U2 作定语和结果状语的动词不定式-2025-2026学年高中英语必修三语法知识点全解（译林版）

高中必修3译林版 【语法专版】 U2动词不定式精解 语法精析 【专题】作定语和结果状语的动词不定式 译林版必修3Unit2 考频分析 译林版必修3-U2中，作定语和结果状语的动词不定式是重要语法点，考频占句法总量的15%左右， 主要分布在核心题型中：单项选择(1-2题)、完形填空(2-3题)、语法填空(1-2题)、阅读理解 (辅助理解长难句)。在语境应用类题目中，不定式作定语时与被修饰词的逻辑关系及作结果状语时 的固定搭配（如only to do)是解题核心。 考查内容 ·不定式作定语：修饰名词时的位置（后置定语)、与被修饰词的逻辑关系（主谓、动宾、介宾）及 特定名词后的固定搭配（如ability,,chance,,way等） 。不定式作结果状语：基本结构(only to do表意外结果)、与现在分词作结果状语的区别（自然结果 与意外结果)及在enough/,too.to结构中的应用 知识点一：作定语和结果状语的动词不定式 1.动词不定式作定语（修饰名词/代词，表将来或未完成的动作) 1.位置：通常位于被修饰名词代词之后 2.常见搭配：名词+tod0(主谓关系/动宾关系) 3.例句： 。I have a lot of homework to do.(动宾关系，homework是do的宾语) 。He is always the first to come to school.(主谓关系，he是come的逻辑主语) 2.动词不定式作结果状语（表示意料之外的结果） 1.标志词：常与only连用，构成“only to do”结构 2.逻辑关系：主句动作发生后，意外出现不定式表示的结果 3.例句： 高中必修3译林版 【语法专版】 U2动词不定式精解 。He hurried to the station only to find the train had left.(意外结果：火车已开走) ●She turned around to see an old friend standing behind her.(意外结果：看到老朋友) 知识点二：作定语和结果状语的动词不定式 1.动词不定式作定语（修饰名词/代词，表动作或状态) 1.基本结构：名词/代词+to+动词原形（逻辑上与被修饰词构成“动宾关系”或“主谓关系”） 2.动宾关系（不定式动词为及物动词，被修饰词是其宾语）： ●I have a lot of homework to do.(do homework动宾关系，todo修饰homework) ·She needs a pen to write with.(write with a pen动宾关系，with不可省略) 3.主谓关系（被修饰词是不定式动作的执行者）： ·He is the first student to come to school..(student是come的执行者，to come修饰student) 。I need someone to help me.(someone是help的执行者，to help修饰someone) 2.动词不定式作结果状语（表示动作发生后带来的自然结果或意料之外的结 果) 1.表自然结果（无oly,说明动作的直接结果）： 。He worked hard to pass the exam.(努力学习，结果通过了考试) 。The temperature dropped below zero to make the lake freeze.(气温降到零度以下，结果湖结冰了) 2.表意外结果（常与only连用）： 。He hurried to the station only to find the train had left.(匆忙到车站，结果发现火车已开走) 。She turned around only to see her mother standing behind her.(转身，意外看到妈妈站在身后) 3.注意：不定式作结果状语时，逻辑主语通常是句子的主语 知识点三：动词不定式作定语和结果状语 1.动词不定式作定语 1.基础用法： ●修饰名词，表示“要做的事”→I have a lot of homework to do tonight 。修饰抽象名词（如ability,chance,way等）→He has the ability to solve the problem. ·名词前有序数词/Iast/first等时一→She was the first student to finish the exam. 2 高中必修3译林版 【语法专版】 U2动词不定式精解 2.动词不定式作结果状语 1.基础用法： 。表示意料之外的结果，常与only连用→He hurried to the station,only to find the train had left. 。表示自然结果，无需特殊副词→She studied har'd,to pass the exam easily. 。用于“主+谓+宾+todo”结构表结果→The fire spread quickly,.leaving nothing to save. 2.特殊结构： 。so.…as to do(如此…以至于)→He was so angry as to shout at his mother.. 。such.as to do（如此…以至于)一→She is such a clever girl as to work out the puzzle 考法精析 考法一：动词不定式作定语和结果状语辨析 核心：根据句子结构和逻辑关系，判断动词不定式在句中是作定语（修饰名词/代词，表将来或未 完成动作)还是结果状语（表意料之外结果，常与oly连用） 真题1（语法填空）： I have some important letters(post)this afternoon. 答案：to post 解析：此处'letters”为被修饰名词，'to post'位于名词后作定语，表将来要执行的动作，构成”名词 +todo”的动宾关系(letters是post的宾语)。 真题2（单项选择)： He rushed to the classroom only-(find)the door locked. A.finding B.to find C.found D.find 答案：B 解析：句中”only”为结果状语标志词，”only to do'”结构表示意料之外的结果，符合”匆忙到教室却 发现门锁了”的意外逻辑，故选B。 考法二：非谓语动词作定语辨析 核心：根据被修饰名词与非谓语动词的逻辑关系（主动/被动用途)及动作状态（进行完成/将来）， 选择动词不定式、现在分词或动名词作定语 真题1（语法填空）： The girl_(stand)at the door is my sister.She is waiting for me to go shopping together. 答案：standing 解析：被修饰词'the girl'与”stand'是主动关系，且动作正在进行，故用现在分词standing作定语。 高中必修3译林版 【语法专版】 U2动词不定式精解 真题2（单项选择）： We need someone-(help)us with the project.Do you have any recommendations? A.help B.to help C.helping D.helped 答案：B 解析：被修饰词”someone'”与help”是主谓关系，且表示将来的动作，故用动词不定式to help作定 语。 考法三：动词不定式作定语、结果状语及其他成分的综合辨析 核心：结合语境区分动词不定式作定语（主谓/动宾关系）、结果状语（自然/意外结果）与作宾语、 目的状语等其他成分的用法 真题1（单项选择）： He is looking for a room_and someonehim with the work. A.to live to help B.to live in to help C.living in helping D.lived to help 答案：B 解析：第一空名词room后接不定式作定语，live为不及物动词，需加介词in构成动宾关系(live in a room),故用to live in;第二空someone后接不定式作定语，构成主谓关系(someone help him), 用to help,选B。 真题2（语法填空）： She hurried to the hospital only_(find)her father had left.She worked hard(make)her family live a better life. 答案：to find to make 解析：第一空由only可知表意外结果，用不定式作结果状语，填to find:第二空表努力工作的目的， 用不定式作目的状语，填to make。 解题小妙招 非谓作定看关系，主动进行用现分： 被动完成用过分，将来未做用不定： 名词之后接不定，多表动宾或将来： 结果状语有标志，only to do表意外： 目的状语用不定，todo放在句首或句末： 固定搭配要牢记，动词后接动名或不定： 主谓关系看主动，动宾关系是被动： 4 高中必修3译林版 【语法专版】U2动词不定式精解 现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动： 动名词作宾表定，不定式作宾补状。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.We need more volunteers_the elderly in the community center this weekend. A.help B.to help C.helping D.helped 2.The teacher hurried to the classroom only-no students there. A.finding B.found C.to find D.find 3.English well requires consistent practice every day. A.Learn B.To learn C.Learning D.Learned 4.The boy_in the library is my brother.He enjoys_science books. A.reading;reading B.read;to read C.to read;reading D.reading;read 5.She pretended-when her mother came in,but the open book gave her away. A.sleeping B.to sleep C.sleep D.slept 6.the truth,I don't think this plan will work. A.Tell B.Telling C.To tell D.Told 7.The broken vase_on the floor was a gift from my friend. A.lie B.lying C.to lie D.lay 8.He managedthe difficult problem after hours of thinking. A.solving B.solve C.to solve D.solved 9.-by the beautiful scenery,we decided to stay for another day. A.Attracting B.Attracted C.To attract D.Attract 10.It is important-a balanced diet to keep healthy. A.maintain B.maintaining C.to maintain D.maintained 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.She has a lot of work(finish)before the deadline. 2.He ran to the station only_(discover)the train had left. 3.-(improve)your writing skills,you should practice daily. 4.The girl_(wear)a red dress is my classmate. 5.I enjoy_(listen)to classical music in my free time. 6.It is necessary_(obey)traffic rules for safety. 高中必修3译林版 【语法专版】 U2动词不定式精解 7.The children were told(not play)near the river. 8.(see)from the top of the mountain,the city looks amazing. 9.She promised_(help)me with my homework tomorrow. 10.The(fall)leaves in autumn create a beautiful scene. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） Nowadays,many students find it challenging-(balance)study and hobbies.Some spend too much time (play)video games,while others focus only on books,_(forget)to relax.-(achieve)a healthy lifestyle,experts suggest_(plan)daily schedules carefully. Last weekend,I decided(try)a new hobby-painting.I bought some brushes and paints,-(hope)to create beautiful art.However,the first painting I finished was quite messy.(feel)a little disappointed,I almost gave up.But my teacher encouraged me-(keep)practicing.She said,"(learn)any skill takes time and patience.” Now,I paint for an hour every day.It not only helps me relax but also teaches me-(be)more patient.I believe that with persistence,I will get better soon. 答案区 演练：1B2.C3.C4.A5B6.C7.B8.C9.B10.C 1.to finish 2.to discover 3.To improve 4.wearing 5.listening 6.to obey 7.not to play 8.Seen 9.to help 10.falling 1.to balance 2.playing 3.forgetting 4.To achieve 5.planning 6.to try 7.hoping 8.Feeling 9.to keep 10.to be 6