UNIT 8 SECTION Ⅴ LESSON 3-【创新教程】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第三册五维课堂教师用书word（北师大版）

本讲义以《海底两万里》选段为核心，系统梳理词汇（如desperation, sink）、短语（in desperation, hold onto）及句型（so...that..., though倒装, as if从句），构建“文本输入-语言解析-练习巩固”的学习支架，衔接阅读能力与语言知识应用。 该资料以经典文学文本为载体，融合语言能力与文化意识培养，通过“四翼”考查（基础性词汇填空、应用性完成句子）提升学习能力，练习题从单句语法到语篇阅读，助力思维品质发展。课中辅助文本分析与句型教学，课后通过分层练习帮助学生查漏补缺，强化语言综合运用能力。

SECTION Ⅴ　LESSON 3 [教材原文] The crash was so violent that I have no clear recollection of falling from the boat. Might I hope to be saved? The darkness was intense. I saw a black mass disappearing in the east. It was the boat! I was lost. “Help，help！”I shouted，swimming towards the boat in desperation .I was sinking！I couldn't breathe! “Help！” My mouth filled with water；I struggled against being drawn deeper, deeper down. Suddenly I felt myself quickly drawn up to the surface of the sea；and I heard these words：“If master would be so good as to hold onto my shoulder, master would swim with much greater ease.” I grabbed my faithful Conseil's arm with one hand. “Is it you？” said I. “Myself，”answered Conseil. “That crash threw you as well as me into the sea？” “No；but，being in my master's service，I followed him.” Conseil was cool and calm. Nevertheless，our situation was no less terrible. Near one o'clock in the morning, I suddenly felt terribly tired. Conseil had to keep me up，and our preservation depended on him alone.“Leave me! Leave me！” I said to him. “Never！” replied he.“I would drown first.” “Help! Help！”cried Conseil. It seemed to me as if a cry answered him. There was no mistake！A human voice responded to ours! Then, I know not why, the thought of the strange, terrible animal came into my head for the first time！But that voice! I had almost no strength left；my fingers could hardly move; my mouth，opening and closing, filled with salt water. I became colder and colder. I raised my head for the last time，then I sank. At this moment a hard body struck me.I held onto it；then I felt that I was being drawn up, that I was brought to the surface of the water，that my chest collapsed－my eyes closed，unconscious.I soon woke up，and half opened my eyes.I saw a face which I immediately recognised.“Ned！”I cried. “The same，sir！”replied the Canadian. “Were you thrown into the sea when the boat crashed？” “Yes，Professor，but more fortunate than you，I was able to find safety almost immediately upon this island in the sea.Or，more correctly speaking，on this large whale.Only I soon found out why my weapon had not entered its skin，but bounced off.” “Why，Ned，why？” “Because that creature is made of steel.”I moved myself quickly to the top of the being，and kicked it.It was evidently a hard，solid body.The black back that supported me was smooth，polished，nothing like an animal. The blow produced a sound of metal；and，incredible though it may be，it seemed as if it was made of metal plates.This monster was a human construction.We were lying upon the back of a sort of underwater boat.I searched all over the outside for an opening，a hole，but found nothing.At last this long night passed.Daybreak appeared.Suddenly a noise came from inside the boat.One iron plate was moved，a man appeared，uttered an odd cry，and disappeared immediately.Some moments after，eight strong men，their faces covered，appeared noiselessly，and drew us down into their incredible machine. [汉语译文] 　　 撞击实在是太猛烈(violent)了，我不清楚(recollection)自己是怎么从船上摔下来的。我会被救起吗？夜色沉黑，我仿佛看到一大块黑东西在东方渐渐消失了。那是我们的船！我被丢下了。 “救命啊，救命啊！”我大喊着，绝望(desperation)地朝船游去。我要沉下(sink)去了！透不过气了！“救命啊！”海水灌进嘴里，我挣扎着不被淹没。突然，我感觉自己被快速地拉出水面，我听见有人说：“如果主人能抓牢我的肩膀，主人会游得轻松(ease)很多。”我用一只手抓住(grab)忠仆康塞尔(Conseil)的胳膊。 “是你吗？”我问。 “正是我。”康塞尔回答。 “你也是因为刚才的撞击掉下来的？” “不是。为了服侍先生，我就跟着下来了。” 康塞尔很冷静。不过(nevertheless)，我们的处境仍旧很糟糕。将近凌晨一点，我突然感到极度疲惫。康塞尔不得不托着我，保全(preservation)我们两个人生命的重担全落在他一人身上。“放开我吧！别管我了！”我对他说。 “不行！要沉下去也是我先沉下去(drown)。”他答道。 “救命啊！救命啊！”康塞尔喊道。我似乎隐约听到有人哭着回应。没错！是有个人在大声回应我们！然后，不知道为什么我第一次想到那个奇怪的、可怕的动物！可是那是个人声不假！我的力气已经消耗殆尽，手指变得僵硬；我的嘴一张一合，灌满了又咸又苦的海水，我越来越冷。我最后一次抬起头来，之后便沉了下去。 就在这时，一个坚硬的东西撞(strike)了我一下。我紧紧地抓住了它；接着，我觉得有人往上拉我，把我拉出了水面，我的胸部(chest)不胀了——眼睛紧闭，失去了知觉(unconscious)。我很快就苏醒过来，半睁开眼睛。看到一张面孔立马就认了出来。“奈德(Ned)”我喊道。 “正是我，先生！”加拿大人答道。 “你也是撞击时坠入海里的吗？” “是的，教授，但情形比您好一些，我落水后不久就脱险了，遇到了海里的这个小岛。或者更准确地说，是在这条大鲸(whale)身上。不过，我很快就明白了，为什么武器(weapon)刺不穿它的皮肤，而是被弹(bounce)开。” “为什么呢，奈德，究竟是为什么呢？” “因为这个生物是钢铁(steel)做的。”我迅速地爬到了它(being)的上面，踢了一脚。显然(evidently)，这是一个坚硬、结实的(solid)物体。在我脚下黑色的背脊精光(polished)溜滑，一点也不像动物。撞击时，这东西发出金属的声音；虽然听起来不可思议，但它似乎是用金属板制成的。这个怪物是人造(construction)的。我们正躺在一只潜水船的背上。我四处查找，试图找到开口、气孔，但什么也没有。终于，漫漫长夜过去了，天亮(daybreak)了。突然船内传来一阵响声，一块钢板被掀了起来，出来一个人。这人怪叫一声(utter)，立刻又消失不见了。过了一会儿，八个壮汉蒙着脸，一声不响地出现了，把我们拖进了他们那不可思议的机器里。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 ●基础单词 1．　league　 n. 里格(旧时长度单位，相当于3英里或3海里)；体育运动联合会，联赛；联盟，同盟 2．　sink　 vi.&vt. 下沉，沉没 3．　grab　 vt. 攫取，抓住 4．　nevertheless　 adv. 然而，不过；尽管如此 5．　strike　 vt.&vi. 打，击，撞；突然发生不幸；n.罢工；打击 6．　chest　 n. 胸部，胸膛 7．　being　 n. 生物(尤指人)；诞生，出现；存在 8．　weapon　 n. 武器，兵器；凶器 9．　bounce　 vt.&vi. (使)弹起，(使)反弹 10．　daybreak　 n. 黎明，破晓 ●拓展单词 1．　desperation　 n．绝命；拼命，不顾一切→　desperate　 adj.拼命的，不顾一切的；绝望的；孤注一掷的；渴望的 2．　ease　 n. 轻易，毫不费劲→　easy　 adj.容易的；轻易的；舒适的，安逸的 3．　preservation　 n．维护；保护；保持，维持；保存→　preserve　 v．保护；维护；保留 4．　evident　 adj.明显的，清楚的→　evidence　 n．证据，证明→evidently adv.明显地，显然地 5．　polish　 vt.擦亮，磨光；润饰，润色→　polished　 adj. 擦亮的，磨光的；精湛的；精制的 6．　construct　 vt. 建筑，修建，建造→　construction　 n．建筑物；建造物；建造，建筑 1．　in_desperation　 处于绝望之中 2．　depend_on　 依靠，依赖 3．　struggle_against　 与……抗争 4．　as_well_as　 也，和 5．　hold_onto　 抓紧；不放开 6．　wake_up　 醒来，唤醒，弄醒 1．so ...that ...引导的结果状语从句。 The crash was so violent that I have no clear recollection of falling from the boat. 撞击实在是太猛烈了，我不清楚自己是怎么从船上摔下来的。 2．though 引导的部分倒装结构。 The blow produced a sound of metal; and, incredible though it may be ... 撞击时，这东西发出金属的声音；虽然听起来不可思议…… 3．as if＝as though引导表语从句和方式状语从句。 ...it seemed as if it was made of metal plates. ……但它似乎是由金属板制成的。 Choose the best answers according to the text. 1．What's the relationship between the professor and Conseil? A．Colleagues. B．Opponents. C．Teacher and student. D．Master and servant. 2．What kind of person is Conseil? A．Brave, calm, ambitious. B．Cool, calm, faithful. C．Timid, selfish, cruel. D．Cool, positive, devoted. 3．The creature refers to 　________　. A．a whale　　　　　 　B．a underwater boat C．a solid body 　D．metal plates 4．Where do you think the continuation of the story happened? A．Inside the machine. 　B．Under the sea. C．On metal plates. 　D．Inside a whale. 5．Who saved “I”？ A．The god.　　　　　 　B．A sailor. C．A fisherman. 　D．Ned. 答案： 1～5 DBBAD 1．desperation n．绝望；拼命，不顾一切 (1)in desperation 在走投无路的情况下；绝望地 (2)desperate adj. 拼命的；绝望的；非常需要；渴望；很危急的 be desperate for sth. 非常需要某物 be desperate to do sth. 极想做某事 in desperate need of 急需 (3)desperately adv. 绝望地，拼命地 ◆[经典佳句] In desperation, she called Louise and asked for her help. 在走投无路的情况下，她给路易丝打了个电话请她帮忙。 The children are in desperate need of love and attention. 这些孩子非常需要爱心和关怀。 ◆[“四翼”考查]——基础性 单句语法填空 ①After ten years of hard study, he is desperate 　to_pass　 (pass) the College Entrance Examination and enter an ideal university. ②The increasing poverty, crime and war tell us that the world is in desperate need 　of　 true love. ③There may be something missing in your life that you 　desperately　 (desperate) want. ◆[“四翼”考查]——应用性 完成句子 ④The man lost in the desert 　was_desperate_for_water　. 在沙漠中迷失方向的人极度渴望得到水。 2．sink vi.&vt. (使)下沉，(使)沉没；太阳落下 sink back 重重地往后坐下 sink down 下降；降低 sink into 陷入 sink in 渗入；完全被理解 ◆[经典佳句] She sank back，unwilling to face her father's anger. 她坐了回去，不愿面对父亲的怒火。 Don't let the coffee sink into the carpet；wipe it up. 别让咖啡渗进地毯里；把它擦干净。 ◆[“四翼”考查]——基础性 单句语法填空 ①The flames at last sank 　down　 and the fire went out. ②Don't allow yourself to sink 　into　 grief；it can do no good. ③They tried in every possible way to rescue the 　sinking　(sink) boat. ◆[“四翼”考查]——应用性 完成句子 ④The sun 　in_sinking_in_the_west　(正西下)． ⑤Her head 　sank_down　 (垂下)，and tears welled up in her eyes. 3．ease n．轻易，毫不费劲；安逸；舒适 vt.减轻(痛苦、忧虑) (1)with ease＝easily 轻易地；毫不费力地 feel/look at ease 感到/看上去心情放松 put sb. at (their) ease 使某人放松 at ease 舒适；快活；自由自在 take one's ease 休息；轻松一下 (2)ease sb. of sth. 减轻某人的(痛苦、负担等) ◆[经典佳句] He finished his task with ease. 他轻松地完成了任务。 The medicine eased the boy of his headache. 这药减轻了男孩的头痛。 ◆[“四翼”考查]——基础性 单句语法填空 ①I never feel 　at　 ease in his company. ②She won the 400m race 　with　 ease. ③She had an ability to put people 　at　 their ease. ◆[“四翼”考查]——创新性 句式升级 He eased himself of anxiety and felt at ease. ④→　Easing_himself_of_anxiety　， he felt at ease.(动词­ing形式短语作状语) ⑤→　Eased_of_anxiety　， he felt at ease.(动词­ed形式短语作状语) 4．preservation n．维护；保护；保持，维持；保存 preserve vt. 保存；保留 n. 保护区 preserve ...from ... 保护……免于…… preserve the public order/the world peace 维护公共秩序/世界和平 be well preserved 保存完好 ◆[经典佳句] Believe it or not, ancient Chinese people had their own methods of heat preservation in winter. 信不信由你，中国古人在冬天有他们自己的保温方法。 ◆[名师点津]　preserve与reserve词形相似，但reserve 意为“保留；预订”。 ◆[“四翼”考查]——基础性 单句语法填空 ①Although it has been buried underground for over 1,000 years, the ancient queen's body remains well 　preserved　 (preserve)． ②The paintings were in an excellent state of 　preservation　 (preserve), which are of great value to our study. ③The organization was set up to preserve endangered species 　from　 extinction. ◆[“四翼”考查]——应用性 完成句子 ④I think these traditional customs 　should_be_preserved　. 我认为应该保存这些传统习俗。 5．strike vi.& vt.打，击，撞；突然发生不幸；突然想到 n．罢工；打击 (1)sth. strikes sb. 某人突然想起某事 it strikes sb. that .../to do ... 某人突然想到…… strike sb. in/on the ＋身体部位 击打某人某部位 (2)be on strike 在罢工 go on strike 举行罢工 ◆[经典佳句] It gave me a shock that an apple fell off the tree and struck me on the head. 一个苹果从树上掉下来砸在我的头上，把我吓了一跳。 It strikes me that nobody is in favour of the changes. 没有人赞成这些改革，这让我很吃惊。 ◆[“四翼”考查]——基础性 单句语法填空 ①The visitors 　were_struck　 (strike) by the beauty of the country. ②Staff at the hospital went 　on　 strike to protest against the incident. ◆[“四翼”考查]——应用性 完成句子 ③　It_struck_me_that　 the phone number I had told them was wrong. 我突然想到我告诉他们的电话号码是错的。 ④A snowball 　struck_him_on　 the back of the head. 一个雪球打中了他的后脑勺。 ⑤Last month，thousands of workers in that city 　went_on_strike　 to get a pay rise. 上个月，那个城市的成千上万的工人举行罢工要求涨工资。 6．evidently adv.明显地，显然 (1)evident adj. 明显的；明白的 It is evident that ... 很明显…… (2)evidence n. 根据；证据 in evidence 可看见的；明显的；显眼的 There is some evidence that ... 有证据显示/证明…… ◆[经典佳句] Evidently, it has nothing to do with social background. 显然，这与社会背景毫无关系。 Few soldiers were in evidence. 几乎看不见有士兵。 It is evident that in competitive society there are both losers and winners. 显然，在充满竞争的社会里，有失败者也有成功者。 ◆[“四翼”考查]——基础性 单句语法填空 ①They've destroyed all the 　evidence　 (evident)． ②There is evidence 　that　 the solar wind was more intense in the past. ③Anything you say may be used 　in　 evidence against you. ◆[“四翼”考查]——应用性 完成句子 ④　It_is_evident_that　 there will be some job losses. 很显然，将会有一些人失去工作了。 7．struggle with/against ...同……搏斗/做斗争 struggle v. 奋斗；斗争；吃力地进行 struggle to do sth. 艰难地做某事； 挣扎着做某事 struggle for ... 为……而斗争 struggle to one's feet 挣扎着站起来 ◆[经典佳句] Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle against debt and misfortune. 他成年后的大部分时间都在与债务和不幸的失败做斗争。 We should help those who are still struggling for independence. 我们应当帮助那些仍在为独立而斗争的人们。 ◆[“四翼”考查]——基础性 单句语法填空 ①He has been struggling 　against/with　 illness for many years. ②What ideals will you fight and struggle 　for　？ ◆[“四翼”考查]——应用性 完成句子 ③Helen Keller became deaf and blind when she was 19 months old, but she never gave up and 　struggled_to_lead_an_active_life　. 海伦·凯勒在19个月大的时候变得又聋又瞎，但她从不放弃，努力过着积极的生活。 ④She 　struggled_to_her_feet　 and continued walking. 她挣扎着站起来，继续走着。 8．hold onto＝hold on to紧紧抓住，抓住不放；保持住；(替别人或更长时间地)保存某物 hold on 别挂断；坚持住 hold out 伸出；维持 hold off 推迟，拖延 hold up 支撑起；延迟；阻碍；持枪抢劫 ◆[经典佳句] Last night, some robbers held up a nearby bank. 昨晚，几个歹徒持枪抢劫了附近的一家银行。 ◆[“四翼”考查]——基础性 用hold相关短语的适当形式填空 ①　Hold_on　， please. I'll get my brother Tom here. ②We can stay here for as long as our supplies 　hold_out　. ③We were 　held_up　 by a traffic accident on our way home. ④The meeting was 　held_off　 because of the bad weather. ⑤How much longer can we 　hold_on　？ ◆[“四翼”考查]——创新性 翻译句子 ⑥你能为我保留那些票吗？ 　Can_you_hold_onto_those_tickets_for_me　？ 1．(教材P37)The blow produced a sound of metal; and, incredible though it may be ... 撞击时，这东西发出金属的声音；虽然听起来不可思议…… [句式结构]　部分倒装结构。 ◆[规律总结] as/though 引导的倒装结构： (1)名词(形容词)＋as/though＋主语＋系动词：把系表结构中的“表语”，提到从属连词as/though之前。 (2)副词＋as/though＋主语＋动词：把修饰谓语动词的某个“副词”，提到从属连词as/though之前。 (3)动词原形＋宾语或状语＋as/though＋主语＋助动词/情态动词：把实义动词提到从属连词as/though之前，而情态动词放在之后。 (4)分词短语＋as/though＋主语＋be动词：把进行时或被动语态情况下的分词短语，提到从属连词as/though 之前。 ◆[经典佳句] Angry as/though he was, he managed to speak calmly. 虽然他很生气，但还是设法平静地说话。 Child as/though he is, he knows a lot about physics. 尽管他是个孩子，但知道很多物理知识。 ◆[名师点津]　as/though引导的倒装结构注意事项： (1)句首名词不能带任何冠词。 (2)句首是实义动词， 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。 ◆[“四翼”考查]——基础性 单句语法填空 ①Raining hard 　as/though　 it is, I'm going out for a walk. ◆[“四翼”考查]——应用性 用倒装句补全句子 ②　Hard_as/though_he_tried，　 he couldn't lift the stone. 尽管他努力了，但还是举不动那块石头。 ③　Young_as/though_he_is，　 he knows a lot. 虽然他年轻，却知道很多东西。 ④　Tired_as/though_he_was，　 he worked late into the night. 虽然他累了，但还是工作到深夜。 2．(教材P37) ...it seemed as if it was made of metal plates. ……但它似乎是用金属板制成的。 [句式结构]　as if＝as though仿佛；好像，引导表语从句和方式状语从句。 ◆[规律总结] (1)如果所引导的从句表示的情况是真实的或是极有可能发生的，从句要用陈述语气。 (2)当说话人所陈述的是不真实的或极不可能发生或存在的情况时，从句要用虚拟语气。 如果从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时。 如果从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had＋过去分词”。 如果从句表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“would/could/should＋动词原形”。 ◆[经典佳句] He is talking with me as if he were familiar with me. 他正在和我交谈，好像和我很熟悉一样。 ◆[名师点津]　as if/as though引导状语从句时，如果主语和主句的主语一致，且从句含be动词时，可省略状语从句的主语和be动词。从句的结构是as if/though＋名词/动词不定式/形容词(短语)/介词短语/分词等。 ◆[误区规避]　语法填空： He described the characters in the novel as if he 　_________　(meet) them face to face. (可能失误)填met (正确表达)填had met (错误分析)从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had＋过去分词”。 ◆[“四翼”考查]——基础性 单句语法填空 ①He talks about Paris as if he 　had_been　 (be) there before. ②John pretends as if he 　didn't_know　 (not know) the thing at all. ③I felt as if my head 　were　 (be) splitting. ◆[“四翼”考查]——应用性 完成句子 ④Tom stood aside with the lamp in his hand 　as_if_he_were_a_statue　. 汤姆站在一旁，手里拿着灯，就好像他是一尊雕像。 [基础性] Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．Our defeat was expected but it is disappointing 　nevertheless　 (尽管如此). 2．She 　grabbed　 (抓住) the child's hand and ran. 3．The child ran into the road and was 　struck　 (撞) by a car. 4．He had attempted to rescue the 　drowning　 (溺水) man. 5．The wheels started to 　sink　 (下沉) into the mud. 6．He was charged with carrying an offensive 　weapon　 (武器). 7．The ball 　bounced　 (弹起) twice before he could reach it. 8．A new era was brought into 　being　 (存在) by the war. 9．Pedro got up every morning before d　aybreak　. 10．Failure can lay s　olid　 foundation for your future success. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．The museum is 　easily　 (ease) accessible by car. 2．　Evidently　(evidence), she had nothing to do with the whole affair. 3．The central issue in the strike was the 　preservation　(preserve) of jobs. 4．This feeling of 　desperation　 (desperate) and helplessness was common to most of the refugees. 5．Work has begun on the 　construction　 (construct) of the new airport. 6．They are 　violently　 (violent) opposed to the idea. 7．The food is served on 　polished　 (polish) tables with mats. 8．Perhaps, 　unconsciously　 (unconscious), I've done something to offend her. [应用性] Ⅲ.完成句子 1．Graduates 　are_desperate_to_get　 (渴望得到) good jobs after graduation. 2．The smile on our teacher's face 　made_us_feel_at_ease　 (使我们感到轻松)． 3．With the limited natural resources, we should take action to 　preserve_them_from_being_wasted　 (保护资源不被浪费)． 4．He is 　so_kind　 (如此善良) that everyone likes to talk with him. 5．Bravely, Mary 　struggled_to_her_feet　 (挣扎着站起来), and fought against the wind and rain beating against her. 6．There stood the tree quite hidden; 　it_seemed_as_if　 (看起来似乎) it had been entirely forgotten. [综合性] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A It was in the Victorian Era (维多利亚时期) that the novel became the leading form of literature in English.Most writers were more concerned to meet the tastes of the middle class.The best known works of the period included the works of Charles Dickens and the Bronte sisters and others. Charles Dickens came on the literary scene in the 1830s.Dickens wrote vividly about London life and the struggles of the poor.Most of his works were written in a very humorous style, which was popular with readers of all classes. The Bronte sisters were English writers of the 1840s and 1850s.They began to write from early childhood.In 1846 they published the first book at their own expense as poets; however, their book attracted little attention, selling only two copies.Then the sisters turned to writing novels, each producing a novel in the following year. An interest in rural (田园的) matters and the changing social and economic situation of the countryside may be seen in the novels of Thomas Hardy and a number of others. Literature for children developed as a single style.Some works became well­known, such as those of Lewis Carroll and Edward Lear.Adventure novels were written for adults but are now generally grouped in the list for children.Helen Beatrix Potter was an English author at the end of the Victorian Era, best known for her children's books, which featured (以……为特色) animal characters.In her thirties, Potter published the highly successful children's book The Tale of Peter Rabbit in 1902. 1．What can we know about Charles Dickens from the text? A．He showed an interest in rural matters in his writing. B．He focused on changing social and economic situation of the countryside. C．He wrote about the struggles of the poor in London. D．He published the highly successful children's book. 2．Which is TRUE about the Bronte sisters? A．They were English writers of the 1930s. B．They paid to have their first book published. C．They began their writing from the rural life. D．Their first book was successful. 3．The author states in the last paragraph that 　________　. A．Edward Lear was famous for writing about animals B．adventure novels were not written for children at first C．Thomas Hardy was not as famous as Lewis Carroll D．society changed rapidly in the Victorian Era 4．The text is mainly about 　________　. A．literature in the Victorian Era B．writing styles in the Victorian Era C．famous works in the Victorian Era D．the importance of literature in the Victorian Era [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了维多利亚时期的文学，并列举了代表性的作家和他们的代表作。 1．C　[细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Dickens wrote vividly about London life and the struggles of the poor.”可知，狄更斯写了伦敦的生活和穷人的挣扎。故选C。] 2．B　[细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“The Bronte sisters were English writers of the 1840s and 1850s.”可知，勃朗特姐妹是19世纪40年代和19世纪50年代的英国作家，所以A项的描述错误；根据第三段第三句“In 1846 they published the first book at their own expense as poets”可知，勃朗特姐妹是自己出钱出版了第一本书，所以B项的描述正确；根据第三段第二句“They began to write from early childhood.”可知，她们从小就开始写作。所以C项的描述错误；根据第三段中的“their book attracted little attention, selling only two copies”可知，她们的书几乎没有引起注意，只卖了两本，所以D项的描述错误。故选B。] 3．B　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Adventure novels were written for adults but are now generally grouped in the list for children.”可知，冒险小说是为成年人写的，但现在一般都为儿童写；由此可推知，冒险小说起初不是为儿童写的。故选B。] 4．A　[主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句“It was in the Victorian Era (维多利亚时期) that the novel became the leading form of literature in English.”可知，正是在维多利亚时期，小说成为英语文学的主要形式。所以这篇文章讲的是维多利亚时期的文学。故选A。] B In this day and age, there seems to be a move towards secondary school subjects. For that reason, some parents and some students feel that the compulsory study of English literature is misguided and disadvantageous to students, particularly if they are second language learners of English. However, there are still good reasons for the study of English literature. Students of English language sometimes fail to see the point of studying English literature, especially if they have no plans to study English or translation at university. But English literature can introduce students to a range of aspects, not only the English language but also the culture of English­speaking countries. There are aspects of English culture that are summarised by English literature. Of course, this is quite evident when we are studying the works of Shakespeare or of writers, poets and playwrights of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. It is, however, also true when we are studying other works of English literature. Students can learn about good stories and references to different aspects of English culture. They can also learn the context and meanings of famous quotes and phrases. Studying literature does not confine the students to the traditions of England but includes the possibility of introducing them to traditions which inform English literature, such as the study of Ancient Greek drama, and to literature in other contexts, such as American literature. The enjoyment and appreciation of literature will give students the ability to develop this into an interest in books and reading as they move away from their studies and into the adult lives.They will have the confidence to approach and cope with new forms of books and writing, since they were exposed to a range of literature during their school days. When studying literature, students can learn not only language aspects such as vocabulary items but also the language aspects which can be used for specific purposes. For example, if the students are familiar with the concepts of the beat and rhythm of English poems, they can improve their own writing as they are able to appreciate and apply these ideas. Finally, the study of literature can provide students with a fresh and creative angle, from which the students can approach their studies in particular and their lives in general. So the next time you are reading a newspaper article complaining of the lack of creativity and initiative in the local workforce，remember that in a small way the study of English literature can help to add a refreshing and further dimension to a person's life. 5．What can we learn from the passage? A．Schools fail to care about students' needs. B．Learning English literature makes students smarter. C．English culture is closely related to English literature. D．The more you read literary works，the more you complain. 6．The author may agree that the study of English literature 　________　. A．has a long­lasting influence on students B．is misguided and has more disadvantages C．is not necessary for second language learners D．only allows the students to learn the traditions of England 7．What's the author's attitude towards the study of English literature? A．Critical.　　　　　 　B．Cautious. C．Supportive. 　D．Anxious. 8．What's the best title for the passage? A．Parents and Students' Demands B．Why We Learn English Literature C．English Culture and English Literature D．Suitable Courses for Secondary Schools [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了学习英国文学的一些理由，如学习英国文学可以让学生了解英国及其他说英语的国家的传统，对学生有长期的影响等。 5．C　[细节理解题。根据第二段末句可知，英国文学不仅介绍了英语语言，还介绍了说英语的国家的文化，根据第三段首句可知，英国文学可以概括英国文化的许多方面，所以说英国文化与英国文学密切相关。故选C。] 6．A　[细节理解题。根据第五段首句可知，学习英国文学的乐趣和对英国文学的欣赏将使学生有能力在他们离校迈入成年生活时养成对书籍和阅读的兴趣，因此作者认可“学习英国文学对学生有长期的影响”的观点。根据第一段第二句可知B、C项是一些家长和学生的观点，可排除；由第四段可知D项错误。故选A。] 7．C　[推理判断题。根据首段最后的“there are still good reasons for the study of English literature.”及倒数第二段的叙述可推知，作者对学习英国文学持支持态度。critical批评的；cautious谨慎的；supportive支持的；anxious担心的。故选C。] 8．B　[主旨大意题。根据第一段末句“然而，学习英国文学仍然有充分的理由”，并结合下文介绍的学习英国文学的一些理由可知，B项“我们为什么学习英国文学”最适合作为文章标题。故选B。] Ⅱ.阅读填句 Let a great book to the heart, and we discover a new world, a world of dreams and fantasies. To enter and enjoy this new world，we need to love and explain literature. Behind every book is a man, behind the man is the race，and behind the race are the natural and social environments. In a word, we wish to enjoy and understand literature.　____1____　 The first quality of literature is its description of truth and beauty. In fact, we are surrounded with truth and beauty.　____2____　Men pass a field and see only dead grass; but a poet stops and looks deeper, saying, “Yesterday's flowers am I．” One who reads it can see the beauty that was hidden from his eyes. The second quality is its appeal to our feelings and imagination.　____3____　 When Doctor Faustus asks in the presence of Helen, “Was this the face that launched a thousand ships？”he opens a door through which our imagination enters a new world, a world of love and heroism. The third quality is its permanence. To achieve this, it should contain two elements：universal humanity and personal style.　____4____　 It also takes on a personal style－no writer can describe human life without reflecting his own life and experiences. 　____5____　 It is also the written record of man's thoughts and feelings, and the history of the human soul. A．The first step is to determine some of its significant qualities. B．Its attraction lies more in what it awakens in us than what it says. C．Therefore，what amaze us about literature are its essential qualities. D．In summary，literature is the expression of life in forms of truth and beauty. E．Good literature reflects basic human nature－love and hate，joy and sadness. F．Literature will provide us with a vivid picture of what will happen in future life. G．But some remain unnoticed until a sensitive human soul brings them to our attention. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了文学的一些重要特性。 1．A　[过渡句。根据空前句提到的“享受和理解文学”以及下文的“The first quality...”“The second quality...”和“The third quality...”可知，设空处应提及“文学的特性”，故A项“第一步是确定它的一些重要特性”符合语境。故选A。] 2．G　[细节句。本段首句为本段主旨句，说明文学的第一特性是对真与美的描写，所选句应与主旨句呼应。空前句“实际上，我们被真与美围绕”，由空后内容“人们走过田野，看到的只是枯死的草；但是一位诗人却停下来看得更深，说：‘我是昨日的花。’读它的人能看到隐藏在他的眼睛里的美”可知，诗人的例子说明，G项“但是有些东西一直没有被注意到，直到一个感觉敏锐的人类灵魂让它们引起我们的注意”符合语境，故选G。] 3．B　[细节句。空前句即本段主旨句，说明文学的第二特性是它能激发我们的情感和想象力。再结合空后句“当浮士德博士当着海伦的面问道……他打开了一扇门，通过它，我们的想象力进入了一个新的世界，一个充满爱和英雄主义的世界”可知，B项“它(文学)的吸引力更多地在于它唤醒了我们内在的什么，而不是它说了什么”符合语境。故选B。] 4．E　[细节句。本段首句为本段主旨句，说明文学的第三特性是它的持久性。根据空前句“要做到这一点，它应该包含两个要素：普遍的人性和个人风格”可知，文学要反映人性，本句应承接上文，具体说明反映人类的哪些本性，故E项“好的文学作品反映了人类的基本本性——爱与恨，喜与悲”符合语境，E项中human nature对应上文中universal humanity。故选E。] 5．D　[细节句。本句为最后一段首句，根据空后句“它也是人的思想和感情的书面记录，人类灵魂的历史”可知，此处应再次对文学的特性进行总结，下文中的it指代literature，故D项“总之，文学是以真与美的形式对生活的表达”符合语境。故选D。] Ⅲ.语法填空 Kenneth Williams 1.　________　 (consider) one of the greatest British comedy actors of the twentieth century.His voice is his outstanding gift; it virtually defined him as a 2.　________　 (perform)． Williams would often spend weeks deciding how a character should sound and this “voice” determined his approach to each role. 3.　________　 even after he had chosen his “voice”， he didn't always stick to it.In the middle of 4.　________　 single performance, he would sometimes change the tone or speed of his speech, for 5.　________　 (great) comic effect.While still a beginner, he felt he should be given the freedom to do as he wished on stage and often 6.　________　 (ignore) his directors' instructions.This greatly annoyed some directors, who refused 7.　________　 (work) with him.Sometimes, he would completely ignore the script and make up his own lines during performance.Although he was proud of his ability to go “off scripts”， he became extremely angry if other actors tried to do the same, 8.　________　 (argue) that they were simply not good at it. Williams loved to make his audience laugh.When performing a scene 9.　________　 there were few laughs, he would often make up 10.　________　 own jokes, which always entertained the audience, but sometimes also ruined the scene. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了二十世纪英国著名喜剧演员威廉姆斯对艺术近乎苛刻的追求。 1．is considered　[考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处作谓语，主语是Kenneth Williams，和所填词consider之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态。因为本句是对人物的评价，所以使用一般现在时的被动语态，且主语为单数形式，故填is considered。] 2．performer　[考查词性转换。冠词a修饰名词，所以填perform的名词形式，其名词形式有两个，一个是performance，另一个是performer，根据句意可知，他被定义为一个表演家，故填performer。] 3．But　[考查连词。上句说声音决定了他对角色的要求，本句说即使他选择了声音之后，他也没有一直用这种声音，前后句之间是转折关系，并且空后没有逗号，所以填but，需注意首字母大写。故填But。] 4．a　[考查冠词。空后的performance意为“表演”，是可数名词，所以要用a修饰，表示泛指，指“在一次单独表演中”。且single以辅音音素开头，故填a。] 5．greater　[考查形容词的比较级。根据句意“在一次单独表演中间，他有时会改变音调或者语速来达到更好的喜剧效果”可知，空处应使用比较级，故填greater。] 6．ignored　[考查动词的时态。根据本句中and前面的时态可知，这里在描述过去的事情，所以这里要继续使用一般过去时。故填ignored。] 7．to work　[考查非谓语动词。refuse to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“拒绝做某事”。故填to work。] 8．arguing　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处作伴随状语，所填词与主句主语he之间存在主谓关系，所以使用现在分词形式。故填arguing。] 9．where　[考查定语从句。先行词是a scene，为抽象名词，意为“场景”。所填词引导定语从句，在从句中作地点状语，故填where。] 10．his　[考查代词。one's own是固定搭配，意为“某人自己的”。主语是he，故填his。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $