核心时态与语态 被动语态系统讲解-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（沪教版）

高中沪教上海版高中英语语法全解 【核心时态与语态】 被动语态系统讲解 语法专版 被动语态系统讲解 高中英语语法全解 考频分析 沪教上海版高中英语中，被动语态是核心时态与语态模块的重要内容，考频占语法总量的15%左 右，贯穿试卷主要题型：单项选择(2-3题)、完形填空(2-3题)、语法填空(2-4题)、书面表达 (重点考察，直接影响句子结构规范性与表达准确性)。在语境理解类题目中，被动语态的时态搭配、 主谓一致及结构转换往往是解题关键。 考查内容 。被动语态构成：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、 情态动词的被动语态结构及构成规则 ·主动与被动转换：不同时态主动句变被动句的基本步骤，含双宾语、复合宾语的主动句转换方法， 以及被动语态中by短语的省略规则 ·语境应用辨析：主动语态与被动语态的语境选择，被动语态在新闻报道、科技文献、客观描述中的 高频使用场景，及固定结构中的被动表达（如be supposed to、be worth doing等) 知识点一：被动语态的构成及基本用法 1.被动语态的基本结构(be+过去分词) l.一般现在时：am/is/are+过去分词例句：English is spoken all over the world 2.一般过去时：was/were+过去分词→例句：The letter was written yesterday. 3.一般将来时：will be+过去分词/am/is/are going to be+过去分词→例句：A new hospital will be built next year. 4.现在进行时：am/is/are being+过去分词一→例句：The problem is being discussed now. 5.现在完成时：have/has been+过去分词→例句：The work has been finished already. 2.被动语态的使用情境 高中沪教上海版高中英语语法全解 【核心时态与语态】 被动语态系统讲解 1.强调动作承受者（不知道或不必提及动作执行者）→例句：This bridge was built in 1998.(未提建造 者) 2.动作执行者不明确或不重要→例句：Good books are often read by students..(执行者”students”为泛 指) 3.出于礼貌或客观陈述→例句：Your order has been received.（客服用语，避免提及”we”) 3.主动语态变被动语态的步骤 l.将原句宾语变为主语→例句：主动：They grow rice in the south..→被动：Rice is grown in the south. 2.谓语动词变为”be+过去分词”（时态与主动句一致） 3.原句主语可由by引出（作状语，可省略）一例句：主动：She wrote the novel.一被动：The novel was written by her 4.特殊结构的被动语态 1.含情态动词：情态动词+be+过去分词→例句：This task must be completed on time 2.感官动词/使役动词：be+过去分词（主动句中省to的不定式作宾补，被动句中还原to)→例句：主 动：We heard her sing.→被动：She was heard to sing 知识点二：被动语态的特殊用法与易错点 1.情态动词的被动语态（表达能力、许可、必要性等) 常见情态动词：can(能)、may(可以)、must(必须)、should(应该)、need(需要) 结构：主语+情态动词+be+动词过去分词 例句： 1.The work can be finished in an hour..(can be+-finished,表示“能被完成”) 2.This book must be returned to the library on time.(must be+returned,表示“必须被归还”) 2.感官动词和使役动词的被动语态（主动变被动时需还原不定式符号o) 常见感官动词/使役动词：see(看见)、hear(听见)、make(使、让)、let(让)、watch(观看) 主动结构Vs被动结构 主动：主语+感官动词/使役动词+宾语+动词原形（不带o) 被动：宾语（变主语）+be+感官动词/使役动词过去分词+to+动词原形 例句： l.主动：We saw him enter the room.(see+宾语+动词原形enter) a被动：He was seen to enter the room by us.(be seen-+to enter,还原to) 2 高中沪教上海版高中英语语法全解 【核心时态与语态】 被动语态系统讲解 2.主动：The teacher made her read the text again.(make+宾语+动词原形read) 被动：She was made to read the text again by the teacher.(be made+to read,还原to) 3.不及物动词无被动语态（需添加介词构成及物短语才能用于被动） 常见不及物动词短语：look after(照顾)、listen to(听)、agree with(同意)、depend on(依靠) 结构：主语+be+动词过去分词+介词+by+动作执行者 例句： 1.主动：she looks after her grandmother carefully..(look after是及物短语) Her grandmother is looked after carefully by her.(be looked after) 2.主动：We should listen to the teacher in class.(listen to是及物短语) 被动：The teacher should be listened to in class by us..(be listened to) 4.被动语态的否定式和疑问式（否定在be/情态动词后加not,疑问将be/情态 动词提前) 1.否定式结构：be/情态动词+not+过去分词（一般时态）：be/情态动词+not+being+过去分词（进 行时)：have/has/had+not+been+过去分词（完成时） 例句： l.The letter is not written by Tom.(一般现在时否定：is not+witn) 2.The project will not be finished next month.(一般将来时否定：will not be+finished) 2.疑问式结构：be/情态动词+主语+过去分词（一般时态）；be/情态动词+主语+being+过去分词 (进行时)：have/has/had+主语+been+过去分词（完成时） 例句： 1.Is the book written by Lu Xun?（一般现在时疑问：Is+主语+written) 2.Has the work been completed?(现在完成时疑问：Has+主语+been completed) 知识点三：被动语态 1.一般现在时被动语态 1.基础结构：主语+am/is/are+及物动词过去分词→例句：English is spoken by many people. 2.中考常考搭配： l.客观事实描述→例句：The Great Wall is visited by thousands of tourists every year. 2.日常规律说明→例句：Vegetables are sold in this market every morning. 2.一般过去时被动语态 3 高中沪教上海版高中英语语法全解 【核心时态与语态】 被动语态系统讲解 1.基a础结构：主语+was/were+及物动词过去分词一→例句：The letter was written by my brother yesterday. 2.中考常考搭配： 1.过去动作的被动描述→例句：The bridge was built in2000. 2.带有时间状语的被动句→例句：These books were bought last week. 3.情态动词被动语态 1.基础结构：主语+情态动词(can/may/must/should)+be+及物动词过去分词→例句：This work must be finished today. 2.中考常考搭配： 1.can be done(能被做)→例句：This problem can be solved easily. 2.should be done(应该被做)→例句：The homework should be handed in on time. 3.may be done(可以被做)→例句：The meeting may be held tomorrow. 4.特殊结构被动语态 1.主动语态变被动语态（含双宾语）→例句：She gave me a book.→A book was given to me by her./I was given a book by her. 2.主动语态变被动语态（含宾语补足语)→例句：We call her Lily..→She is called Lily by us. 3.不及物动词无被动语态→例句：The sun rises in the east.（不可说：The sun is risen..) 解题小妙招 时态语态妙招 时态判断看标志，没有标志品语境： 主动结构记主谓”，被动必带be和done”: 及物动词可被动，不及物动无被动： 被动中be最关键，记住be就OK; 一现被动'an/is/are”,一过被动"was/were'; 进行被动要用being”,完成被动have/has/had been'”; 将来被动'will be'”,最后加上一个done: 双宾被动看对象，主动表被记心间。 考法精析 考法一：及物动词与不及物动词的被动语态辨析 高中沪教上海版高中英语语法全解 【核心时态与语态】 被动语态系统讲解 核心：区分及物动词与不及物动词，判断是否能用于被动语态及正确形式 真题1（语法填空)： The accident_(happen)yesterday.No one was injured. 答案：happened 解析：happen为不及物动词，无被动语态，由时间标志词yester day”可知用一般过去时，happen 的过去式为happened。 真题2（单项选择)： A lot of attentionto environmental protection in recent years. A.pays B.paid C.is paid D.was paid 答案：C 解析：pay attention to为短语动词（及物性质)，可用于被动语态；由时间标志词'in recent years'”可 知用一般现在时，主语为不可数名词，be动词用is,pay的过去分词为paid。 考法二：被动语态与时态结合 核心：根据时间状语或语境判断动作的时态，同时结合被动语态的结构变化 真题1（语法填空)： The old bridge_(build)in 1950 and it _(use)for over 70 years. 答案：was built;has been used 解析：第一空由时间状语”inl950可知用一般过去时，bridge与build是被动关系，故填was built: 第二空由'for over70 years”可知用现在完成时，it指代bridge与use是被动关系，故填has been used。 真题2（单项选择)： A new library_in our school now and it_next September. A.is built:will open B.is being built;will be opened C.builds;opens D.is building;will open 答案：B 解析：第一空由时间状语'now”可知动作正在进行，library与build是被动关系，用现在进行时被 动语态is being built:第二空由"next September'可知用一般将来时，it指代library与open是被动 关系，用will be opened. 考法三：被动语态的综合运用与转换 核心：结合时态、情态动词及感官/使役动词的被动语态规则，完成语境中的语态判断与句式转换 5 高中沪教上海版高中英语语法全解 【核心时态与语态】 被动语态系统讲解 真题1（单项选择)： A new song_by the singer now.Many fans are listening to it. A.is singing B.was sung C.is being sung D.will be sung 答案：C 解析：主语'a new song'”是动作'sing”的承受者，需用被动语态：由时间标志词'now'可知，用现在进行 时被动语态，结构为”am/is/are being+过去分词”，主语为单数，be动词用is,sing的过去分词为sung 真题2（句型转换)： 主动句：The teacher made Tom finish his homework after school..(改为被动句) 被动句：Tom_一_finish his homework after school by the teacher.. 答案：was made to 解析：原句为使役动词'make”的主动结构，被动转换时需还原不定式符号”to”,结构为be made to +动词原形”：由主动句时态（一般过去时）可知，被动句用一般过去时，主语Tom为单数，be动 词用was。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题 1.The meeting-at 3 p.m.yesterday and lasted for two hours. A.holds B.held C.was held D.is held 2.A new hospital_in our town now and it will be completed next year. A.builds B.is building C.is being built D.built 3.This song-very beautiful and is loved by many people A.sounds B.is sounded C.has sounded D.sounded 4.The bike-repairing.You'd better ask someone to fix it A.need B.needs C.is needed D.was needed 5.Many accidents_by careless driving every year. A.cause B.are caused C.will cause D.caused 6.The window-by Tom yesterday.Now it looks new again. A.breaks B.broke C.is broken D.was broken 7.It is said that the old castle in the 16th century. A.builds B.built C.was built D.is built 8.The book-by millions of people all over the world so far. A.reads B.is read C.has been read D.was read 9.The children to the park twice a month. A.take B.are taken C.will take D.took 6 高中沪教上海版高中英语语法全解 【核心时态与语态】 被动语态系统讲解 10.Your homework_before you go out to play. A.must finish B.must be finished C.finishes D.finished 演练二：填空试题 1.English_(speak)in many countries around the world 2.The letter_(write)by my sister yesterday afternoon. 3.A new bridge(build)over the river now.We can use it next year. 4.The problem_(discuss)for three hours,but they haven't reached an agreement. 5.This task_(must complete)before Friday. 6.The door(lock)when I left home this morning. 7.Many trees_(plant)in our city every spring. 8.The film(show)in the cinema last week.Did you watch it? 9.The room_(clean)by my mother every day. 10.The patient(examine)by the doctor right now. 演练三：语法填空试题 Every year,thousands of tourists visit the Great Wall.It is one of the most famous historical places in China and1 (build)over 2,000 years ago.The construction of the Great Wall2(start)during the Western Zhou Dynasty and continued until the Ming Dynasty.During that time,millions of workers3(send)to build it,and many of them lost their lives. Today,the Great Wall4(protect)by the Chinese government.Special teams5(send)to repair the old parts every year.In recent years,more and more attention6(pay)to environmental protection around the Great Wall.For example,plastic bags-7(not allow)in some areas to keep the place clean. It is said that the Great Wall8(visit)by over 10 million people every year.Many foreign visitors say that it is amazing and they9(deep move)by its beauty.As a symbol of China,the Great Wall10(love)by people all over the world. 答案区 演练-：1.C2.C3.A4.B5.B6D7.C8.C9.B10B 演练二：1.is spoker2.was written3.is being built4.has been discussed5.must be completed 6.was locked 7.are planted 8.was shown 9.is cleaned 10.is being examined 演练三：1.was built2.started3.were sent4.is protected5.are sent 6.has been paid 7.are not allowed 8.is visited 9.are deeply moved 10.is loved