U4 关系副词引导的限制性定语从句-2025-2026学年高中英语必修一语法知识点全解（译林版）

高中译林版必修1-U4 【语法专版】 语法专项突破 语法专版 【专题】关系副词引导的限制性定语从句 语法专项突破 考频分析 译林版必修1-U4中，关系副词引导的限制性定语从句是重要语法点，考频占句法总量的15%左右， 主要分布在核心题型：单项选择2-3题、完形填空1-2题、语法填空1-2题、阅读理解（辅助理解 长难句)。在语境化题目中，关系副词where、.when、why的辨析及先行词的判断往往是解题关键。 考查内容 ·关系副词辨析：when、where、why的基本含义与先行词类型匹配（时间、地点、原因）： 。句法结构特征：关系副词在从句中作状语的功能，与“介词+关系代词”结构的转换（如when=in/on which,where=in/at which); ·语境应用与选择：结合先行词性质及从句成分缺失情况，判断是否使用关系副词（而非关系代词） 引导从句。 知识点一：关系副词引导的限制性定语从句 1.定义（修饰先行词，限定范围，不可省略） ·功能：关系副词在从句中作状语，代替先行词在从句中表示的时间、地点或原因 ·特点：先行词通常为表示时间、地点或原因的名词，从句结构完整（主谓宾齐全） 2.常见关系副词及用法 l.when(表时间，先行词为time,day,year等) 例句：I still remember the day when I first met you..(先行词the day,.从句中作时间状语) 2.where(表地点，先行词为place,city,school等) 例句：This is the school where I studied five years ago.(先行词the school,从句中作地点状语) 3.why(表原因，先行词仅为reason) 例句：Could you tell me the reason why you were late?(先行词the reason,从句中作原因状语) 1 高中译林版必修1-U4 【语法专版】 语法专项突破 3.与“介词+关系代词”的转换 1.when-in/on/at+which(根据先行词搭配选择介词) I'll never forget the year when I joined the army.=I'll never forget the year in which I joined the army 2.where=in/on/at+which(根据先行词搭配选择介词) The factory where he works is far from here.The factory in which he works is far from here. 3.why=for+which(固定搭配) That's the reason why she left home.That's the reason for which she left home. 4.使用注意事项 ·关系副词不可省略（限制性定语从句中） 。先行词为表示时间/地点的名词时，若从句缺主语或宾语，需用关系代词that/which而非关系副词 例句：This is the house which/hat he bought last year.(从句缺宾语，用关系代词which/that) 知识点二：关系副词引导的限制性定语从句 1.关系副词的功能与指代对象 l.where:指代地点，在从句中作地点状语，先行词通常为表示地点的名词（如place,,room,street,city 等) 例句：This is the factory where my father works..(先行词factory是地点，where在从句中作地点状语， 相当于“in which”) 2.when:指代时间，在从句中作时间状语，先行词通常为表示时间的名词（如time,day,year,moment 等) 例句：I still remember the day when we first met..(先行词day是时间，when在从句中作时间状语，相 当于“on which”) 3.why:指代原因，在从句中作原因状语，先行词通常为reason 例句：Could you tell me the reason why you were late?(先行词reason是原因，why在从句中作原因 状语，相当于“for which”) 2.关系副词与“介词+关系代词”的转换规则 1.where→in/at/on+which(根据先行词搭配的介词确定) The house where he lives is very big.The house in which he lives is very big.(live in the house, 故用in which) 2.when→in/on/at+which（根据先行词搭配的介词确定) 例句：I'll never forget the year when I joined the army.→I'll never forget the year in which I joined the army..(in the year,故用in which) 高中译林版必修1-U4 【语法专版】 语法专项突破 3.why→for+which(固定搭配，reason常与for搭配) 例句：That's the reason why she cried.→That's the reason for which she cried. 3.关系副词引导定语从句的注意事项 ·关系副词在从句中不可省略（限制性定语从句中，关系副词起关键修饰作用，若省略会导致句意不 完整) 例句：This is the school where I studied..(where不可省略，否则从句“I studied”缺少地点状语) 。先行词为时间或地点时，需根据从句成分判断用关系副词还是关系代词（若从句缺主语或宾语用关 系代词which/that,缺状语用关系副词when/where) 例句：This is the park which we visited last week.(visited后缺宾语，用关系代词which) This is the park where we played last week.(played后不缺宾语，缺地点状语，用where) 知识点三：关系副词引导的限制性定语从句 1.关系副词的基本用法及指代对象 ·when→指代时间（在从句中作时间状语）→例句：I still remember the day when I first came to this school 。where→指代地点（在从句中作地点状语）→例句：This is the park where we played last Sunday. ·why→指代原因（在从句中作原因状语，通常修饰先行词reason)→例句：Do you know the reason why he was late? 2.关系副词与先行词的搭配（必修1-U4重点） ·时间先行词（如day,year,tine等）+when→例句：We will never forget the year when our school was founded. 。地点先行词（如place,school,.city等）+where→例句：This is the school where I studied for three years. ·原因先行词(reason)+why→例句：The reason why she cried was that she lost her new pen. 3.关系副词与”介词+which”的转换（易错点) 。when=in/on/at+which→例句：I'll never forget the day when(on which)I met you 。where=in/on/at+which→例句：This is the house where(in which)my grandparents lived. 。why=for+which→例句：Do you know the reason why(for which)he refused the invitation? 解题小妙招 3 高中译林版必修1-U4 【语法专版】 语法专项突破 定语从句关系词选择妙招 先行词先看类型，时间地点与原因： 再看从句完不完整，主谓宾全用副词： 时间when地点where,原因why要牢记： 限制性从句不缺主宾，关系副词不可省： 非限制性有逗号，tht不用记心间： 若遇从句缺主宾，关系代词来顶替： which指代物或整句，hat只用限制性： 综合运用看结构，两步判断准无疑。 考法精析 考法一：关系副词引导的限制性定语从句用法辨析 核心：根据先行词类型及从句结构完整性，判断是否使用关系副词when/where/why,并掌握与“介 词+关系代词”的转换规则 真题1（语法填空）： I still remember the day I first joined the school football team. 答案：when 解析：先行词为表示时间的名词the day,从句主谓宾结构完整(I first joined the school football team), 需用关系副词when作时间状语。 真题2（单项选择）： This is the reason he was late for the meeting yesterday. A.which B.why C.when D.where 答案：B 解析：先行词为reason,从句结构完整(he was late for the meeting yesterday),需用关系副词why 作原因状语，符合“先行词为reason且从句不缺主宾语时用why”的规则。 考法二：关系副词引导的定语从句综合辨析 核心：结合限制性/非限制性定语从句的标点特征及从句成分分析，选择合适的关系词（关系副词 或关系代词) 真题1（语法填空）： We will never forget the day_we won the national championship(该句为限制性定语从句). 答案：when 解析：先行词为时间名词the day,从句”we won the national championship”主谓宾结构完整，需用关 系副词whn作时间状语；且该句为限制性定语从句，关系副词不可省略。 真题2（完形填空)： The small town,-we spent our childhood,has changed a lot in recent years. A.which B.where C.when D.that 4 高中译林版必修1-U4 【语法专版】 语法专项突破 答案：B 解析：先行词为地点名词he small town,主从句间有逗号隔开，判断为非限制性定语从句：从句'we spent our childhood''主谓宾完整，需用关系副词where作地点状语：非限制性定语从句中不可用that, 排除D项。 考法三：关系副词与关系代词的综合辨析 核心：通过分析从句成分（是否缺主语/宾语），判定时间、地点、原因名词后的关系词选择（关系 副词when/where/why或关系代词that/which) 真题1（单项选择）： I still remember the day we visited the Great Wall.It was so amazing. A when B which C where D why 答案：A 解析：先行词“the day”为时间名词，从句“we visited the Great Wall'”主谓宾结构完整，缺少时间 状语，故用关系副词when。 真题2（语法填空）： This is the school my mother works.She loves her job very much. 答案：where 解析：先行词“the school'”为地点名词，从句“my mother works”主谓结构完整，缺少地点状语， 故用关系副词where。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.This is the villagemy grandparents lived for 50 years. A.which B.where C.when D.why 2.I will always remember the daywe first traveled abroad together. A.when B.which C.that D.where 3.The reasonshe refused the invitation was not clear to anyone. A.which B.for which C.when D.where 4.We visited the museum last week,has a famous collection of ancient pottery. A.where B.when C.which D.that 5.The year 2020,-the COVID-19 pandemic began,will be remembered forever. A.which B.when C.where D.why 6.This is the house he bought with his savings last year. A.where B.when C.which D.why 7.She moved to London,she found a job as a translator. A.which B.where C.when D.that 高中译林版必修1-U4 【语法专版】 语法专项突破 8.The reason he explained at the meeting was not convincing A.why B.for which C.which D.where 9.We will never forget the moment_we won the national competition. A.when B.which C.that D.where 10.The small town,my father was born,has changed a lot in recent years. A.which B.when C.where D.why 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.I still remember the park we had our first date. 2.The company was founded in 1995,-many young people started their careers here. 3.This is the reason he decided to study abroad. 4.She graduated from Peking University,her mother had also studied. 5.The daywe met for the first time is engraved in my memory. 6.He missed the train,caused him to be late for the interview. 7.That is the factorymy father has worked for over 20 years. 8.We spent our childhood in the countryside,the air was fresh and clean 9.The book tells a story of the 1980s,China was undergoing great changes 10.The reason_she left home remains a mystery to everyone. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空) My hometown is a beautiful coastal city,I was born and raised.It has a long history of over 500 years, is recorded in many ancient books.The most famous landmark is the Old Tower,_was built in the Ming Dynasty.Every summer,tourists from all over the world visit the tower,-they can enjoy a panoramic view of the city. I grew up in a small neighborhood near the sea,my friends and I often played on the beach.We still remember the days_we built sandcastles and chased seagulls.However,the neighborhood has changed a lot since 2010,-the government started a renovation project.Now it has become a modern area with new buildings,attract many young people to live here. Last year,I returned to my hometown,I hadn't visited for five years.I was surprised by the changes, but the warmth of the people,I missed most,remained the same. 答案区 演练-：1B2.A3B4.C5B6.C7.B8.C9.A10.C 1.where 2.when 3.why/for which 4.where 5.when 6.which 7.where 8.where 9.when 10.why/for which 6 高中译林版必修1-U4 【语法专版】 语法专项突破 演练三：1.where2.which3.which4.where5.where6.when7.when8.which9.which10.which 7