Unit 4 Looking good, feeling good 由关系副词引导的限制性定语从句 (单元核心语法精练）英语译林版2020必修第一册

Unit 4 Looking good, feeling good 核心语法精练(由关系副词引导的限制性定语从句) 目录 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 1 一、单句语法填空 1-4 二、完成句子 4-7 三、句型转换 7-10 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 10 题型一 语篇语法填空(课文改编) 10-11 题型二 语篇语法填空(模考真题) 11-15 一、单句语法填空 1．Andria’s brilliant project to bring artists from all fields into direct contact with children is particularly welcome at a time the arts are being downgraded in schools. 2．The 1990s were a decade technological advancements revolutionized the way people communicated. ．Festivals are always occasions we gather together to enjoy ourselves and forget about our work for a while. 4．The village my grandfather lived is now a tourist spot. 5．The map unfolded, the detective located the right place the killer might hide. 6．The culture of bird-keeping and birdcage-making has been deeply rooted in Hong Kong society since the 1920s and 1930s. In the past, many bird owners would bring their birds to the tea houses they socialized with other bird enthusiasts. 7．The reason he didn’t come to the meeting was that he was ill. 8．Could you give me the reason you are always late for handing in your homework? (用适当的词填空) 9．The reason I’d like to take part in the competition of the Tang poetry recitation is that I want to learn more about Tang poems. 10．Creating an atmosphere students feel free to express themselves is a big challenge for us teachers. 11．The company I am working employed more than 7, 100 people. 12．It was 10o’clock they went out of the cinema. 13．The summer I graduated from university was long and hot. 14．Covering over 100,000 square meters, it’s now at a stage in its main structure is going through a construction phase, with the main buildings gradually taking shape. 15．The boss in company Mr King works is kind and generous. 16．This is the camera which he often takes photos. 17．The pen he is writing now was given to him by his father. 18．The teacher about we talked just now is from England. 19．You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a language in a house can burn up as it burns down. 20．This is my teacher from I’ve learned a lot. 二、完成句子 1．我们在一起工作的日子是一段快乐时光。 The days together were a happy time. 2．有一次，我帮了一个撞在路上的男孩。(when引导的定语从句) There was one time . 3．我清楚地记得那是圣诞节，我父母决定花几个星期开车去爷爷奶奶家，沿途游览所有景点。(when引导的定语从句；spend... doing sth.) I can well remember that it was Christmas to my grandparents’ home and enjoying/admiring all the sights along the way. 4．她想找的是祖母曾经住过的那栋老房子。 she wants to find is the old house her grandmother used to live. 5．在国际青年服务日，我和同学们去了附近的养老院，那是一次有意义的经历。 On Global Youth Service Day, my classmates and I went to . 6．这就是我小时候住过的房子。 This is the house I lived when I was a child. 7．那就是他创办慈善机构的原因，慈善活动期间他帮助了1000多名无家可归者。 That’s the reason he started the charity, he helped over 1,000 homeless people. 8．你想放弃的时候，想想你坚持这么长时间的原因。 The moment you think about giving up, think of . 9．人们庆祝端午节的原因是为了纪念屈原，一位伟大的中国诗人。(考查从句连词) The reason people celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival is they honor Qu Yuan, a great Chinese poet. 10．英语在全世界被广泛使用的原因有很多。 There are many reasons around the world. 11．不幸的是，人类活动是黑脉金斑蝶数量下降的主要原因。 Sadly, the number of monarch butterflies is falling.   12．我不信任他的原因是他经常说谎。 is that he often tells lies. 13．头发金色的那个女孩来自英国。(of+关系代词引导定语从句) The girl is from England. 14．你会交到一些好朋友, 他们大多数也喜欢打乒乓球。(“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句) You will make some good friends, . 15．他们引入了英语的雏形，并改变了人们建造房屋的方式。 They introduced the beginnings of the English language, and changed . 16．这本书的英文版包含近50首诗，其重点是亲子关系。 The English version of the book contains nearly 50 poems, the focus is on the parent-child relationship . 三、句型转换。 1．I will never forget those days.I was brought up in the countryside then.(用定语从句合并) ________________________________________________________________________________ 2．The child is going through a difficult phase. More care and guidance are needed in this phase. (用定语从句合并句子) ________________________________________________________________________________ 3．The house where they lived ten years ago has been rebuilt. (把定语从句改写成简单句) ________________________________________________________________________________ 4．The factory is far from here. My father works in the factory. (合并为含有定语从句的复合句) ________________________________________________________________________________ 5．The reason is unknown. He left the company for the reason. (合并为含有定语从句的复合句) ________________________________________________________________________________ 6．People carry umbrellas in hot summer days. That’s because the hot sun may be harmful to the exposed skin. (句式升级) → .（用The reason why... is that ... 合并句子） 7．Scientists worked together day and night to rescue the temple because they wanted to preserve it for the next generation. → is that they wanted to preserve it for the next generation. 8．Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases. Beginners of English fail to use the language properly in the cases. →Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases . (合并为定语从句) 9．The colorless gas is called oxygen. We can’t live without the gas. (用定语从句合并) ________________________________________________________________________________ 10．The house has been pulled down. The world-famous navigator lived in the house 10 years ago. (用定语从句合并句子) →The house the world-famous navigator lived 10 years ago has been pulled down. 题型一 语篇语法填空(课文改编) Reading Jennifer Jones，a 15-year-old girl，passed out suddenly in her morning PE lesson at Stonechester High School and 1. (rush) to hospital.She was found to have dangerously low blood sugar levels and was treated at once.2. (fortunate)，she is now out of danger.Her doctor says that she will make a full 3. ______________(recover) in a day or two. Jennifer thought that skipping meals would be a simple way 4. (lose) weight.Her friend Laura Williams told the reporter that Jennifer had not eaten breakfast for the last few months and 5. she had trouble concentrating in class.Laura warned Jennifer that 6. (go) without meals was unhealthy，but she refused to listen.It is normal for teenagers to be slightly heavy.However，extremely fat teens are advised to lose weight properly. According to an expert，having a healthy 7. (balance) diet is important for teenagers because they are still growing and their bodies need a lot of nutrition to develop normally.What’s more,8. is strongly suggested by health experts that we 9. (get) plenty of exercise to stay energetic and fit.Living well is 10. _________ safest and most effective way to get into shape. 2. Extended reading “Don’t judge a book by 1. (it) cover，” the old saying 2. (go)．Unfortunately，as a teenager，that is often exactly what you do to yourself and has a negative effect，and it is important 3. (guard) against the causes behind them. Standards of beauty in the media can have a big influence on what you think of your physical appearance.Besides，your friends also influence the way you view your physical appearance.Your friends may post 4. never-ending series of photos online to show off their beautiful dresses or strong bodies，and it becomes easier for you to compare yourself 5. them.This has proved to have a negative effect on what you think of your physical appearance. These external influences are always present，but there 6. (be) certainly ways to deal with them.First of all，be careful not to follow popular beauty standards 7. (blind)．Another tip is to remind yourself 8. ________ you are unique.9. (focus) on your strengths also helps you build your confidence.Finally，it is a good idea to try to direct your attention away from negative thoughts. So judge yourself by what is on the inside，not on the outside because your contents are much 10._______ (important) than your cover. 题型二 语篇语法填空(模考真题) A （2024-2025学年高一上·湖南邵阳·阶段练习） Jennifer Jones, 15, passed out in her morning PE class yesterday and 1 (rush) to hospital. Fortunately, Jennifer is now out of danger and her doctor says that she will make 2 full recovery in a day or two. In a society 3 being thin is often seen as being beautiful, teenagers sometimes turn 4 extreme methods to slim quickly. Some teenagers even take pills to lose weight, which has proved to be harmful to their health. When they are in class, they often find it hard 5 (concentrate) on their lessons. Health experts say that 6 is normal for teenagers to be slightly overweight. Teenagers are still growing and 7 (they) bodies need a lot of nutrition to function well. 8 they do not take in enough food, they may feel weak and get ill easily. Experts 9 (strong) encourage all teenagers to follow the tips on how to live a healthy life, because living well 10 (be) the safest and most effective way to get into shape. Doctors issue caution over rapid weight loss The famous comedian and 1 (actor) Jia Ling has lost 50 kilograms within a year for a film role. It has even become one of the top searches and hot topics online. 2 , doctors warn that such a rapid loss of weight is not 1 (health), and has potential risks. It is possible to lose 50 kilograms in a little over a year, 4 is equal to losing less than 5 kilograms per month, said Chen Qiuxia, the chief nutritionist at Xinhua Hospital of Zhejiang province. She said if one 5 (aim) to lose so much weight in a shorter period, the body might protest. Dr Qu Shen, director of the Shanghai thyroid disease research center, believes such 6 (promote) may mislead the public, 7 (say) “It is a process, which should be in line with 8 (science) and medical rules. Promotion focusing on a famous star’s quick weight loss can have negative effects 9 the public.” According to experts, obesity (肥胖) is a chronic metabolic disease, closely 10 (relate) to many factors such as genetics, the environment and life habits. Intervention is a comprehensive measure, and weight loss should be gradual. C With more and more children being overweight, we need to find 1 (create) ways to encourage them to develop healthy habits. How do you inspire teens to lose weight? Overweight teens bear a heavy burden. Being overweight affects their 2 (popular), self-esteem, ability to make friends — everything important to a teenager. Bruce, son of dietitian Anne, describes his anxiety about being overweight. He was worried about 3 clothes made him look fat. When he finally lost weight, he felt that a huge burden 4 (lift). At her STAR (Service for At-Risk Teens) Clinic, Anne finds that overweight kids are at risk for depression, poor self-image, and lack of friendship. Teens can’t succeed at weight loss alone. They need helpful parents, who create healthy home environments and serve 5 good role models. When parents succeed at weight loss, their children are more likely 6 (succeed) as well. She suggests 7 (turn) off the television and limiting computer time. Studies show kids spending hours in front of screens are more inactive and that they have a strong tendency to be snacking 8 (mindless) while sitting. She also says parents may need some additional guidance to help overweight teens get to the stage 9 they are ready to lose weight. Health care professionals can provide valuable 10 (suggest) that teens will listen to, as well as support for both parents and teens. ( 6 / 7 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 4 Looking good, feeling good 核心语法精练(由关系副词引导的限制性定语从句) 目录 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 1 一、单句语法填空 1-4 二、完成句子 4-7 三、句型转换 7-10 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 10 题型一 语篇语法填空(课文改编) 10-11 题型二 语篇语法填空(模考真题) 11-15 一、单句语法填空 1．Andria’s brilliant project to bring artists from all fields into direct contact with children is particularly welcome at a time the arts are being downgraded in schools. 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：安德里亚让各领域艺术家与儿童直接接触的杰出项目，在艺术教育在学校被贬低的当下尤为受欢迎。此处为关系词引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a time，指时间，在从句中作时间状语，因此需用关系副词when。故填when。 2．The 1990s were a decade technological advancements revolutionized the way people communicated. 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：20世纪90年代是一个科技进步彻底改变人们交流方式的十年。分析句子可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词为a decade，表示时间，且关系词在从句中作时间状语，空处应用关系副词连接。故填when。 3．Festivals are always occasions we gather together to enjoy ourselves and forget about our work for a while. 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：节日总是我们聚在一起玩乐、暂时忘记工作的时刻。此处为限制性定语从句，先行词为occasions，意为“时刻”，引导词在定语从句中作时间状语，即“在这些时刻里”，应用关系副词when来引导。故填when。 4．The village my grandfather lived is now a tourist spot. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句引导词。句意：我祖父曾经居住过的那个村庄现在成了旅游景点。分析句子可知，“my grandfather lived”是定语从句，修饰先行词“The village”，先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导定语从句。故填where。 5．The map unfolded, the detective located the right place the killer might hide. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：地图展开后，侦探找到了凶手可能藏身的准确位置。空处引导定语从句，修饰place，在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导从句，故填where。 6．The culture of bird-keeping and birdcage-making has been deeply rooted in Hong Kong society since the 1920s and 1930s. In the past, many bird owners would bring their birds to the tea houses they socialized with other bird enthusiasts. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：养鸟和制作鸟笼的文化自20世纪二三十年代起就深深扎根于香港社会。过去，许多养鸟人会把他们的鸟带到茶馆，在那里他们可以和其他爱鸟人士交流。“they socialized with other bird enthusiasts”是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the tea houses，先行词将其代入从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导定语从句。故填where。 7．The reason he didn’t come to the meeting was that he was ill. 【答案】why 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他没来开会的原因是他病了。分析句子可知，句子为限制性定语从句，先行词为“reason”，关系词替代先行词在从句中作原因状语，故应用关系副词“why”引导从句。故填why。 8．Could you give me the reason you are always late for handing in your homework? (用适当的词填空) 【答案】why 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你能告诉我你交作业总是迟到的原因吗？空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词reason，先行词在从句中表示行为发生的原因，作原因状语，应用关系副词why作引导词。故填why。 9．The reason I’d like to take part in the competition of the Tang poetry recitation is that I want to learn more about Tang poems. 【答案】why 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我想参加唐诗朗诵比赛的原因是我想更多地了解唐诗。空处引导定语从句“ I’d like to take part in the competition of the Tang poetry recitation”，先行词为The reason，在定语从句中作原因状语，需用关系副词why引导。故填why。 10．Creating an atmosphere students feel free to express themselves is a big challenge for us teachers.【答案】where / in which 【详解】考查定语从句的关系词。句意：对我们老师来说，创造一个学生可以自由表达自己的氛围是一个很大的挑战。此处atmosphere是先行词，关系词替代先行词在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where，也用in which=where。故答案为where/in which。 11．The company I am working employed more than 7, 100 people. 【答案】where / in which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我现在工作的公司有超过7100名员工。此处为定语从句，先行词The company在定语从句中充当地点状语，用where或in which引导。故填where/in which。 12．It was 10o’clock they went out of the cinema. 【答案】when/at which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他们走出电影院时已是十点钟了。分析句子结构及句意可知此处为定语从句，先行词为表示时间的名词 10 o’clock， 从句缺少时间状语， 应用关系副词when引导定语从句；表示“在几点”，应用介词at，所以此处的关系副词when也可换作at which。故答案为when/at which。 13．The summer I graduated from university was long and hot. 【答案】when/in which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我大学毕业的那个夏天又长又热。分析句子结构可知,此处应用when引导定语从句,关系词指代先行词The summer,在定语从句中作时间状语。此处也可用“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句,由in the summer可知，应用介词in。in which相当于when。故填when/in which。 14．Covering over 100,000 square meters, it’s now at a stage in its main structure is going through a construction phase, with the main buildings gradually taking shape. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：占地面积达10万平方米，目前该项目正处于主体结构施工阶段，主要建筑正在逐步成型。此处为“介词+关系代词”结构定语从句，修饰先行词stage，先行词指物，关系词替代先行词作介词的宾语，用关系代词which。故填which。 15．The boss in company Mr King works is kind and generous. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：金先生工作的那家公司的老板善良又慷慨。该句为“介词+关系代词”的限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The boss，关系词在从句中作定语，应用关系代词whose引导该定语从句。故填whose。 16．This is the camera which he often takes photos. 【答案】with 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这就是他经常用来拍照的相机。空处为介词+关系代词引导的限制性定语从句，先行词为camera，把先行词带入定语从句中为he often takes photos with the camera，表示“他经常用这个相机拍照”，先行词作介词with的宾语，指代物，用关系代词which，构成with which的结构。故填with。 17．The pen he is writing now was given to him by his father. 【答案】with which 【详解】考查“介词+关系代词”。句意：句意：他现在正在用来写字的这支钢笔是他父亲给他的。先行词为The pen，指物，关系词替代先行词在定语从句中作介词with的宾语，“用……写”为write with，关系代词为which。故填with which。 18．The teacher about we talked just now is from England. 【答案】whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们刚才谈到的那位老师是英国人。空处和空前的about搭配，形成“介词+关系代词”的结构，引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The teacher，先行词指人，作介词about的宾语，因此用关系代词whom。故填whom。 19．You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a language in a house can burn up as it burns down. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你也不得不感叹一种语言的独特疯狂之处，在这种语言中，一所房子在“burns down(烧毁)”时，也可以说它“burns up(烧尽)”。空处引导定语从句，为“介词 + 关系词”引导的定语从句，先行词为language，指物，在定语从句中作介词in的宾语，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。 20．This is my teacher from I’ve learned a lot. 【答案】whom 二、完成句子 1．我们在一起工作的日子是一段快乐时光。 The days together were a happy time. 【答案】when we worked 【详解】考查定语从句和动词时态。表示“我们”应用we；表示“工作”应用work，结合“were”可知，使用一般过去时；表示“我们在一起工作的日子”应用定语从句，先行词是days，在定语从句中作时间状语，需用关系副词when引导。故填when we worked。 2．有一次，我帮了一个撞在路上的男孩。(when引导的定语从句) There was one time . 【答案】when I helped a boy who hit the road 【详解】考查定语从句。描述过去的事情用一般过去时，主句中的one time表示时间，需用when引导定语从句修饰，从句内容为“我帮了一个撞在路上的男孩”，需整合为when I helped a boy…，“撞在路上的”修饰boy，需用who引导的定语从句作主语进一步说明，为who hit the road。故填when I helped a boy who hit the road。 3．我清楚地记得那是圣诞节，我父母决定花几个星期开车去爷爷奶奶家，沿途游览所有景点。(when引导的定语从句；spend... doing sth.) I can well remember that it was Christmas to my grandparents’ home and enjoying/admiring all the sights along the way. 【答案】when my parents decided to spend a few weeks driving 【详解】考查定语从句，动词短语，时态和非谓语动词。中英文句子对比可知，空处结合空后内容可用定语从句来修饰前面表示时间的先行词Christmas，关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导从句；从句主语“我父母”为my parents，“决定做某事”为decide to do sth，句子陈述过去发生的事情，时态为一般过去时，decide用过去式形式；“花费时间做某事”为spend... doing sth，“几个星期”为a few weeks，“开车去”为drive to。故填when my parents decided to spend a few weeks driving。 4．她想找的是祖母曾经住过的那栋老房子。 she wants to find is the old house her grandmother used to live. 【答案】 What where 【详解】考查主语从句和定语从句。第一空引导主语从句，从句缺少宾语，指物，故用what，置于句首，首字母大写；第二空引导定语从句，修饰先行词house，指地点，关系词在从句作地点状语，故用关系副词where。故填①What；②where。 5．在国际青年服务日，我和同学们去了附近的养老院，那是一次有意义的经历。 On Global Youth Service Day, my classmates and I went to . 【答案】the nearby nursing home where we had a meaningful experience 【详解】考查定语从句。根据汉语提示，表示“附近的养老院”用the nearby nursing home；表示“那是一次有意义的经历”可处理为where引导定语从句，修饰先行词the nursing home；“有”用have，作从句谓语，根据前文的went可知句子表述过去事实，故从句也是用一般过去时，表示“有意义的”用meaningful作定语修饰名词experience“经历”。故填the nearby nursing home where we had a meaningful experience. 6．这就是我小时候住过的房子。 This is the house I lived when I was a child. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这就是我小时候住过的房子。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词是house，指地点，且在从句中作地点状语，所以用where引导该从句。故填where。 7．那就是他创办慈善机构的原因，慈善活动期间他帮助了1000多名无家可归者。 That’s the reason he started the charity, he helped over 1,000 homeless people. 【答案】 why during which 【详解】考查定语从句。第一空引导限制性定语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，先行词reason是原因，因此用why引导定语从句；第二空处是“介词+which/whom”引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为charity，在此处是指慈善活动期间，用介词during表示“在……期间”，which指代先行词，作宾语。故填why，during，which。 8．你想放弃的时候，想想你坚持这么长时间的原因。 The moment you think about giving up, think of . 【答案】the reason why you held on so long 【详解】考查定语从句。空处作介词of的宾语，“原因”the reason，后接定语从句，从句主语“你”you，“坚持”hold on，“这么长时间”so long，从句描述过去的动作，所以定语从句需用一般过去时，动词使用过去式形式held，先行词the reason表示原因，关系词在从句中作原因状语，应用关系副词why引导从句。故填the reason why you held on so long。 9．人们庆祝端午节的原因是为了纪念屈原，一位伟大的中国诗人。(考查从句连词) The reason people celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival is they honor Qu Yuan, a great Chinese poet. 【答案】 why that 【详解】考查从句连词。第一空引导定语从句，The reason是先行词，从句中缺少原因状语，所以用关系副词why引导定语从句。第二空引导表语从句，从句中不缺少成分，且句意完整，所以用that引导该表语从句。故填①why；②that。 10．英语在全世界被广泛使用的原因有很多。 There are many reasons around the world. 【答案】why/for which English is widely used 【详解】考查定语从句。“英语在全世界被广泛使用”为定语从句修饰先行词reasons，“英语”为English，“广泛”为副词widely，“使用”为动词use，English和动词use是被动关系，且从句描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态，所以“英语被广泛使用”翻译为English is widely used，关系词在从句中作原因状语，应用关系副词why或for which引导定语从句，故填why/for which English is widely used。 11．不幸的是，人类活动是黑脉金斑蝶数量下降的主要原因。 Sadly, the number of monarch butterflies is falling.   【答案】human activities are the main reason why/for which 【详解】考查短语和定语从句。“人类活动”为human activity，泛指，所以用复数形式。“主要原因”为 main reason ，在定语从句中作原因状语，所以用关系副词why或用介词for+which引导定语从句。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。根据句意，故填human activities are the main reason why/for which。 12．我不信任他的原因是他经常说谎。 is that he often tells lies. 【答案】The reason why/for which I don’t trust him 【详解】考查定语从句。根据汉语提干并分析句子结构，设空处表示“我不信任他的原因”，中心词“原因”（reason）在句中作主句主语，“我不信任他的”作定语从句，且关系词指代先行词reason，在从句中作原因状语，所以应用why引导，相当于for which。trust意为“信任”。故填The reason why/for which I don’t trust him。 13．头发金色的那个女孩来自英国。(of+关系代词引导定语从句) The girl is from England. 【答案】the hair of whom is golden 【详解】考查定语从句和动词时态。“头发金色的”处理为修饰girl的定语从句，“头发”是“the hair”，和先行词girl之间是所属关系，根据提示要求，用of whom引导定语从句，从句陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，且主语hair不可数，故表示“是”用is，“金色的”用形容词golden作表语。故填the hair of whom is golden。 14．你会交到一些好朋友, 他们大多数也喜欢打乒乓球。(“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句) You will make some good friends, . 【答案】most of whom are also interested in playing table tennis 【详解】考查定语从句。此处为“介词＋关系代词”结构非限制性定语从句修饰先行词some good friends，表示“大多数”应用most of…，引导词作介词的宾语，先行词指人，应用whom；句子描述了客观事实，应用一般现在时，谓语动词“喜欢”可翻译为“也对……感兴趣”，为be interested in，主语most of whom为复数，系动词应为are；“打乒乓球”为play table tennis，作介词“in”宾语应用playing。故答案为most of whom are also interested in playing table tennis。 15．他们引入了英语的雏形，并改变了人们建造房屋的方式。 They introduced the beginnings of the English language, and changed . 【答案】the way people built houses 【详解】考查定语从句和时态。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“人们建造房屋的方式”，“……的方式”是the way...，是the way作先行词，后跟定语从句，“人们”是people，表示“建造房屋”应用build houses，根据上文introduced可知为一般过去时，people built houses中不缺主语或宾语，因此用that/in which引导定语从句，也可不用引导词，因此空格处是the way people built houses。故填the way people built houses。 16．这本书的英文版包含近50首诗，其重点是亲子关系。 The English version of the book contains nearly 50 poems, the focus is on the parent-child relationship . 【答案】 of which 【详解】考查“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。根据英汉意思对比可知，句子是一个定语从句，固定短the focus of...表示“……的重点”，先行词是nearly 50 poems，指物，先行词在从句中作of的宾语，在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，指物时关系代词用which。故填①of；②which。 三、句型转换。 1．I will never forget those days.I was brought up in the countryside then.(用定语从句合并) ________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】I will never forget those days, when I was brought up in the countryside. I will never forget those days, on which I was brought up in the countryside. 【详解】考查定语从句，句意：我永远不会忘记那些日子。那时我在乡下长大。先行词为those days，在定语从句作时间状语，关系副词为when或者on which。第二个句子中的then去掉，故填I will never forget those days, when I was brought up in the countryside./ I will never forget those days, on which I was brought up in the countryside. 2．The child is going through a difficult phase. More care and guidance are needed in this phase. (用定语从句合并句子) ________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The child is going through a difficult phase when more care and guidance are needed./The child is going through a difficult phase in which more care and guidance are needed. 【详解】考查限制性定语从句。原句句意：这个孩子正在经历一个困难的阶段。在这个阶段需要更多的关心和指导。第二句中的this phase指代前一句中的a difficult phase，可将a difficult phase作为先行词，用限制性定语从句加以修饰，可将先行词作为定语从句中的时间状语，用关系副词when引导，或将先行词作为从句中介词in的宾语，用关系代词which引导。故答案为：The child is going through a difficult phase when more care and guidance are needed./The child is going through a difficult phase in which more care and guidance are needed. 3．The house where they lived ten years ago has been rebuilt. (把定语从句改写成简单句) ________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】They lived in the house ten years ago. The house has been rebuilt. 【详解】考查简单句。句意：他们十年前住的房子已经被重建了。原句中定语从句“where they lived ten years ago”修饰“The house”，where作地点状语，拆分后，从句转化为They lived in the house ten years ago.，原句中的主句为The house has been rebuilt。故填They lived in the house ten years ago. The house has been rebuilt. 4．The factory is far from here. My father works in the factory. (合并为含有定语从句的复合句) ________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The factory where my father works is far from here. 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这家工厂离这里很远。我父亲在这家工厂工作。原句为两个简单句，合并时需用关系词引导定语从句修饰先行词，即两个句子的共有名词“the factory”，先行词指地点，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，所以使用关系副词where引导定语从句，置于先行词the factory之后，where代替原句中的“in the factory”，合并后将原句中的in the factory去掉。故填The factory where my father works is far from here. 5．The reason is unknown. He left the company for the reason. (合并为含有定语从句的复合句) ________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The reason why he left the company is unknown. 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：原因不明。他就是因为这个原因离开了公司。先行词 “The reason”，在从句中作原因状语（He left the company for the reason），因此用关系副词 why 引导定语从句。故填The reason why he left the company is unknown. 6．People carry umbrellas in hot summer days. That’s because the hot sun may be harmful to the exposed skin. (句式升级) → .（用The reason why... is that ... 合并句子） 【答案】The reason why people carry umbrellas in hot summer days is that the hot sun may be harmful to the exposed skin 【详解】考查句型转换。句意：人们在炎热的夏天带着雨伞。这是因为烈日可能对裸露的皮肤有害。根据句子要求可知，本句可改成为The reason why people carry umbrellas in hot summer days is that the hot sun may be harmful to the exposed skin，其中why people carry umbrellas in hot summer days为定语从句，that the hot sun may be harmful to the exposed skin为表语从句。故填The reason why people carry umbrellas in hot summer days is that the hot sun may be harmful to the exposed skin. 7．Scientists worked together day and night to rescue the temple because they wanted to preserve it for the next generation. → is that they wanted to preserve it for the next generation. 【答案】The reason why scientists worked together day and night to rescue the temple/The reason for which scientists worked together day and night to rescue the temple 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：科学家们夜以继日地工作抢救这座寺庙的原因是他们想为下一代保存它。分析转换后的句子可知，原句中的原因状语从句转换为that引导的表语从句，此空处应将原句中的主句转换为定语从句修饰先行词the reason，the reason作主语，位于句首，首字母需大写，Scientists worked together day and night to rescue the temple为定语从句修饰the reason，从句中不缺少主语和宾语，先行词the reason表示原因，所以使用关系副词why或者是for which引导的定语从句。故填The reason why scientists worked together day and night to rescue the temple/The reason for which scientists worked together day and night to rescue the temple。 8．Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases. Beginners of English fail to use the language properly in the cases. →Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases . (合并为定语从句) 【答案】where/in which beginners of English fail to use the language properly 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：今天，我们将讨论一些案例。初学英语的人在某些情况下不能正确使用英语。根据句子要求可知，这里需要合成定语从句，先行词为a number of cases，在从句beginners of English fail to use the language properly中作地点状语，所以可用关系副词where或者in which。故填where/in which beginners of English fail to use the language properly。 9．The colorless gas is called oxygen. We can’t live without the gas. (用定语从句合并) ________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The colorless gas is called oxygen without which we can’t live. 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这种无色的气体被称为氧气。没有这种气体我们就无法生存。可以将第二个句子改变为定语从句，先行词是The colorless gas，关系词代替先行词在从句中作without的宾语，可用“介词without+关系代词which”引导定语从句，去掉第二句中的the gas。故答案为The colorless gas is called oxygen without which we can’t live. 10．The house has been pulled down. The world-famous navigator lived in the house 10 years ago. (用定语从句合并句子) →The house the world-famous navigator lived 10 years ago has been pulled down. 【答案】in which/where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：10年前那位世界闻名的航海家居住的房子已经被拆除了。根据空格前后的内容可知，应该是把原题中的第二个句子改为定语从句，对先行词the house进行限定说明，先行词在从句中作地点状语，所以in which或关系副词where引导从句。故填in which/where。 题型一 语篇语法填空(课文改编) Reading Jennifer Jones，a 15-year-old girl，passed out suddenly in her morning PE lesson at Stonechester High School and 1. (rush) to hospital.She was found to have dangerously low blood sugar levels and was treated at once.2. (fortunate)，she is now out of danger.Her doctor says that she will make a full 3. ______________(recover) in a day or two. Jennifer thought that skipping meals would be a simple way 4. (lose) weight.Her friend Laura Williams told the reporter that Jennifer had not eaten breakfast for the last few months and 5. she had trouble concentrating in class.Laura warned Jennifer that 6. (go) without meals was unhealthy，but she refused to listen.It is normal for teenagers to be slightly heavy.However，extremely fat teens are advised to lose weight properly. According to an expert，having a healthy 7. (balance) diet is important for teenagers because they are still growing and their bodies need a lot of nutrition to develop normally.What’s more,8. is strongly suggested by health experts that we 9. (get) plenty of exercise to stay energetic and fit.Living well is 10. _________ safest and most effective way to get into shape. 【答案】1.was rushed 2. Fortunately 3. recovery 4. to lose 5. that 6. going 7. balanced 8. it 9. (should)get 10. the 2. Extended reading “Don’t judge a book by 1. (it) cover，” the old saying 2. (go)．Unfortunately，as a teenager，that is often exactly what you do to yourself and has a negative effect，and it is important 3. (guard) against the causes behind them. Standards of beauty in the media can have a big influence on what you think of your physical appearance.Besides，your friends also influence the way you view your physical appearance.Your friends may post 4. never-ending series of photos online to show off their beautiful dresses or strong bodies，and it becomes easier for you to compare yourself 5. them.This has proved to have a negative effect on what you think of your physical appearance. These external influences are always present，but there 6. (be) certainly ways to deal with them.First of all，be careful not to follow popular beauty standards 7. (blind)．Another tip is to remind yourself 8. ________ you are unique.9. (focus) on your strengths also helps you build your confidence.Finally，it is a good idea to try to direct your attention away from negative thoughts. So judge yourself by what is on the inside，not on the outside because your contents are much 10._______ (important) than your cover. 【答案】1.its 2. goes 3. to guard 4. a 5.to.with 6. are 7. blindly 8. that 9. Focusing 10. more important 题型二 语篇语法填空(模考真题) A （2024-2025学年高一上·湖南邵阳·阶段练习） Jennifer Jones, 15, passed out in her morning PE class yesterday and 1 (rush) to hospital. Fortunately, Jennifer is now out of danger and her doctor says that she will make 2 full recovery in a day or two. In a society 3 being thin is often seen as being beautiful, teenagers sometimes turn 4 extreme methods to slim quickly. Some teenagers even take pills to lose weight, which has proved to be harmful to their health. When they are in class, they often find it hard 5 (concentrate) on their lessons. Health experts say that 6 is normal for teenagers to be slightly overweight. Teenagers are still growing and 7 (they) bodies need a lot of nutrition to function well. 8 they do not take in enough food, they may feel weak and get ill easily. Experts 9 (strong) encourage all teenagers to follow the tips on how to live a healthy life, because living well 10 (be) the safest and most effective way to get into shape. 【答案】1．was rushed 2．a 3．where 4．to 5．to concentrate 6．it 7．their 8．If/When 9．strongly 10．Is 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了15岁女孩Jennifer Jones在体育课上晕倒后被送往医院，以及关于青少年为了减肥而采取的极端方法和对健康的影响的相关信息。 1．考查时态语态。句意：15岁的Jennifer Jones昨天在早上的体育课上晕倒了，随后被紧急送往医院。空处为本句并列谓语，根据“passed out”可知，空处时态为一般过去时；主语为“Jennifer Jones”，单数，和动词“rush”之间为被动关系，用被动语态。故填was rushed。 2．考查冠词。句意：幸运的是，Jennifer现在已经脱离危险，她的医生说，一两天内她就会完全康复。固定短语make a full recovery完全康复，故填a。 3．考查定语从句。句意：在这个以瘦为美的社会中，青少年有时会采取极端的方法来迅速减肥。空处为定语从句的关系词；先行词为“a society”，在定语从句中担当地点状语，用关系副词where引导。故填where。 4．考查固定短语。句意：在这个以瘦为美的社会中，青少年有时会采取极端的方法来迅速减肥。固定短语：turn to，意为“转向”，符合句意。故填to。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：上课时，他们经常发现很难集中精力听课。 find it hard to do，发现很难做某事，故填to concentrate。 6．考查代词。句意：健康专家表示，青少年体重稍微超标是正常的。空处为形式主语，用代词it，代指真正的主语“to be slightly overweight”。故填it。 7．考查代词。句意：青少年仍在长身体，他们的身体需要大量的营养才能正常运作。空处为形容词性物主代词修饰空后的名词“bodies”。故填their。 8．考查状语从句。句意：如果/当他们摄入的食物不够，可能会感到虚弱，并且容易生病。空处为状语从句的引导词，意为“当……时”或“如果”，用when或if引导；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填When或If。 9．考查副词。句意：专家强烈建议所有青少年遵循健康生活的建议，因为良好的生活方式是塑造体型最安全、最有效的方法。修饰动词，用副词形式。故填strongly。 10．考查时态。句意：专家强烈建议所有青少年遵循健康生活的建议，因为良好的生活方式是塑造体型最安全、最有效的方法。空处为从句谓语动词；根据主句时态可知，从句时态为一般现在时；主语为“living well”，单数。故填is。 B Doctors issue caution over rapid weight loss The famous comedian and 1 (actor) Jia Ling has lost 50 kilograms within a year for a film role. It has even become one of the top searches and hot topics online. 2 , doctors warn that such a rapid loss of weight is not 1 (health), and has potential risks. It is possible to lose 50 kilograms in a little over a year, 4 is equal to losing less than 5 kilograms per month, said Chen Qiuxia, the chief nutritionist at Xinhua Hospital of Zhejiang province. She said if one 5 (aim) to lose so much weight in a shorter period, the body might protest. Dr Qu Shen, director of the Shanghai thyroid disease research center, believes such 6 (promote) may mislead the public, 7 (say) “It is a process, which should be in line with 8 (science) and medical rules. Promotion focusing on a famous star’s quick weight loss can have negative effects 9 the public.” According to experts, obesity (肥胖) is a chronic metabolic disease, closely 10 (relate) to many factors such as genetics, the environment and life habits. Intervention is a comprehensive measure, and weight loss should be gradual. 【答案】1．actress 2．However 3．healthy 4．which 5．aims 6．promotion 7．saying 8．scientific 9．on/upon 10．Related 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了医生警示快速减肥不可取，明星案例易误导公众。 1．考查名词。句意：著名喜剧演员兼演员贾玲为了电影角色在一年内减掉了50公斤。根据空格前的并列连词and以及空前的comedian可知，此处需要填入一个与comedian并列的职业名称。 根据Jia Ling可知，贾玲是一个女演员。actress“女演员”，符合句意。故填actress。 2．考查副词。句意：然而，医生警告称如此快速的减重并不健康，且存在潜在风险。上文提到贾玲快速减重成为热门话题，下文则指出医生对此持谨慎态度，前后语义转折，空后有逗号，所以空处需要副词however“然而”，符合语境。故填However。 3．考查形容词。句意：然而，医生警告称如此快速的减重并不健康，且存在潜在风险。空处需要形容词作表语。healthy为形容词“健康的”，符合语境。故填healthy。 4．考查定语从句。句意：浙江省新华医院首席营养师陈秋霞表示，一年左右减掉50公斤是可能的，这相当于每月减重不到5公斤。 分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词“50 kilograms in a little over a year”。先行词指物，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。 5．考查时态。句意：她说，如果有人打算在较短时间内减掉这么多体重，身体可能会抗议。空格处在条件状语从句中作谓语，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语one是第三人称单数形式，因此空格处用第三人称单数。故填aims。 6．考查名词。句意：上海甲状腺疾病研究中心主任曲申（音译）教授认为，这样的宣传可能误导公众，他说：“这是一个过程，应当遵循科学和医学规则。”空格前为such，空格后为may mislead ，说明此处需要填入一个名词作宾语从句的主语。promotion为名词“宣传；推广”，表抽象意义，不可数。故填promotion。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：上海甲状腺疾病研究中心主任曲申教授认为，这样的宣传可能误导公众，他说：“这是一个过程，应当遵循科学和医学规则。”分析句子结构可知，空格处应使用非谓语动词在句中作伴随状语。该动词和其逻辑之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填saying。 8．考查形容词。句意：上海甲状腺疾病研究中心主任曲申教授认为，这样的宣传可能误导公众，他说：“这是一个过程，应当遵循科学和医学规则。”空格前为并列连词and，说明此处需填入一个与形容词medical并列的形容词，共同修饰名词rules作定语。scientific为形容词“科学的”，符合语境。故填scientific。 9．考查固定短语。故句意：专注于明星快速减肥的宣传可能对公众产生负面影响。此处考查固定搭配have negative effects on/upon，意为“对……产生负面影响”。故填on/upon。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：据专家介绍，肥胖是一种慢性代谢性疾病，与遗传、环境和生活习惯等多种因素密切相关。be related to“和……相关”。空处为非谓语，所以省略be，用过去分词作后置定语。故填related。 C With more and more children being overweight, we need to find 1 (create) ways to encourage them to develop healthy habits. How do you inspire teens to lose weight? Overweight teens bear a heavy burden. Being overweight affects their 2 (popular), self-esteem, ability to make friends — everything important to a teenager. Bruce, son of dietitian Anne, describes his anxiety about being overweight. He was worried about 3 clothes made him look fat. When he finally lost weight, he felt that a huge burden 4 (lift). At her STAR (Service for At-Risk Teens) Clinic, Anne finds that overweight kids are at risk for depression, poor self-image, and lack of friendship. Teens can’t succeed at weight loss alone. They need helpful parents, who create healthy home environments and serve 5 good role models. When parents succeed at weight loss, their children are more likely 6 (succeed) as well. She suggests 7 (turn) off the television and limiting computer time. Studies show kids spending hours in front of screens are more inactive and that they have a strong tendency to be snacking 8 (mindless) while sitting. She also says parents may need some additional guidance to help overweight teens get to the stage 9 they are ready to lose weight. Health care professionals can provide valuable 10 (suggest) that teens will listen to, as well as support for both parents and teens. 【答案】1．creative 2．popularity 3．that 4．lifted 5．as 6．to succeed 7．turning 8．mindlessly 9．where 10．Suggestions 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章通过实例给父母建议如何鼓励青少年减肥。 1．考查形容词。句意：随着越来越多的孩子超重，我们需要找到创造性的方法来鼓励他们养成健康的习惯。修饰名词ways应用其形容词。故填creative。 2．考查名词。句意：超重会影响他们的受欢迎程度、自尊心、交友能力——这些对青少年来说都很重要。物主代词their限定名词，应用名词popularity(不可数)作宾语。故填popularity。 3．考查宾语从句。句意：他担心衣服使他看起来很胖。分析可知，此处引导宾语从句，从句中意义完整，故用没有实际意义的that引导。故填that。 4．考查时态。句意：当他终于减肥时，他觉得一个巨大的负担消失了。根据前文felt可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时。动词lift“消散，消失”是不及物动词，不用被动语态，应用过去式作谓语，故填lifted。 5．考查介词。句意：他们需要有帮助的父母，父母要创造健康的家庭环境，并成为好榜样。serve as“充当，成为”是固定搭配，符合句意。故填as。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：当父母减肥成功时，他们的孩子也更有可能成功。be likely to do sth“有可能做某事”是固定句型。故填to succeed。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：她建议关掉电视，限制电脑时间。动词suggest后应用动名词作宾语。故填turning。 8．考查副词。句意：研究表明，在屏幕前呆上几个小时的孩子更不活跃，而且他们坐着的时候更容易无意识地吃零食。修饰动词snacking用副词。故填mindlessly。 9．考查定语从句。句意：她还说，父母可能需要一些额外的指导来帮助超重的青少年达到他们准备减肥的阶段。此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为stage，从句中结构完整，应用关系副词where引导从句，作地点状语。故填where。 10．考查名词。句意：卫生保健专业人员可以提供青少年愿意听取的有价值的建议，以及对父母和青少年的支持。动词provide后应用其名词suggestion作宾语，suggestion为可数名词，零冠词复数表泛指。故填suggestions。 ( 17 / 17 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$