核心时态与语态 被动语态系统讲解-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（冀教版）

高中冀教版 【语法专版】 被动语态全解 语法专版 被动语态系统讲解 核心时态与语态 考频分析 冀教版高中英语中，被动语态是核心时态与语态模块的重要内容，考频占语法总量的15%左右，贯 穿试卷主要题型：单项选择3-4题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空2-3题、书面表达核心考察直接影 响句子结构规范性与表达准确性。在语境理解类题目中，被动语态的时态搭配、主谓一致及语境应 用往往是解题关键。 考查内容 。被动语态构成：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时、情态动词的被动语态结构 (am/is/are+done;was/were+done;will be+done;have/has been+done,:情态动词+be+done) ·主动与被动转换：不同时态主动句变被动句的步骤（宾变主、谓变被、主变宾by短语），含双宾语 和复合宾语的主动句转换规则 ·语境应用辨析：主动语态表被动含义的特殊情况（感官动词、不及物动词短语、be worth doing等）， 根据语境选择主动或被动语态 知识点一：被动语态的构成及用法 1.基本结构(be+过去分词) 1.一般现在时：am/is/are+过去分词 例句：English is spoken by many people. 2.一般过去时：was/were+过去分词 例句：The letter was written yesterday.. 3.一般将来时：will be+过去分词/am/is/are going to be+过去分词 例句：A new hospital will be built next year. 4.现在进行时：am/is/are being+过去分词 例句：The bridge is being repaired now. 1 高中冀教版 【语法专版】 被动语态全解 5.现在完成时：have/has been+过去分词 例句：The work has been finished already.. 2.主动语态变被动语态 1.步骤：(1)将主动句宾语变为主语(2)谓语动词变为be+过去分词”（时态与主动句一致）(3by+主 动句主语（可省略） 例句：主动：They make cars.被动：Cars are made (by them) 3.用法及注意事项 1.使用场景：强调动作承受者、不知动作执行者或无需提及执行者 例句：This book was written in2000.（无需提及作者) 2.特殊结构： ·带双宾语的被动：间接宾语变为主语时，直接宾语保留；直接宾语变为主语时，间接宾语前加 to/for 例句：He gave me a gift.→I was given a gift../A gift was given to me. ·带复合宾语的被动：宾语补足语变为主语补足语 例句：We call her Lucy.→she is called Lucy. 知识点二：被动语态的特殊用法与注意事项 1.含有情态动词的被动语态 结构：主语+情态动词(can/may/must/.should/need等)+be+动词过去分词 例句： 1.The work must be finished before Friday. 2.This book can be found in the school library. 3.The problem should be solved at once. 2.感官动词和使役动词的被动语态 l.感官动词(see/hear/watch/.feel等) 主动结构：主语+感官动词+宾语+动词原形现在分词 被动结构：宾语（主格）+be+感官动词过去分词+todo/现在分词 例句： ●主动：We saw him enter the room.→被动：He was seen to enter the room. 。主动：I heard her singing in the next room.→被动：She was heard singing in the next room 高中冀教版 【语法专版】 被动语态全解 2.使役动词(make/Met/have等) 主动结构：主语+使役动词+宾语+动词原形 被动结构：宾语（主格）+be+使役动词过去分词+todo 例句：主动：The teacher made us read the text..→被动：We were made to read the text by the teacher. 3.被动语态与系表结构的区别 1.被动语态：强调动作，有动作执行者（可由by引出） 例句：The window was broken by Tom. 2.系表结构：强调状态，无动作执行者，过去分词作表语 例句：The window is broken. 3.区分方法：看是否有动作承受者和执行者，是否表示”被.”的动作过程 4.不及物动词的被动语态 1.常见不及物动词：happen(发生)、appear(出现)、disappear(消失)come(来)、go(去)等 2.特点：不及物动词无宾语，不能用于被动语态 错误例句：A car accident was happened yesterday. 正确表达：A car accident happened yesterday:. 3.特殊情况：不及物动词+介词构成的短语动词，可视为及物动词短语，有被动语态 例句：主动：We should pay attention to this problem.→被动：This problem should be paid attention to 5.被动语态的省略用法 1.省略执行者：当执行者不明确或不重要时 例句：A new hospital will be built next year. 2.省略be动词：用于某些固定搭配或谚语中 例句：Meat sells well,. 3.固定句型：It is said/reported/believed+that从句 例句：It is said that he has gone abroad, 知识点三：被动语态 1.被动语态的构成 1.am/is/are+过去分词（一般现在时） 例句：English is spoken by many people, 2.was/were+过去分词（一般过去时） 例句：The letter was written yesterday. 3 高中冀教版 【语法专版】 被动语态全解 3.wilb+过去分词（一般将来时） 例句：A new hospital will be built next year. 4.am/is/are being+过去分词（现在进行时） 例句：The house is being painted now. 5.was/were being+过去分词（过去进行时） 例句：The song was being sung when I arrived. 6.have/has been+过去分词（现在完成时） 例句：The work has been finished, 2.被动语态的用法 1.不知道动作执行者时 例句：My bike was stolen last night. 2.强调动作承受者时 例句：This book was written by Lu Xun, 3.动作执行者不重要时 例句：Rules must be followed. 3.主动变被动的特殊情况 1.带双宾语的主动句 例句：She gave me a gift.→A gift was given to me (by her)./I was given a gift(by her). 2.带省略to的不定式作宾补的主动句 例句：The boss made him work all day.→He was made to work all day(by the boss) 3.短语动词的被动语态 例句：We should take care of the old.→The old should be taken care of.. 考法精析 考法一：基本结构判断 真题1（语法填空）： The old temple(build)in the 15th century and it still looks beautiful today. 答案：was built 解析：由时间标志词”in the 15 th century”可知动作发生在过去，主语'temple与'build'为被动关系， 一般过去时被动语态结构为”was/were+过去分词”，主语为单数，故填was built。 真题2（单项选择)： This difficult problemby our math teacher tomorrow. A.explains B.will explain C.will be explained D.was explained 4 高中冀教版 【语法专版】 被动语态全解 答案：C 解析：由时间标志词'tomorrow'可知用一般将来时，主语'problem”与”explain''为被动关系，一般 将来时被动语态结构为”will be+-过去分词，故选C。 考法二：被动语态的时态与特殊结构融合 真题1（语法填空)： The old photos_(keep)in the box for many years.They still look new now. 答案：have been kept 解析：由时间标志词'for many years'”和上下文”still look new now'可知，动作从过去持续到现在，用 现在完成时；主语photos'”是动作承受者，用被动语态，现在完成时被动结构为have been+过去分 词”，keep的过去分词为kept。 真题2（单项选择）： The childrento play football on the road by the teacher just now. A.told not B.were told not C.were told not to D.are told not to 答案：C 解析：由时间标志词'just now可知用一般过去时：”tel'是使役动词，主动结构tell sb.not to do sth.”的被动结构为'sb.be told not to do sth.”,被动句中需还原to,故选C。 真题3（单项选择）： This kind of flower-very sweet,so it-everywhere in the garden. A.smells:plants B.is smelled:is planted C.smells:is planted D.is smelled:plants 答案：C 解析：第一空'smel'是系动词，无被动语态，用主动形式表被动意义：第二空”plant'”是及物动词， 主语f1ower”是动作承受者，用被动语态，且描述客观事实用一般现在时，故选C。 真题4（语法填空）： More trees_(must plant)here next spring to improve the environment. 答案：must be planted 解析：情态动词”must”的被动语态结构为"must be+过去分词”，plant的过去分词为planted。. 考法三：被动语态的综合运用 真题1（单项选择）： The problem_by the students now.They need more time to solve it. A.is discussing B.is being discussed C.was discussed D.will be discussed 答案：B 解析：主语'the problem”是动作”discuss”的承受者，需用被动语态：由时间标志词”'now”可知，用 现在进行时被动语态，结构为”am/is/are being+过去分词'，主语为单数，be动词用is,discuss的过 去分词为discussed。 真题2（语法填空）： This task must _(finish)before 5 o'clock.Everyone should hurry up. 答案：be finished 5 高中冀教版 【语法专版】 被动语态全解 解析：情态动词'must'后接动词原形，主语'this task”是动作finish”的承受者，用被动语态，结构 为”情态动词+be+过去分词”，finish的过去分词为finished。 解题小妙招 时态语态妙招 时态判断看标志，没有标志品语境： 主动结构记”主谓”，被动必带be和done”; 被动中be最关键，时态变化看be形： 一现被动”am/is/are”,一过被动"was/were”; 进行被动be being done',完成被动have/has/had been done”; 将来被动will be done'”,情态被动情态+be done'”; 使役感官被动时，o字千万要还原： 系动词无被动义，主动形式表被动： 情态动词加被动，结构”情态+be done”: 被动系表要区分，动作状态是核心。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题) 1.The Olympic Games_every four years. A.hold B.are held C.will hold D.were held 2.This novel into Chinese by the end of next month. A.translates B.will translate C.will be translated D.has been translated 3.The children not to swim in the river by their parents yesterday. A.told B.were told C.were told to D.are told 4.A new hospital in our city now.It will be finished next year. A.builds B.is building C.is being built D.has built 5.By the time we arrived,the meeting for ten minutes. A.had been on B.was on C.has been on D.will be on 6.This kind of clothsoft,so it well in the market. A.feels;sells B.is felt;is sold C.feels;is sold D.is felt;sells 7.The problemby our teacher at the moment.You can ask her later A.discusses B.is discussed C.is being discussed D.has discussed 8.These old letters for over fifty years.They are kept in a safe box A.keep B.have kept C.have been kept D.were kept 6 高中冀教版 【语法专版】 被动语态全解 9.He_to leave the company last month because of his mistake. A.was asked B.asked C.is asked D.will be asked 10.More treeshere next spring to make the environment better. A.plant B.will plant C.must plant D.must be planted 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.The bridge(build)in 1998 and it still works well today. 2.The homework(finish)by the students before the teacher came in. 3.A new film(show)in the cinema next week.Would you like to watch it? 4.The baby(look)after by her grandmother when her parents are at work. 5.This question(can solve)in two different ways.You may choose either. 6.The room_(clean)when I got home yesterday afternoon. 7.The book_(translate)into five languages since it was published. 8.Students_(should allow)to use dictionaries in the exam,according to the rule. 9.The thief(see)to run into the building just now. 10.The old photos(keep)in the box for over twenty years.They are still clear 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） Online Shopping Online shopping-(become)more and more popular in recent years.Many people prefer to buy things online because it is convenient.However,some problems(still exist).For example,fake products (sell)by some dishonest sellers sometimes. Last month,a survey-(do)by a group of students.They found that 60%of the buyers-(cheat)by fake reviews.To solve this problem,new rules-(make)by the government soon.Online stores-(require)to check the reviews carefully. Right now,a new app(develop)to help customers check the(authenticity)of products.By next year,this app(use)by millions of people. In the past,people_(think)that online shopping was unsafe,but now it(regard)as a reliable way to shop. 7 高中冀教版 【语法专版】 被动语态全解 答案区 演练-：1B2.C3B4.C5.A6.C7.C8.C9.A10D 1.was built 2.had been finished 3.will be shown 4.is looked 5.can be solved 6.was being cleaned 7has been translated 8.should be allowed 9.was seen 10.have been kept 1.has become 2.still exist 3.are sold4.was done 5.were cheated 6.will be made 7.will be required 8.is being developed 9.will have been used 10.was thought 11.is regarded P