U3 作定语、状语和宾语补足语的动词 - ing 形式-2025-2026学年高中英语必修三语法知识点全解（译林版）

高中译林版 【语法专版】 必修3-U3知识点全解 语法专版 【专题】作定语、状语和宾语补足语的动 词ing形式 语法专项突破 考频分析 译林版必修3-U3中，作定语、状语和宾语补足语的动词-ig形式是重点语法模块，考频占语法总 量的15%左右，主要分布在核心题型：单项选择(1-2题)、语法填空(2-3题)、阅读理解（长难 句理解关键)、书面表达（提升句式多样性与表达丰富性）。在语境应用类题目中，动词-g形式作 不同成分的用法及与分词、不定式的区别往往是解题关键。 考查内容 ·定语功能：单个动词-ing形式作前置定语修饰名词（如a running boy),短语作后置定语（如the girl singing in the room)的识别与选择 ·状语功能：表示时间（如Walking in the street,.I met an old friend)、原因（如Being ill,.he did'tgo to school)、伴随（如She sat there reading a book)等语境中动词-ing形式的正确使用 ·宾语补足语功能：在keep,find,see,hear等动词后接动词-ing形式作宾补（如I found him working in the garden)的固定搭配及句法结构辨析 知识点一：作定语、状语和宾语补足语的动词-ig形式 1.作定语（修饰名词，表主动或进行） 1.前置定语（单个-ing形式）：a sleeping baby(正在睡觉的婴儿)、a running dog（奔跑的狗) 2.后置定语（短语形式）：The girl singing in the room is my sister.(正在房间唱歌的女孩是我妹妹)、 I have a friend living in London.(我有一个住在伦敦的朋友) 2.作状语（修饰句子，表时间、原因、方式、伴随等） 1.时间状语：Walking in the park,I met an old friend.（在公园散步时，我遇到了一位老朋友)→When I was walking in the park,I met an old friend. 1 高中译林版 【语法专版】 必修3-U3知识点全解 2.原因状语：Being ill,,he couldn't go to school.(因为生病了，他没能去上学)→Because he was ill,. he couldn't go to school. 3.伴随状语：She sat on the sofa,watching TV.(她坐在沙发上，看着电视)、They walked along the street,,talking and laughing.(他们沿街走着，边说边笑) 3.作宾语补足语 1.感官动词后：see(看见)、hear(听见)、watch(观看)、notice(注意到)→例句：I saw him playing basketball..（我看见他正在打篮球)、We heard her singing in the next room.(我们听见她正在隔壁 房间唱歌) 2.使役动词后：keep(使保持)、have(使)、leave(使处于)→例句：The teacher kept the students reading..(老师让学生们一直读书)、Don't leave the water running.(别让水一直流着) 知识点二：动词-ing形式作定语、状语和宾语补足语 1.动词-ing形式作定语 1.前置定语： ·结构：-ing形式+名词 ·例句：a sleeping boy(正在睡觉的男孩)、an interesting story(一个有趣的故事) 2.后置定语： ·结构：名词+-ing短语 ·例句：The girl sitting under the tree is my sister.(坐在树下的女孩是我姐姐)、I like the book written by Mo Yan and talking about rural life..(我喜欢莫言写的且谈论乡村生活的书) 2.动词-ing形式作状语 1.时间状语： ·结构：-ing形式+主句 ·例句：Walking in the park,I met an old friend.（当我在公园散步时，我遇到了一位老朋友)、 Seeing the teacher,.the students stopped talking.(看到老师，学生们停止了说话) 2.原因状语： ·结构：-ing形式+主句 ·例句：Being ill,he didn't go to school yesterday.(因为生病了，他昨天没上学)、Not knowing her address,I couldn't visit her.(因为不知道她的地址，我没能去拜访她) 3.方式/伴随状语： 高中译林版 【语法专版】 必修3-U3知识点全解 ·结构：主句+-ing形式 ·例句：He sat on the sofa,.reading a newspaper.(他坐在沙发上，读着报纸)、They walked along the street,singing happily..(他们沿着街道走，高兴地唱着歌) 3.动词-ing形式作宾语补足语 1.基本结构： ·结构：主语+谓语动词+宾语+ing形式 ·例句：I saw him playing basketball on the playground.（我看见他正在操场上打篮球)、We heard her singing in the next room.(我们听见她正在隔壁房间唱歌) 2.被动结构： ·结构：主语+be+seen/heard..+-ing形式 ·例句：He was seen playing basketball on the playground.(他被看见正在操场上打篮球)、She was heard singing in the next room.(她被听见正在隔壁房间唱歌) 知识点三：作定语、状语和宾语补足语的动词-ig形式 1.作定语（修饰名词，表示主动或进行) ·a sleeping baby(正在睡觉的婴儿)>例句：The sleeping baby looks very cute. ·a running dog(正在跑的狗)→例句：I saw a running dog in the park. ·a swimming pool(游泳池)→例句：We often go to the swimming pool in summer.. ·an interesting story(有趣的故事)→例句：She told us an interesting story yesterday. ·a moving film(感人的电影)→例句：The moving film made many people cry. 2.作状语（表示时间、原因、方式、伴随等） ·Walking in the park,I met an old friend.(时间状语：走在公园里时，我遇到了一位老朋友。) ·Being late for class,he apologized to the teacher.(原因状语：因为上课迟到，他向老师道歉。) ·They sat on the grass,talking happily.(伴随状语：他们坐在草地上，开心地聊天。) ·He ran into the room,shouting for help.(方式状语：他冲进房间，大声呼救。) 3.作宾语补足语（补充说明宾语的动作或状态） ·see sb.doing(看见某人正在做某事)→例句：I saw her reading a book in the library. 3 高中译林版 【语法专版】 必修3-U3知识点全解 ·hear sb.doing(听见某人正在做某事)→例句：We heard them singing in the classroom. ·watch sb.doing(观看某人正在做某事)→例句：They watched the workers building the house.. ·keep sb.doing(让某人一直做某事)→例句：The teacher kept us reading for an hour. ·find sb.doing(发现某人正在做某事)→例句：She found him hiding behind the door. 解题小妙招 非谓语动词妙招 非谓形式有三类，ing ed和不定式： ing形式表主动，进行伴随时间因： ed形式表被动，完成状态作定语： 不定式表目的，意外结果only跟： 主谓关系看主动，动宾关系被动成： 感官使役后宾补，不定式to要省去： 固定搭配需牢记，结合语境辨分明。 考法精析 考法一：动词-ing形式作状语辨析 核心：根据句子语境判断动词-g形式作时间、原因或伴随状语，明确其与逻辑主语的主动关系 真题1（语法填空)： -(walk)along the street,she suddenly met her old classmate. 答案：Walking 解析：句中walk”与逻辑主语”she”为主动关系，且动作与谓语动词'met'同时发生，作时间状语， 故用walk的现在分词形式Walking。 真题2（单项选择)： The girl sat under the tree,-(read)a storybook. A.read B.reading C.to read D.reads 答案：B 解析：句中read与逻辑主语The girl为主动关系，表伴随谓语动词”sat”同时进行的动作，作伴 随状语，应用现在分词reading。 考法二：动词-ing形式与动词-ed形式作定语辨析 4 高中译林版 【语法专版】 必修3-U3知识点全解 核心：根据被修饰名词与非谓语动词的逻辑关系（主动/进行vs被动/完成），选择正确的-ig形式 或-ed形式作定语 真题1（语法填空)： The_(fall)leaves covered the whole ground in autumn. 答案：fallen 解析：leaves(叶子)与fall(落下)是完成关系，表“已落下的”，用-ed形式fallen作前置定语。 真题2（单项选择)： We should help thepeople after the earthquake. A.affecting B.affected C.affect D.to affect 答案：B 解析：people（人们)与affect(影响)是被动关系，表“受影响的”，用-ed形式affected作前置定 语。 考法三：非谓语动词-ing形式与不定式的混合辨析 核心：结合语境区分动词-g形式（作定语、状语、宾补）与不定式（作定语、状语、宾补）的用 法差异，重点关注主动/被动关系、时间含义（进行将来）及固定搭配 真题1（单项选择)： I heard her_in the next room when I passed by.She often practices_English songs A.sing to learn B.singing learning C.sing learning D.singing to learn 答案：B 解析：第一空“听见她正在唱歌”用hear sb.doing sth.(-ing作宾补表动作正在进行)；第二空 practice后接动名词作宾语，即practice doing sth.,故选B。 真题2（语法填空)： (leamn)English well,he spends two hours every day_(read)English newspapers. 答案：To learn reading 解析：第一空表目的用不定式To learn(置于句首作目的状语)：第二空spend time doing sth.为固定 搭配，需用reading(-ing作宾语)。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.the novel,she couldn't help thinking of her own childhood. A.Reading B.Read C.To read D.Having read 2.The students walked into the classroom,loudly about their weekend plans. 高中译林版 【语法专版】 必修3-U3知识点全解 A.talk B.talking C.talked D.to talk 3.We are gladthat our school will hold a music festival next month. A.hearing B.heard C.to hear D.hear 4.The old man was foundon the street,so people called an ambulance immediately. A.lie B.lying C.lay D.lain 5.in 1949,the People's Republic of China has made great progress in 70 years. A.Founding B.Founded C.To found D.Having founded 6.My teacher always encourages us-our dreams bravely. A.pursue B.pursuing C.to pursue D.pursued 7.He hurried to the airport,onlythat the flight had been canceled. A.finding B.to find C.found D.find 8.I saw a girl-by the lake when I passed the park yesterday. A.draw B.drawing C.drawn D.to draw 9.more attention,the tree could have grown better. A.Giving B.Given C.To give D.Having given 10.The film by a famous director is worth watching again. A.directing B.directed C.to direct D.having directed 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.The little boy fell asleep while(watch)TV. 2.(see)from the top of the mountain,the city looks like a colorful carpet. 3.My mother asked me_(clean)my room before the guests arrived 4.The girl(wear)a red dress is my cousin. 5.He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately after (lie)on the bed. 6.(solve)this problem,we need to work together. 7.I have a lot of homework(do)this weekend. 8.The book(write)by Mo Yan has been translated into many languages. 9.She stood at the door,(wait)for her father to pick her up. 10.The teacher made us_(repeat)the sentence three times. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） 6 高中译林版 【语法专版】 必修3-U3知识点全解 Last summer,I decided to take a trip to the countryside.(walk)along the path,I saw a small house -(surround)by green trees.Curious,I knocked on the door.An old man opened it and invited me in.He told me the house_(build)in the 1950s and had been kept well by his family. Inside,there were many old photos_(hang)on the walls.The man said he enjoyed_(collect)stories about the village.While(chat)with him,I learned that the village had changed a lot over the years.He also showed me a diary(write)by his grandfather,which recorded daily life in the past. Before leaving,I promised(visit)him again.(drive)back home,I felt happy to have discovered such a beautiful place.This experience taught me that_(slow)down and enjoying simple moments is important. 参考答案 演练-：1.A2B3.C4.B5.B6.C7.B8B9.B10B 1.watching 2.Seen 3.to clean 4.wearing 5.lying 6.To solve 7.to do 8.written 9.waiting 10.repeat 1.Walking 2.surrounded 3.was built 4.hanging 5.collecting 6.chatting 7.written 8.to visit 9.Driv- ing 10.slowing 7