动词时态01-2025-2026学年英语中考复习语法知识点全解（外研版)

初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 寒假专版 【专题】过去进行时：was/were+doing结 构、表过去某时正在进行的动作、 when/while句型 语法专项突破 考频分析 初三外研版中，过去进行时是动词时态的重要考点，考频占时态考点的15%左右，主要分布在核 心题型：单项选择(1-2题)、完形填空(1-2题)、语法填空(1题)、书面表达（场景化应用，体 现动作连贯性)。在when/while引导的时间状语从句题目中，过去进行时与一般过去时的区分及 was/were+doing结构的正确运用是解题关键。 考查内容 ·动词分类应用：系动词、实义动词、情态动词、助动词的辨析与功能 。时态与语态：过去进行时(was/were+doing结构)的基本构成，表过去某时正在进行动作的语境判 断，when/while句型中时态搭配规则，主动语态与被动语态的转换 ·非谓语动词：todo、doig、do的固定搭配与句法功能（作宾语、宾语补足语、定语等） 知识点一：过去进行时的结构与用法 1.基本结构(be动词+现在分词) 1.肯定句：主语+was/were+doing(动词现在分词) 例句：(I)I was reading a book at8p.m.last night.(主语为I,be动词用was) (2)They were playing basketball when I arrived.(主语为They,be动词用were) 2.否定句：主语+was/were+not+doing 例句：She was not(wasn't)watching TV at that time. 2.核心用法（表过去特定时间正在进行的动作） 初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 1.时间标志：at8o'clock yesterday evening(昨晚8点)、this time last Monday(上周一这个时候)等 具体过去时间点 例句：He was doing his homework at9p.m.yesterday..(强调昨晚9点正在进行的动作) 2.无明确时间标志时，通过上下文暗示过去某时刻正在进行 例句：The phone rang while she was cooking.(烹饪动作在电话响时正在进行) 3.when/while句型（过去进行时与一般过去时的连用） 1.when引导时间状语从句（主句用过去进行时，从句用一般过去时） 例句：I was walking home when it started to rain.(下雨时我正在走路，stat为短暂性动词用一般过去 时) 2.while引导时间状语从句（主从句均用过去进行时，表动作同时进行） 例句：While my mom was washing clothes,I was cleaning the room.(妈妈洗衣服和我打扫房间同时进 行) 知识点二：过去进行时的核心用法与句型 1.基本结构与含义 1.主动语态结构：主语+was/were+动词现在分词(doing)(主语为单数/第三人称单数时用was,复 数/第二人称时用were) 2.含义：表示过去某一特定时间点或时间段正在进行的动作，强调动作的’持续性”和”未完成性 2.时间标志词 1.具体时间点：at9o'clock last night(昨晚9点)、this time yesterday(昨天这个时候)、fiom8tol0 a.m.last Sunday(上周日上午8点到l0点) 2.时间状语从句：when+一般过去时句子（当…时，强调另一个动作突然发生）、while+过去进行 时句子（当…期间，强调两个动作同时进行） 3.核心句型(when/while用法) 1.whn引导时间状语从句（从句用一般过去时，主句用过去进行时〉 结构：主句（过去进行时）+when+从句（一般过去时） 例句：I was walking home when it started to rain.(我正步行回家，突然开始下雨了。) 2.while引导时间状语从句（主从句均用过去进行时，表”同时进行”) 结构：主句（过去进行时）+whil+从句（过去进行时） 例句：My brother was playing video games while I was doing homework.(我弟弟在玩游戏时，我正在 写作业。) 初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 3.while也可单独引导时间状语（后接现在分词，省略主语和was/were) 例句：She fell asleep while reading a novel.(她读小说时睡着了。) 4.被动语态 1.结构：主语+was/were+being+动词过去分词(was/were体现”过去”，being体现”进行'，过去分 词体现”被动”) 2.例句 (I)The classroom was being cleaned by students at4p.m.yesterday..(昨天下午4点，学生们正在打扫 教室。) (2)A song was being sung by her while her mother was cooking.(她妈妈做饭时，她正在唱歌。) 5.常见错误提醒 1.误用一般过去时：当强调”过去某时正在做某事”时，不可用动词过去式，需用'was/were+doing” 错误：He watched TV at8p.m.last night.（仅表”昨晚8点看了电视”，未体现”正在看) 正确：He was watching TV at8p.m.last night.(昨晚8点他正在看电视。) 2.when与while的区别：when后可接短暂性动词（如start,ring),while后需接延续性动词（如read, play) 错误：While the phone rang,I was taking a shower.. 正确：When the phone rang,I was taking a shower.(电话铃响时，我正在洗澡。) 知识点三：过去进行时 1.基础结构 1.肯定句：主语+was/were+动词-ing形式 →例句：She was reading a book at8p.m.last night. 2.否定句：主语+was/were+not+动词-ing形式 →例句：They were not playing football when I called, 3.疑问句：Was/Were+主语+动词-ing形式？ →例句：Were you watching TV at9o'clock yesterday? 2.时间状语（中考必背) 1.at8p.m.last Friday(上周五晚上8点) →例句：He was doing his homework at8p.m.last Friday. 2.this time yesterday(昨天这个时候) →例句：We were having a class this time yesterday. 3 初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 3.when the rain started(当雨开始下的时候) →例句：I was walking home when the rain started. 3.when/while句型（中考核心） 1.whn引导时间状语从句（从句用一般过去时，主句用过去进行时） →例句：I was cooking when the phone rang 2.while引导时间状语从句（主从句均用过去进行时，表示动作同时进行） 一→例句：While my mother was washing clothes,I was doing my homework. 3.while+动词-ing形式（省略主语和be动词） →例句：She fell asleep while reading a novel.. 考法精析 考法一：过去进行时基本结构及用法 核心：根据主语人称/数选择正确be动词(was/were),结合时间标志词判断是否使用过去进行时 真题1（语法填空）： They-(play)basketball when the teacher came. 答案：were playing 解析：由时间标志词"'when the teacher came'”(一般过去时从句)可知，主句动作在过去某时正在进 行，主语They为复数，be动词用were,后接play的现在分词playing。 真题2（单项选择）： My sisterTV at 8 p.m.last night. A.watches B.watched C.was watching D.will watch 答案：C 解析：由时间标志词”at8pm.last night'”(过去具体时间点)可知，动作在过去某时正在进行，用 过去进行时，主语My sister为单数，be动词用was,watch的现在分词为watching。 考法二：过去进行时与时间状语匹配 核心：根据时间状语的类型（具体时间点/特续时间段）及引导词(when/while),判断是否使用过 去进行时并正确构建句子结构 真题1（语法填空）： My sister(listen)to music when I(get)home yesterday. 答案：was listening:got 解析：由时间标志词'whn”可知，主句表示”过去某时正在进行的动作，用过去进行时（主语单数 用was listening),从句表示”另一个动作突然发生”用一般过去时(get的过去式为got)。 真题2（单项选择)： Theybasketball from 3 p.m.to 5 p.m.last Saturday. A.play B.played C.were playing D.are playing 初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 答案：C 解析：由时间标志词'fom3p.m.to5p.m.last Saturday'(过去持续时间段)可知，动作在过去特定 时间段内持续进行，用过去进行时，主语复数用were playing。 考法三：过去进行时与when/while句型的综合运用 核心：结合时间标志词判断动作发生的背景，掌握when/while引导时间状语从句时主从句时态的搭 配规则(when后接一般过去时，while后接过去进行时或省略主语和be动词的现在分词形式) 真题1（单项选择）： ITV when my father came back last night. A watch B watched C was watching D am watching 答案：C 解析：由时间标志词'when my father came back last night',可知，主句动作在从句动作发生时正在进 行，需用过去进行时，结构为”was/were+现在分词'，主语为I,be动词用was,watch的现在分词 为watching。 真题2（语法填空）： While Tom(play)basketball on the playground,it suddenly began to rain. 答案：was playing 解析：while引导时间状语从句时，主从句动作同时进行，主句began”为一般过去时，从句需用过 去进行时，结构为"was/were+现在分词”，主语Tom为第三人称单数，be动词用was,play的现在 分词为playing。 解题小妙招 时态语态妙招 时态判断看标志，没有标志品语境： 过去进行两标志，具体时点段持续： when主长从短暂，while两长同时行： be动词随主语变，was配单were配复； 现在分词加ing,时态结构要牢记。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择（共10题） 1.My brother_TV at 7 p.m.last night. A.watch B.watches C.was watching D.will watch 2.Theybasketball when the rain started. A.play B.played C.are playing D.were playing 初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 3.While my mom_dinner,I was doing my homework. A.cooks B.cooked C.was cooking D.is cooking 4.you listening to music this time yesterday? A.Are B.Were C.Do D.Did 5.The phone rang while I_a shower. A.take B.took C.am taking D.was taking 6.Iwalking home when I met my old friend. A.am B.was C.were D.is 7.My parents_in the garden this time last Sunday. A.work B.worked C.were working D.are working 8.When she called,I_dinner. A.prepare B.prepared C.was preparing D.will prepare 9.He his homework from 8 to 10 last night. A.does B.did C.is doing D.was doing 10.While TomTV,his sister books. A.watched read B.was watching;was reading C.watches;reads D.is watching;is reading 演练二：填空（共10题） 1.She(read)a novel at 9 p.m.last night. 2.They(play)football when the teacher arrived 3.My dad(wash)the car while my mom_(cook)lunch. 4.I(not watch)TV at that time yesterday. 5.(be)you listening to music when I knocked at the door? 6.The students_(have)a class meeting when the fire alarm rang. 7.He(run)in the park this time yesterday. 8.While I(study),my brother-(play)computer games. 9.The floor(clean)by my sister when I got home. 10.We-(walk)along the street when it started to rain. 演练三：语法填空（共10空） Last Sunday,my family and I 1.-(spend)a busy but happy day.At 8 a.m.,my mom 2.(cook)breakfast in the kitchen,and my dad 3.(read)newspapers in the living room.I 4.-(clean)my room when my friend Tom called.He said he 5._(come)to visit me at 10 a.m. 6 初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 At 10:30 a.m.,while Tom and I 6.(play)basketball in the yard,it suddenly started to rain.We quickly ran inside.My mom 7.(not angry)with usshe just laughed and said,"You two 8.(get)all wet!" In the afternoon,we 9.-(watch)a movie together.While the movie 10.-(play),my dad fell asleep on the sofa.What a funny day！ 答案区 演练-：1.C2.D3.C4.B5.D6.B7.C8.C9D10B 1.was reading 2.were playing 3.was washing;was cooking 4.wasn't watching 5.Were 6.were having 7.was running 8.was studying;was playing 9.was being cleaned 10.were walking 1.spent 2.was cooking 3.was reading 4.was cleaning 5.was coming/would come 6.were playing 7.wasn't 8.were getting 9.were watching 10.was playing 7