考法一：一般现在时与现在进行时对比 核心：通过语境判断动作的”经常性”与”正在进行”状态，选择正确时态 真题1（语法填空)： She usually_(walk)to school,but today she_(take)the bus because it is raining. 答案：walks,is taking 解析：第一空由"usually”可知表经常性动作，用一般现在时，主语三单，动词加-s;第二空由tody” 和'正在下雨”可知动作此刻正在进行，用现在进行时，主语she搭配is taking。 真题2（单项选择)： Listen!Someone_in the next room. A.sing B.sings C.is singing D.sang 答案：C 解析：由'Listen!可知动作正在发生，用现在进行时，结构为be+动词-ing”,主语someone视为 单数，be动词用is,sing的-ing形式为singing。 考法二：时态对比与特殊用法辨析 核心：根据动作的时间关联性、状态特征及特殊表达，区分易混淆时态（如一般过去时与现在完成 时、一般将来时的不同结构) 真题1（语法填空）： She _(live)in Paris since 2018,so she speaks French very well now. 答案：has lived 解析：由时间标志词'sice2018”可知，动作从过去持续到现在并对现在有影响（法语说得好），用 现在完成时：主语为三单，助动词用has,live的过去分词为lived。 真题2（单项选择)： -What were you doing at 9 p.m.last night? -I a movie with my family. A watch B watched C was watching D am watching 答案：C 解析：问句时间标志”at9p.m.last night''表示过去某一具体时刻，对应动作需用过去进行时，结构 高中沪外版 核心时态与语态语法全解 为”was/were+-动词-ing”,主语为I,be动词用was,watch的现在分词为watching。 考法三：时态表将来的综合辨析 核心：区分一般现在时、现在进行时表将来的用法差异，结合时间标志词和动词类型判断时态 真题1（单项选择)： My parents-to visit my grandparents this weekend.They bought train tickets yesterday. A.go B.goes C.are going D.will go 答案：C 解析：由时间标志词'this weekend?及"bought train tickets”(已购票，表计划)可知，此处需用现在 进行时表计划好的将来动作：主语”my parents”为复数，be动词用are,go的现在分词为going。. 真题2（语法填空)： The school bus-(leave)at 7:30 a.m.tomorrow.Please don't be late. 答案：leaves 解析：主语the school bus''的发车时间属于按时刻表固定发生的动作，需用一般现在时表将来；主 语为第三人称单数，动词leave用三单形式leaves。 解题小妙招 时态判断看标志，没有标志品语境： 一般现在表经常，动词原形或三单： 现在进行动作中，be加doing莫忘记： 过去进行特定时，was/were跟doing: 现在完成持续到，has/have加done了； 主将从现条件句，主来从现要记牢： 时间状语是关键，上下语境细推敲。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题) 1.Water_at 100C under standard atmospheric pressure. A boil B boils C is boiling D boiled 2.-I can't find my phone.Have you seen it? -Oh,it_on the desk five minutes ago. A is B was C will be D has been 6 高中沪外版 核心时态与语态语法全解 3.My parentsin this city since they got married in 2000. A live B lived C have lived D will live 4.Listen!The birds in the tree outside the window. A sing B sings C sang D are singing 5.-What_you_at 8:00 last Sunday morning? —I to the radio, A do;do;listen B did;do;listened C were;doing;was listening D are;doing;am listening 6.The meeting-at 3 p.m.tomorrow according to the schedule. A is to start B is about to start C starts D will start 7.If it tomorrow,wethe picnic. A rains;will cancel B will rain;cancel C rains;cancel D will rain;will cancel 8.He here for ten minutes.You can wait for him a little longer. A has left B left C has been away D is away 9.The plane_off.Please fasten your seatbelts A takes B is taking C took D will take 10.-Why didn't you answer my call last night? -I a shower when the phone rang A take B took C was taking D am taking 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.She usually(go)to the gym after work,but today she(stay)at home to rest. 2.My brother(study)English in London since 2023,so he(improve)a lot. 3.Listen!Someone(knock)at the door.Can you open it? 4.They_(build)a new hospital in our neighborhood last year,and now it(serve)the local people 5.The train(leave)at 8:30 tomorrow morning.We need to arrive at the station on time. 6.I(watch)TV at 7 p.m.yesterday when my friend(call)me. 7.If you_(finish)your homework early,we_(go)to the park this afternoon. 8.He_(not see)his grandparents for two years,so he(visit)them next weekend. 9.The earth(go)around the sun,and this(be)an unchangeable fact. 10.She(teach)in this school for 15 years.Next year,she_(retire). 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 7 高中沪外版 核心时态与语态语法全解 Tom is a high school student who loves science.Every morning,he(get)up at 6:00 and(read)science books for an hour before school.His favorite subject is physics because he-(want)to be an astronaut when he grows up. Last Saturday,Tom_(attend)a space exhibition with his classmates.While they(visit)the rocket model,a scientist_(give)them a talk about space exploration.Tom_(ask)many questions during the talk,and the scientist praised him for his curiosity. Since then,Tom_(spend)more time studying physics.He_(join)the school science club next month, where he(learn)how to build small rockets.His teacher says,"If Tom(keep)working hard,he will achieve his dream.” 答案区 演练-：1B2.B3.C4D5.C6.C7.A8.C9.B10.C 1.goes;is staying 2.has studied;has improved 3.is knocking 4.built;is serving 5.leaves 6.was watching;called 7.finish;will go 8.hasn't seen;will visit 9.goes;is 10.has taught;will retire 1.gets 2.reads 3.wants 4.attended 5.were visiting 6.gave 7.asked 8.has spent 9.will join 10.keeps 8