动词时态03-2025-2026学年英语中考复习语法知识点全解（外研版)

初中外研版 【语法专版】 动词时态知识点全解 语法专版 【专题】现在进行时及动词时态综合 动词时态专项突破 考频分析 初三外研版中，现在进行时是动词时态模块的基础语法点，考频占动词时态考点的15%左右，主 要分布在核心题型：单项选择1-2题、完形填空1-2题、语法填空1题、书面表达（用于描述正在 发生的动作，体现语境即时性)。在语境理解类题目中，现在进行时的be+doing结构识别及now/at the moment等标志词的运用是解题关键。 考查内容 ·动词分类应用：系动词、实义动词、情态动词、助动词的辨析与功能 。时态与语态：现在进行时(be+doig结构)、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时的基本结构与 语境匹配（含标志词now/at the moment的识别），主动语态与被动语态的转换 。非谓语动词：todo、doig、do的固定搭配与句法功能（作宾语、宾语补足语、定语等） 知识点一：现在进行时的构成及用法 1.基本结构(be+doing) 1.肯定句：主语+be动词(am/is/are)+动词-ing形式+其他 一→例句：(1)I am reading a book now.（第一人称，be动词用am)(2)She is singing at the moment.(第 三人称单数，be动词用is) 2.否定句：主语+be动词(am/is/are)+not+动词-ing形式+其他 →例句：They are not playing football now.(be动词后加not表否定) 3.疑问句：Be动词（Am/Is/Are)+主语+动词-ing形式+其他？ →例句：Is he running in the park at the moment?(be动词提前构成疑间) 2.核心用法（表正在进行的动作) 1.强调说话时动作正在发生或进行 →例句：My mother is cooking dinner now.(此刻正在做饭) 初中外研版 【语法专版】 动词时态知识点全解 2.常与时间标志词搭配：now(现在)、at the moment(此刻) 一→例句：Look!The children are flying kites at the moment..(标志词at the moment提示动作正在进行) 3.动词ing形式变化规则（基础规则) 1.一般动词直接加-ing:play-→playing,read→reading 2.以不发音字母e结尾，去e加-ing:write-→writing,.dance-→dancing 3.重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写尾字母加-ing:1un一→running,swim→swimming →例句：He is swimming in the pool now.(swim双写m加-ing) 知识点二：动词时态专项突破 1.现在进行时（当前正在进行的动作或现阶段持续的状态) 1.时间标志词 now(现在)、at the moment(此刻)、look(看，用于句首提示)、listen(听，用于句首提示)、these days(这些天，表现阶段) 2.主动语态 结构：主语+am/is/are+动词现在分词(doing)(第一人称单数用am,第三人称单数用is,复数及 第二人称用are) 例句： (I)They are playing football on the playground now.(复数主语，用are+playing) (2)Listen!Someone is singing in the next room.(不定代词作主语视为单数，用is+singing) 3.被动语态 结构：主语+am/is/are+being+动词过去分词(being体现进行，过去分词体现被动) 例句： (I)A new bridge is being built over the river these days.(主语单数，用is being+buit) (2)These books are being read by the students at the moment.(主语复数，用are being+read) 2.过去进行时（过去某一时刻或时间段正在进行的动作) 1.时间标志词 at9o'clock last night(昨晚9点)、from8tol0 yesterday morning(昨天上午8点到l0点)、while+ 一般过去时句子（如While she was cooking) 2.主动语态 结构：主语+was/were+动词现在分词(doing)(单数主语用was,复数主语用were) 例句： (I)I was doing my homework when my mother came back.(单数主语，用was+doing) (2)They were having a meeting from3to5 yesterday afternoon.(复数主语，用were+having) 初中外研版 【语法专版】 动词时态知识点全解 3.被动语态 结构：主语+was/were+being+动词过去分词 例句： (I)The window was being cleaned by Tom when it began to rain.(主语单数，用was being+cleaned) (2)Some songs were being sung by them while we were dancing.(主语复数，用were being+sung) 3.现在完成时（过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或持续到现在的动作) 1.时间标志词 already(已经，用于肯定句)、yet(还，用于否定句/疑问句)、since2018(自从2018年)、for five months(持续五个月)、recently(最近) 2.主动语态 结构：主语+have/has+动词过去分词（单数主语用has,复数主语用have) 例句： (I)We have lived in this city for ten years.(复数主语，用have+lived)) (2)she has already finished reading that novel..(单数主语，用has+finished) 3.被动语态 结构：主语+have/has+been+动词过去分词 例句： (1)This movie has been watched by millions of people since last month.(主语单数，用has been+watched) (2)The tasks have been completed by the workers already..(主语复数，用have been+completed) 4.一般将来时（将要发生的动作或存在的状态） 1.时间标志词 tomorrow morning(明天早上)、next term(下学期)、in two hours(两小时后)、soon(不久)、this Sunday(这个周日，计划内) 2.主动语态 结构：(I)主语+will+动词原形(2)主语+am/is/are going to+动词原形 例句： (1)He will visit his grandparents next weekend.(will visit) (2)We are going to have a picnic if it doesn't rain tomorrow.(复数主语，用are going to+原形have) 3.被动语态 结构：(1)主语+will be+动词过去分词(2)主语+am/is/are going to be+动词过去分词 例句： (1)A new library will be built in our school next year.(will be built) (2)The party is going to be held in the park this Sunday.(单数主语，用is going to be+held) 5.一般现在时（经常性、习惯性动作或客观真理) 3 初中外研版 【语法专版】 动词时态知识点全解 1.时间标志词 usually(通常)、ofte(经常)、every Monday(每周一)入sometimes（有时)、once a month(每月一 次) 2.主动语态 结构：主语+动词原形（非三单）/动词第三人称单数（三单） 例句： (I)They often play basketball after school..(非三单主语，用原形play) (2)The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.(客观真理，三单主语用rises/sets) 3.被动语态 结构：主语+am/is/are+动词过去分词 例句： (I)English is spoken by many people around the world.(主语不可数，用is+spoken) (2)These flowers are watered by my mother every day.(复数主语，用arre+watered) 6.一般过去时（过去某个时间发生且已结束的动作) 1.时间标志词 last night(昨晚)、in2019(在2019年)、three days ago(三天前)、just now(刚才)、yesterday afternoon(昨天下午) 2.主动语态 结构：主语+动词过去式 例句： (I)She bought a new bike yesterday.(buy的过去式bought) (2)They went to Beijing for vacation last summer.(go的过去式went) 3.被动语态 结构：主语+was/were+动词过去分词 例句： (I)The letter was written by my father an hour ago.(主语单数，用was+written) (2)Some photos were taken by us during the trip.(主语复数，用were+taken) 7.过去完成时（过去某一时间或动作之前完成的动作，即”过去的过去”) 1.时间标志词 by the end of last year(到去年年底为止)、before he came here(在他来这儿之前)、when we arrived (当我们到达时) 2.主动语态 结构：主语+had+动词过去分词 例句： (1)He had learned English for five years before he went to America.(had+learned) (2)They had finished their work by 6 o'clock yesterday evening.(had finished) 初中外研版 【语法专版】 动词时态知识点全解 3.被动语态 结构：主语+had+been+动词过去分词 例句： (1)The house had been sold by the time we wanted to buy it.(had been sold) (2)All the preparations had been made before the meeting started.(had been+made) 知识点三：现在进行时的特殊用法 1.表现阶段正在进行的动作（非此时此刻） 1.表示当前一段时间内持续进行的动作→例句：She is studying French this term.(她这学期正在学法 语。) 2.与always/constantly等词连用表反复或习惯性动作（常含感情色彩）→例句：He is always losing his keys.(他老是丢钥匙。) 3.描述计划或安排好的近期动作（常与表将来的时间状语连用）→例句：My parents are leaving for Beijing tomorrow.(我父母明天要去北京。) 2.现在进行时与一般现在时的区别（中考易错) 1.时间范围差异： (I)现在进行时强调'此刻或现阶段正在进行'→例句：Listen!Someone is singing in the next room. (听！有人正在隔壁唱歌。) (2)一般现在时强调'经常性、习惯性动作”→例句：She sings in the music club every Sunday.(她每 周日在音乐俱乐部唱歌。) 2.状态动词使用差异： (I)现在进行时不用于表示状态的动词（如like/know/believe等）→错误：I am liking ice cream.(正 确：I like ice cream.) (2)一般现在时可用于状态动词→例句：He knows the answer to the question.(他知道这个问题的答 案。) 3.现在进行时的被动语态（中考拓展） 1.基本结构：am/is/are+being+过去分词 2.中考常考场景： (I)描述正在被进行的动作→例句：The classroom is being cleaned by the students now.(学生们正在 打扫教室。) (2)新闻报道或现场描述中的被动动作→例句：A new hospital is being built in our city..(我们城市正 在建一座新医院。) 5 初中外研版 【语法专版】 动词时态知识点全解 考法精析 考法一：现在进行时结构辨析 核心：根据现在进行时be+doing”的基本结构，判断句子中be动词与动词-ing形式是否正确搭配 真题1（语法填空）： Listen!Someone_(sing)in the next room.It sounds beautiful. 答案：is singing 解析：由情景提示词Listen!’可知动作正在进行，用现在进行时；主语为不定代词someone(三 单)，be动词用is,sing的现在分词为singing。 真题2（单项选择)： Look!The students_basketball on the playground. A.play B.plays C.are playing D.played 答案：C 解析：由情景提示词Look”可知动作正在进行，用现在进行时，结构为be+doing”;主语students 为复数，be动词用are,play的现在分词为playing。 考法二：现在分词拼写及用法综合考查 核心：结合动词现在分词变化规则与现在进行时特殊用法，判断动词形式及时态合理性 真题1（语法填空)： Look!The students-(plan)a school trip to the museum these days. 答案：are planning 解析：由情景提示词Look!”及时间标志'these days”可知，动作现阶段持续进行，用现在进行时： plan以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写尾字母加-ing,be动词用are。 真题2（单选题）： My brother_always-(lose)his mobile phone.It makes my parents angry. A.is losing B.loses C.lost D.will lose 答案：A 解析：与awys连用表不满情绪，用现在进行时：主语为三单，be动词用is,lose以不发音e结尾， 去e加-ing。 考法三：现在进行时的综合运用与时态辨析 核心：结合现在进行时的基本结构、特殊用法及与其他时态的区别，根据语境判断时态。 真题1（单项选择）： 6 初中外研版 【语法专版】 动词时态知识点全解 Look!The workersa new road in our neighborhood and they it for three weeks. A.build;build B.are building;have been building C.built;built D.will build;will build 答案：B 解析：第一空由Look!”可知动作正在进行，用现在进行时”are building'”;第二空由”for three weeks' 可知动作从过去持续到现在，用现在完成进行时have been building”,此处通过现在进行时与现在 完成进行时的对比考查现在进行时表正在进行的用法。 真题2（语法填空)： My brother-(always lose)his school things.Look!He(look)for his keys again. 答案：is always losing;is looking 解析：第一空由”always”可知表反复动作且含不满情绪，用现在进行时'is always losing”';第二空 由'Look!,可知动作正在进行，用现在进行时”is looking”,综合考查现在进行时与频率副词连用及 表正在进行的用法。 解题小妙招 现在进行时妙招 进行时态看标志，Listen Look这些词； 基本结构be doing,be动词随主语变； 三单主语用is,复数主语搭配are: 现在分词要记牢，规则变化有三种： 重读闭音辅元辅，双写尾字母加ing: 不发音e结尾词，去e再加ing形式： 特殊用法有技巧，always连用表情绪： 结合标志品语境，时态辨析准没错。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择（共10题） 1.Listen!The birds in the tree outside. A.sing B.sings C.are singing D.sang 2.My motherdinner in the kitchen now. A.cook B.cooks C.is cooking D.cooked 3.-What_youthis weekend? -I'm visiting my aunt in Shanghai. 7 初中外研版 【语法专版】 动词时态知识点全解 A.do;do B.are;doing C.did do D.will;do 4.Look!The childrenhappily in the park. A.play B.plays C.are playing D.played 5.He-always-late for school.His teacher is angry. A.is;arrive B.is;arriving C.arrives D.arrived 6.The workers_a new bridge over the river these days. A.build B.builds C.are building D.built 7.-your father_TV now? -No,he's reading a newspaper. A.Do;watch B.Does;watch C.Is;watching D.Did;watch 8.The leaves_yellow in autumn. A.turn B.turns C.are turning D.turned 9.We_for a picnic next Sunday.Would you like to join us? A.go B.goes C.are going D.went 10.My uncleto London tomorrow morning. A.fly B.flies C.is flying D.flew 演练二：填空（共10题） 1.Look!The girl_(dance)in the hall 2.They_(not play)football now.They're doing homework. 3.-What_Tom_(do)at the moment? -He's listening to music. 4.My brother_(swim)in the pool every afternoon,but today he(swim)in the sea. 5.The students-(plan)a party for their teacher these days. 6.Listen!Someone_(knock)at the door. 7.She(always talk)in class.The teacher doesn't like it. 8.We_(visit)the Great Wall next month. 9.The sun_(rise)in the east and(set)in the west. 10.My parents(not watch)TV now.They're reading books. 演练三：语法填空（共10空) 1.It's Sunday morning.The Smith family-(have)a busy but happy day. 2.Mr.Smith_(work)in the garden-he_(plant)some flowers 8 初中外研版 【语法专版】 动词时态知识点全解 3.Mrs.Smith(cook)breakfast in the kitchen. 4.She(make)pizza for the family. Their children,Lily and Tom,-(not sleep). 5.Lily_(draw)a picture in her room. 6.She(color)a big red apple. 7.Tom(play)with his toy cars in the living room. 8.He(always leave)his toys everywhere,but today he's putting them in the box after playing. Later,they-(go)to the park. 9.Lily wants to fly a kite,and Tom is looking forward to playing frisbee.It's going to be a great day! 答案区 演练-：1.C2.C3B4.C5.B6.C7.C8.A9.C10.C 1.is dancing 2.are not playing 3.is;doing 4.swims;is swimming 5.are planning 6.is knocking 7.is always talking 8.are visiting 9.rises;sets 10.are not watching 1.are having 2.is working;is planting 3.is cooking 4.is making 5.are not sleeping 6.is drawing 7.is coloring 8.is playing 9.is always leaving 10.are going 9