冠词：定冠词和零冠词-2025-2026学年高中英语必修一语法知识点全解（外研版）

高中必修1外研版 【语法专版】 A版知识点全解 语法专版 【专题】冠词：定冠词和零冠词 高中外研版必修1语法专项突破 考频分析 高一外研版必修1中，冠词是基础语法模块，考频占词法总量的15%左右，涉及试卷多个核心题 型：单项选择(1-2题)、完形填空(2-3题)、语法填空(2-3题)、书面表达（基础考察，影响名词 搭配的规范性)。在语境理解类题目中，定冠词表特指与零冠词的固定搭配往往是解题关键。 考查内容 。定冠词h的用法：特指某（些）人或事物、双方都知道的人或事物、上文提到过的人或事物、用 于世界上独一无二的事物前、用于序数词和最高级前等 ·零冠词的用法：复数名词表示泛指时、不可数名词表示泛指时、专有名词前、季节月份星期节日前、 三餐球类运动前等 知识点一：冠词：定冠词和零冠词 1.定冠词(the,表特指或双方已知) 1.用法： ·特指某（些）人或事物 ·指前文提到过的人或事物 。用在世界上独一无二的事物前 ·用在序数词、形容词最高级前 2.例句： 。The book on the desk is mine.(特指桌上的书) 。The sun rises in the east.(世界独一无二事物) 2.零冠词（不用冠词，表泛指或固定搭配） 1.用法： 高中必修1外研版 【语法专版】A版知识点全解 。指一类人或事物的复数名词前 。学科、语言、球类运动等名词前 ·星期、月份、季节等名词前 ·三餐、节日等名词前 2.例句： ●Students should study hard.(泛指学生) ·We play basketball every afternoon.(球类运动) 知识点二：定冠词和零冠词的用法区别 1.定冠词the的基本用法 1.特指某（些）人或事物（双方已知或上文提到过) ●例句：The book on the desk is mine.（桌上的那本书是我的，特指桌上的书) ·例句：He bought a pen yesterday.The pen is red.(上文提到过的钢笔，第二次提到用the) 2.用于世界上独一无二的事物前 。例句：The sun rises in the east.（太阳是独一无二的天体) ·例句：We live on the earth.(地球是独一无二的星球) 3.用于序数词、形容词最高级前 ●例句：She is the first student to arrive.(序数词first前用the) ·例句：This is the most interesting story I've ever heard.(最高级most interesting前用the) 4.用于乐器、姓氏复数前（表一家人） ·例句：He plays the piano very well..(乐器piano前用the) 。例句：The Greens are having dinner now.(姓氏Green复数表一家人，前用the) 2.零冠词（不用冠词）的基本用法 1.用于复数名词、不可数名词表示泛指（一类人或事物） 。例句：Dogs are loyal animals.(复数名词dogs泛指狗这一类动物) ·例句：Water is necessary for life.(不可数名词water泛指水这一物质) 2.用于专有名词（人名、地名、国名等)前 ·例句：Tom is from America.（人名Tom、国名America前不用冠词) 。例句：Beijing is the capital of China.(地名Beijing、国名China前不用冠词) 2 高中必修1外研版 【语法专版】 A版知识点全解 3.用于三餐、球类运动前 。例句：We have breakfast at7am.(三餐breakfast前不用冠词) 。例句：He often plays basketball after school.(球类运动basketball前不用冠词) 4.用于学科、语言、季节、月份、星期前 。例句：Math is my favorite subject.(学科Math前不用冠词) ·例句：She speaks English fluently.(语言English前不用冠词) 。例句：Spring is a beautiful season.(季节Spring前不用冠词) ·例句：We will have a test on Monday.(星期Monday前不用冠词) 3.定冠词与零冠词的易混点对比 1.特指vs泛指： 。特指（用the):The students in Class 1 are reading.(特指一班的学生） ●泛指（零冠词）：Students should study hard.(泛指所有学生) 2.独一无二事物Vs普通名词： 。独一无二（用the):The moon moves around the earth.(月亮、地球是独一无二的） ◆普通名词（零冠词）：Moon cakes are eaten on Mid-Autumn Festival.(mooncakes是普通名词复数， 泛指月饼) 3.固定搭配差异： ●用the:in the morning(在早上，固定短语)、by the way(顺便说一下) 。零冠词：at noon(在中午)、at night(在晚上)、go to school(去上学) 知识点三：零冠词的使用场景 1.表示泛指的复数名词或不可数名词前（中考必背） 1.复数名词表类别→例句：Dogs are loyal animals.（狗是忠诚的动物。) 2.不可数名词表泛指→例句：Water is important for life.(水对生命很重要。) 3.学科名称→例句：Math is my favorite subject.(数学是我最喜欢的科目。) 4.三餐名称→例句：We have breakfast at7a.m.(我们早上7点吃早餐。) 2.表示职位、身份的名词作表语或补语时（中考易错) l.职位名词前→例句：He was elected president of the club.(他被选为俱乐部主席。) 3 高中必修1外研版 【语法专版】 A版知识点全解 2.身份名词前→例句：She worked as nurse in the hospital.(她在医院当护士。) 3.与by连用的交通工具名称前（中考常考） 1.by+交通工具→例句：My father goes to work by car.(我爸爸开车上班。) 2.by+抽象交通方式→例句：We travel by air during the holiday..(我们假期乘飞机旅行。) 4.固定搭配中的零冠词（中考核心） 1.at home（在家)→例句：She usually reads books at home..(她通常在家看书。) 2.go to school(去上学)→例句：Children go to school from Monday to Friday.(孩子们周一到周五去 上学。) 3.in bed(卧床)→例句：He was ill and stayed in bed for three days..(他生病了，卧床三天。) 4.play chess(下棋)→例句：They often play chess after dinner.(他们晚饭后经常下棋。) 考法精析 考法一：不定冠词a/an的用法辨析 核心：根据单词开头的音素（而非字母）判断使用a还是an,区分辅音音素与元音音素开头的单词 真题1（语法填空)： There is_university in our city.It is very famous for its medical school. 答案：a 解析：university虽以字母u开头，但发音以辅音音素ju:/开头，故用不定冠词a。 真题2（完形填空）： My mother bought me_useful dictionary andinteresting storybook yesterday. A.a an B.an a C.a a D.an an 答案：A 解析：useful以辅音音素/ju:/开头，用a:interesting以元音音素/i开头，用an,故选A。 考法二：冠词综合应用辨析 核心：根据名词类型、语境特指泛指含义及固定搭配规则，判断定冠词、不定冠词或零冠词的正确 使用 真题1（语法填空）： _Smiths are planning to visit_Great Wall during_summer vacation 答案：The the the 高中必修1外研版 【语法专版】 A版知识点全解 解析：第一空姓氏复数前加定冠词表一家人：第二空世界独一无二的专有名词前用定冠词：第三 空特指双方已知的暑假，用定冠词表特指。 真题2（完形填空）： My brother plays-piano very well and he often goes to_school bybike. A.the// B.a the a C.the the/ D.//the 答案：A 解析：第一空乐器名词前用定冠词：第二空固定搭配”g0 to school'”表上学用零冠词：第三空by叶交 通工具”结构用零冠词。 考法三：定冠词与零冠词的综合语境辨析 核心：结合泛指/特指、固定搭配及语境场景，判断定冠词(th)与零冠词的正确使用 真题1（单项选择)： sun rises in_east and sets in_west. AA The B/The The C The thethe D The thethe 答案：A 解析：世界上独一无二的事物(sun)前用定冠词the;方位名词(east,west)前需用定冠词the,因 此三空均填The。 真题2（语法填空）： We usually have breakfast at 7:00 a.m.Then I go toschool and playbasketball with friends after class. 答案：/11 解析：三餐(breakfast)、固定搭配(go to school)和球类运动(basketball)前均用零冠词。 解题小妙招 冠词使用妙招 不定冠词看音素，辅音a来元音an: 定冠词要表特指，专有名词常相伴： 姓氏复数加the表家人，乐器前面the别忘： 零冠词用在固定搭，球类三餐和学校： by加交通不加冠，泛指可数单需冠。 高中必修1外研版 【语法专版】 A版知识点全解 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.She wants to beengineer when she grows up. Aa B an Cthe D/ 2.There is_"h"in the word"hour"and it makes/ao/sound. Aa;an B an;a Can;an Da;a 3.Browns are going to visit Forbidden City next month. A The;the BA;the C The;/ D/;the 4.My sister plays-violin every evening and she is good atmusic. A the;/ B/;the Ca;/ D the;the 5.We usually havebreakfast at 7:00 a.m.and then go toschool by_bike. A5:1 B the;/a C a;the;/ D/;the;the 6.old should be respected,andyoung should learn from them. A The;the BAn;a C:/ DA;the 6 高中必修1外研版 【语法专版】A版知识点全解 7.He bought useful book andinteresting magazine yesterday. Aa;a B an;an Ca;an Dan;a 8.sun rises in_east and sets in west. AA;the;the B The;/;/ C The;the;the D/;the;the 9.My father goes towork by_car,but today he rodebike. A/;,a B the;a;the C/;the;/ Dthe;/;a 10.She was elected_monitor of our class last week. Aa B an Cthe D/ 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.I needpen to writeletter to my friend. 2.Smiths are havingdinner in the living room now. 3.He plays-piano very well but he doesn't like playing-football. 4.We will visit Great Wall duringNational Day holiday. 5.There is university andhospital in this town. 6.-old man undertree is my grandfather 7 高中必修1外研版 【语法专版】 A版知识点全解 7.She goes to_school at 8:00 a.m.and comes back atnoon. 8.moon moves aroundearth. 9.My mother often goes shopping bybus,but sometimes she drivescar. 10.He wants to be_astronaut when he grows up. 演练三：语法填空试题（一篇文章） My friend Tom is-(1)student in(2)senior high school.He is interested in music andplays-(3)guitar very well.Every morning,he goes to(4)school by_(5)bike.Last Sunday,he went to(6)concert with his parents.(7)concert was held in_(8)biggest hall in our city.After(9)concert,they had (10)dinner at a famous restaurant. 答案区 演练-：1B2.C3.A4.A5.A6.A7.C8.C9.A10.D 演练二：1.a;a2.The,/3.the;/4.he;/5.aa6.The;the7/,/8.The;the9./,a10.an 演练三：1.a2.a3.the4./5./6.a7.The8.the9.the10./ 8