U2 简单句并列句和复合句-2025-2026学年高中英语必修一语法知识点全解（译林版）

高中译林版 【语法专版】 必修1U2核心语法 语法精讲 【专题】简单句、并列句和复合句 译林版必修1Unit2核心语法 考频分析 译林版必修1-U2中，简单句、并列句和复合句是重点语法模块，考频占句法总量的30%左右，贯 穿试卷所有核心题型：单项选择3-4题、完形填空4-5题、语法填空3-4题、书面表达核心考察，直 接影响句子结构的合理性与逻辑的连贯性。在语境理解类题目中，句子类型的判断及连接词的选用 往往是解题关键。 考查内容 ·简单句：五种基本句型（主谓、主谓宾、主谓双宾、主谓宾宾补、主系表）的构成与识别 。并列句：并列连词(and、but、or、so等)的语义辨析及句子连接 。复合句：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句）、定语从句、状语从句的引 导词选用与句法功能 知识点一：简单句、并列句和复合句的结构及用法 1.简单句（只有一个主谓结构) 1.基本句型 ·主谓(S+V)、主谓宾(S+V+O)、主系表(S+Linking V+P)、主谓双宾(S+V+IO+DO)、主谓宾 补(S+V+O+C) 2.例句： 。She sings.(主谓) 。We love China.(主谓宾) ●The flowers are beautiful.(主系表) ·My mother gave me a gift.(主谓双宾) ·I found the story interesting..(主谓宾补) 高中译林版 【语法专版】 必修1-U2核心语法 2.并列句（两个或以上简单句用并列连词连接） 1.常见并列连词：and(和，顺承)、but(但是，转折)、or(或者，选择)、s0(所以，结果) 2.例句： ·He likes reading and he often goes to the library..(and表顺承) 。She is tired but she still works hard.(but表转折) 。You can stay here or you can leave..(or表选择) 。It rained heavily so we stayed at home.(so表结果) 3.复合句（包含一个主句和一个或以上从句） 1.状语从句：when(当.时)、because(因为)、if(如果) 例句：I will call you when I arrive.(时间状语从句) He didn't go to school because he was ill..(原因状语从句) 2.定语从句：which(指物)、who(指人)、where(指地点) 例句：The book which I bought yesterday is interesting.(which引导定语从句修饰book) 3.名词性从句：that(无意义)、what(什么)、how(如何) 例句：What he said is true.(主语从句) I don't know where she lives.(宾语从句) 知识点二：简单句、并列句和复合句的结构与用法 1.简单句（只有一个主谓结构的句子) 1.基本结构：主谓(S+V)、主谓宾(S+V+O)、主系表(S+Lik.V+P)、主谓双宾(S+V+IO+DO)、主 谓宾补(S+V+O+C) 2.例句： ·Birds sing.(主谓，sing为不及物动词) ●She likes music.（主谓宾，like为及物动词，music作宾语) ●The flowers are beautiful..(主系表，are为系动词，beautiful作表语) ·My mother bought me a gift.(主谓双宾，me间接宾语，a gift直接宾语) 。e made the classroom clean.(主谓宾补，clean补充说明宾语classroom) 2.并列句（由并列连词连接两个或多个简单句） 1.常用并列连词：nd(和，表并列/顺承)、but(但是，表转折)、or(或者/否则，表选择/条件)、so (所以，表结果)、for(因为，表原因，不用于句首) 高中译林版 【语法专版】 必修1-U2核心语法 2.例句： ·I like coffee and my sister likes tea.(and表并列) 。He tried hard but he failed the exam.(but表转折) 。Hurry up,or you will miss the bus.(or表否则) ·She was ill,so she didn't go to school..(so表结果) ·I didn't buy the book,for it was too expensive.(for表原因) 3.复合句（包含一个主句和一个或多个从句) 1.宾语从句：主句+从属连词(that//if/whether/特殊疑问词)+陈述句语序 例句：Iknow(that)she is a student He asked if I would go with him. They are talking about where to have dinner. 2.状语从句： 时间状语从句(when/while/as/until/since) 例句：I was reading when he came in. 条件状语从句(if/unless) 例句：If it rains tomorrow,we will stay at home. 原因状语从句(because/since/as) 例句：He didn't attend the meeting because he was ill, 3.定语从句： 关系代词：that(指人W物)、which(指物)、who(指人)、whom(宾格)、whose(所属) 例句：This is the book that I bought yesterday. The girl who is standing there is my friend. 关系副词：when(时间)、where(地点)、why(原因) 例句：I still remember the day when we first met 知识点三：简单句、并列句和复合句的结构与用法 1.简单句 1.基本句型： 主谓(S+V)→例句：The sun rises. 主谓宾(S+V+O)→例句：She loves English. 主系表(S+Linking V+P)→例句：He is a student.. 主谓双宾(S+V+IO+DO)→例句：My mother gave me a gift. 主谓宾宾补(S+V+O+C)→例句：We made him happy 2.并列句 3 高中译林版 【语法专版】 必修1U2核心语法 1.常用并列连词： and(表并列/顺承)一→例句：I like coffee and she likes tea. but(表转折)→例句：He is young but he works hard. or(表选择)→例句：Hurry up,or you will be late. so(表结果)→例句：It rained heavily,,so we stayed at home.. for(表原因)→例句：I didn't go out,.for I was tired.. 3.复合句 1.状语从句分类： 时间状语从句(when/while/until)→例句：I was reading when he came in. 条件状语从句(if/unless)→例句：If it rains tomorrow,we will stay at home. 原因状语从句(because/since)→例句：He didn't go to school because he was ill.. 结果状语从句(so.that.)→例句：He is so clever that he solves the problem easily. 让步状语从句(though/although)→例句：Although it was cold,he went out without a coat. 考法精析 考法一：非谓语动词作状语辨析 核心：根据非谓语动词与逻辑主语的关系（主动/被动）及动作发生时间（同时/先后），选择正确的 非谓语形式(todo/doing/done) 真题1（语法填空)： _(see)from the top of the mountain,the city looks more beautiful 答案：Seen 解析：非谓语动词see与逻辑主语the city是被动关系（城市被看），故用过去分词seem作状语。 真题2（完形填空)： He stood there_(wait)for the bus for half an hour. A.wait B.waiting C.waited D.to wait 答案：B 解析：非谓语动词wait与逻辑主语he是主动关系（他等待），且动作与stood同时发生，故用现在 分词waiting作伴随状语。 考法二：非谓语动词与状语从句转换 核心：当主从句主语一致时，将时间、原因、条件等状语从句转换为非谓语动词（现在分词、过去 分词、动词不定式)作状语 真题1（语法填空)： 高中译林版 【语法专版】 必修1-U2核心语法 (hear)the good news,she jumped with joy.(提示：原句为'When she heard the good news.”) 答案：Hearing 解析：原句是时间状语从句，主从句主语均为”she”,且”hear'与主语是主动关系，故转换为现在分 词Hearing作状语。 真题2（单选题)： -to pass the exam,he stayed up late studying last night. A.Want B.Wanting C.To want D.Wanted 答案：B 解析：句意为”为了通过考试，他昨晚熬夜学习'。原句可还原为原因/目的状语从句'Because he wanted to pass the exam..”,主从句主语一致，"want'与主语he”是主动关系，故用现在分词Wanting作状 语表原因：不定式表目的时通常不置于句首且无需逗号隔开，故排除C。 考法三：三大从句的综合识别与转换 核心：区分定语从句、状语从句和名词性从句的结构特征，掌握从句与非谓语动词的转换规则 真题1（单项选择）： The girl_is standing under the tree is my best friend.She always helps me I am in trouble A.who:when B.which;if C.whom;because D.that;so 答案：A 解析：第一空考查定语从句，先行词'the girl'”指人且在从句中作主语，用关系代词who;第二空考 查时间状语从句，”当我遇到困难时”用when引导，符合语境。 真题2（语法填空）： I still remember the day we first met._(hear)the news that our team won,we all jumped with joy. 答案：when;Hearing 解析：第一空考查定语从句，先行词'the day''表时间，用关系副词when:第二空考查状语从句转 换，主从句主语一致，将时间状语从句When we heard'转换为现在分词Hearing作状语。 解题小妙招 非谓语作状辨关系，主动doing被动done: 动作先后看时间，同时进行用doing: 主从主语若一致，状从可转为非谓： 现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动： 目的状语不定式，句首逗号要注意： 非谓从句综合考，先辨主从再定词： 主动关系用doing,定语从句看先行： 高中译林版 【语法专版】 必修1U2核心语法 指人用who指物which,地点状语用where。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题 1.English well,we need to practice every day. A.Learn B.Learning C.To learn D.Learned 2.The girl_in red is my sister. A.dress B.dressing C.dressed D.to dress 3.I don't know he will arrive tomorrow. A.that B.if C.what D.how 4.This is the parkwe met for the first time. A.which B.where C.who D.when 5.by the teacher,he felt very happy. A.Praise B.Praising C.Praised D.To praise 6.The news_our team won the game made us excited. A.that B.what C.which D.where 7.He asked me I could help him with his homework. A.that B.if C.what D.who 8.the heavy rain,we had to stay at home. A.Because B.Because of C.As D.Since 9.The book I bought yesterday is very interesting A.who B.whom C.which D.whose 10.She wants_a doctor when she grows up A.be B.being C.to be D.been 演练二：填空试题 1.I enjoy(listen)to music in my free time. 2.He told me_(not tell)anyone about the secret. 3.The girl(stand)over there is my best friend. 4.This is the first time I(visit)Beijing 5.I don't know he will come or not. 6.She was so tired that she fell asleep while_(read). 6 高中译林版 【语法专版】 必修1U2核心语法 7.The teacher asked us_we had finished our homework 8.(learn)English well is important for us. 9.The house_we live in is very old. 10.He was late for school because he(miss)the bus. 演练三：语法填空试题 Last Sunday,I decided to go to the park with my friends.On the way,we saw a girl(cry)under a tree.We went up to her and asked what-(happen).She told us she had lost her way.We decided(help)her find her parents.While(look)for her parents,we met a policeman-toldus he hadreceived a call about a lost girl.Finally,we found her parents,-were very grateful to us.It was getting late,so we said goodbye to them and went to the park.Although we didn't play in the park,we felt very happy because we had helped someone in need.This experience taught mehelping others can bring us happiness.I will never forget the day I spent with my friends helping the little girl. 答案区 演练-：1.C2.C3B4B5.C6.A7.B8B9.C10.C 1.listening 2.not to tell 3.standing 4.have visited 5.whether 6.reading 7.if/whether 8.To learn 9.which/that 10.had missed 演练三：1.crying2.had happened3.to help4.looking5.who6.who7.that8.which/that 7