动词时态04-2025-2026学年英语中考复习语法知识点全解（外研版)

初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 寒假专版 现在完成时 语法专项突破 考频分析 初三外研版中，现在完成时是动词时态的核心语法点，考频占动词时态模块的30%左右，主要分 布在以下核心题型：单项选择2题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空1-2题、书面表达核心考察。标志 词already yet for since的辨析及过去动作对现在影响的语境理解是解题关键。 考查内容 ·动词分类应用：系动词、实义动词、情态动词、助动词的辨析与功能 。时态与语态：现在完成时的have/has+done基本结构、表过去动作对现在影响的语境匹配，标志词 already/yet/for/since的区分使用，主动语态与被动语态的转换 。非谓语动词：todo、doing、do的固定搭配与句法功能（作宾语、宾语补足语、定语等） 知识点一：现在完成时的结构与用法 1.基本结构 1.基本结构：have/has+动词过去分词(done) 。第一、二人称及复数主语用have:I/You/We/They have finished homework. 。第三人称单数主语用has:He/She/It has lived here for5 years.. 2.核心含义：表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 ·例句：(I)I have already cleaned the room.(影响：房间现在是干净的)(2)She hasn't read the book yet.(结果：现在还不知道书的内容) 3.时间标志词 ●already(肯定句，已完成)：We have already visited the museum. ·yet(否定/疑问间句，尚未)：Have you finished your homework yet?? ●for+时间段（持续多久）：They have studied English for3 years. 1 初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 ·since+时间点（从何时开始）：He has been here since2020. 知识点二：现在完成时的核心用法与被动结构 1.现在完成时（过去动作对现在的影响/动作持续到现在) 1.时间标志词 ·already(已经，肯定句)、yet(还，否定句/疑问句)、for+时间段（如for3 years)、since+时 间点（如since2020)、so far（到目前为止） 2.主动语态 ·结构：主语+have/has+动词过去分词（主语单数/三单用has,复数/第一人称用have) 。例句：(I)I have finished my homework already.(第一人称，用have+finished)(2)He has lived here for5 years..(三单主语，用has+-lived) 3.被动语态 ·结构：主语+have/has been+动词过去分词(have/has been体现”现在完成时'，过去分词体现” 被动”) ·例句：(I)My homework has been finished by me already..(主语不可数，用has been+finished的过 去分词finished)(2)This house has been lived in by him for5 years..(主语单数，用has been+-lived 的过去分词lived;live是不及物动词，需加in) 知识点三：现在完成时 1.基本结构 l.肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词→例句：She has finished her homework 2.否定句：主语+haven't/hasn't+过去分词→例句：Ihaven’t seen him yet. 3.一般疑问句：Have/IHas+主语+过去分词→例句：Has he arrived already? 2.时间标志词（中考必背） l.already(肯定句/疑问句，已完成)→例句：They have already left for Beijing. 2.yet(否定句/疑间句，未完成)→例句：Have you finished the book yet? 3.for+时间段（持续多久）→例句：We have lived here for five years. 4.since+时间点/句子（从…开始)→例句：He has studied English since2020 5.just(刚刚)→例句：I have just eaten breakfast. 初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 3.用法区别（中考易错） 1.与一般过去时的区别：现在完成时强调对现在的影响，一般过去时仅表过去动作。 。现在完成时：I have lost my key.(现在没钥匙) ·一般过去时：I lost my key yesterday.(仅说明昨天丢了，现在是否找到未知) 2.have been to与have gone to的区别： 。have been to（去过某地，已返▣)→例句：She has been to Paris twice. ●have gone to(去了某地，未返▣)一例句：My father has gone to Shanghai. 解题小妙招 时态语态妙招 时态判断看标志，没有标志品语境： 主动结构记主谓”，被动必带be和done”: 被动中be最关键，记住be就OK; 一现被动”am/is/are”,一过被动was/were”: 进行被动要用being'',完成被动have/has/had been''; 将来被动will be”,最后加上一个done。 考法精析 考法一：现在完成时结构辨析 核心：根据主语人称和数，正确使用have/has+过去分词结构，区分肯定句、否定句及疑问句形式 真题1（语法填空)： They-(not finish)their homework yet.It's time for class now. 答案：haven"t finished 解析：由否定词'not'和时间标志词'yet”可知用否定句，主语they为复数，助动词用haven't,finish 的过去分词为finished。 真题2（单项选择)： _your brother the new film? A.Has;seen B.Have;seen C.Did:see D.Does;see 答案：A 解析：句末无过去时间标志词，结合语境询问是否看过电影（对现在有影响），用现在完成时：主 语your brother为三单，助动词用Has,see的过去分词为seen。 3 初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 考法二：时态与语态综合运用 核心：结合时态标志词和动作关系，判断主动/被动语态及正确时态结构 真题1（语法填空）： The classroom_(clean)already.You can have your class now. 答案：has been cleaned 解析：由时间标志词“already”可知用现在完成时：主语“the classroom”与动作“clean”为被动 关系，现在完成时被动结构为“has been+过去分词”，clean的过去分词为cleaned。 真题2（单项选择)： These booksby many students since last year. A.are read B.were read C.have read D.have been read 答案：D 解析：由时间标志词“since last year”可知用现在完成时；主语“books”与动作“read”为被动关 系，现在完成时被动结构为“have been+过去分词”，Iead的过去分词为read。 考法三：现在完成时主动与被动语态的综合运用及时间标志词判断 核心：结合时间标志词(already/yet/for/since等)，区分现在完成时主动与被动结构（主动：have/has+ 过去分词：被动：have/has been+过去分词)，判断动作的执行者或承受者 真题1（单项选择)： My homework yet.I need to finish it now. A.hasn't finished B.hasn't been finished C.wasn't finished D.didn't finish 答案：B 解析：主语“my homework”是动作“finish”的承受者，需用被动语态；由时间标志词“yet”可知 用现在完成时，结构为“hasn't been+过去分词”，finish的过去分词为finished。 真题2（语法填空)： We_(leamn)English for 6 years.And English_(teach)in many schools around the world. 答案：have learned has been taught 解析：第一句由“for6 years”可知用现在完成时主动语态，主语“we”用have+-learned;第二句主语 “English”是动作“teach”的承受者，用现在完成时被动语态，主语为不可数名词，用has been+taught。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择（共10题) 1.My parentsin this city since 2010. A.live B.lived C.have lived D.will live 初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】A版知识点全解 2.-you ever_to the Great Wall? A.Do:go B.Did:go C.Have;gone D.Have;been 3.She her homework yet.It's still on her desk. A.hasn't finished B.didn't finish C.doesn't finish D.won't finish 4.The film for 10 minutes.You're a little late. A.has begun B.began C.has been on D.was on 5.-Where is Tom? -He to the library.He'll be back soon. A.goes B.went C.has gone D.has been 6.These photosby my brother last summer. A.take B.took C.are taken D.were taken 7.The classroom_twice a day.Now it's very clean. A.cleans B.cleaned C.is cleaned D.has been cleaned 8.I this book for three weeks.I must return it to the library. A.borrowed B.have borrowed C.kept D.have kept 9.-your father the car? -Yes,he has.He_it an hour ago. A.Has;washed;washed B.Did;wash;has washed C.Has;washed;has washed D.Did;wash;washed 10.WeEnglish for six years,and we can speak a little now. A.learn B.learned C.have learned D.will learn 演练二：填空（共10题） 1.They(not see)the movie yet,so they want to watch it tonight 2.My sister(study)in this school since 2022 3._you ever_(eat)Beijing Duck?It's very delicious. 4.The letter_(write)by my brother just now. 5.We(finish)our project already.Let's have a rest. 6.How longhe(live)in Shanghai? 7.The old man(die)for two years,but people still remember him. 8.A new park_(build)in our neighborhood since last year 9.My mother usually (cook)dinner at 6 pm,but today she(not cook)yet. 10.-Tom(return)the book to the library? -Yes,he(return)it yesterday. 5 初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 演练三：语法填空（共10空） Tom is a student in Grade 8.He(live)in this town since he was born.His favorite hobby is reading.He _(read)more than 100 books so far. Last week,Tom-(borrow)a history book from the library.He(read)it for three days and_(finish)it yesterday.The book(write)by a famous historian.Tom thinks it's the most interesting book he(ever read). Now,Tom(wait)for his friend Lily.They(plan)to visit the museum this afternoon.The museum (just open)a new exhibition about ancient China.Lily(not arrive)yet,so Tom is calling her now. 答案区 演练-：1.C2D3.A4.C5.C6.D7D8.D9.A10.C 演练二： 1.haven't seen 2.has studied 3.Have;eaten 4.was written 5.have finished 6.has:lived 7.has been dead 8.has been built 9.cooks:hasn't cooked 10.Has:returned;returned 演练三： 1.has lived 2.has read 3.borrowed 4.has read 5.finished 6.was written 7.has ever read 8.is waiting 9.have planned 10.hasn't arrived 6