词法 03-2025-2026学年英语中考复习语法知识点全解（外研版)

初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 寒假专版 【专题】名词：单复数、可数/不可数、所 有格 语法专项突破 考频分析 初三外研版中，名词是重点语法模块，考频占词法总量的15%左右，贯穿试卷所有核心题型：单项 选择2-3题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空2-4题、书面表达核心考察，直接影响句子完整性与准确 性。在语境理解类题目中，名词的单复数、可数与不可数及所有格形式往往是解题关键。 考查内容 1.单复数变化：规则变化（加s/es等）与不规则变化（如man一→men)的辨析与正确形式 2.可数与不可数：可数名词的数量表达及不可数名词的量化方式（如a piece of) 3.所有格形式：'s所有格（如Tom's book)与of结构（如he cover of the book)的用法区别与语境匹 配 知识点一：名词的单复数、可数性及所有格 1.单复数（规则/不规则) 1.规则变化：一般在词尾加-s(book→books):以sx/sh/ch结尾加-es(bus-→buses,box→boxes):以 辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i加-es(city→cities) 2.不规则变化：man→men,woman-→vomen,child→children,sheep→sheep(单复数同形) 3.例句：(I)There are three books on the desk.(规则复数)(2)The woman has two children.(不规则复 数) 2.可数/不可数 1.可数名词：可表示具体数量，有单复数形式(apple-→apples,student-→students) 2.不可数名词：不可直接用数词修饰，无复数形式(water,rice,information) 初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 3.例句：(I)I have an apple.(可数名词单数)(2)She drinks some water every day.(不可数名词) 3.所有格(s/of结构) 1.s所有格：用于有生命的名词(Tom一→Tom's,children→children's) 2.of结构：用于无生命的名词(the door of the room,the cover of the book) 3.例句：(1)This is Tom'sbag.('s所有格)(2)The color of the pen is red.(of结构) 知识点二：名词的核心用法分类 1.单复数规则变化 1.一般加-s:book→books(书)、student一→students(学生)、apple→apples(苹果) 2.以s,x,sh,ch结尾加-es:bus→buses(公共汽车)、box→boxes(盒子)、bush→brushes(刷子)、 watch→watches(手表) 3.以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i加-es:city一cities(城市)、baby→babies(婴儿)；元音字母+y 结尾直接加-s:boy→boys(男孩)、toy→toys(玩具) 4.以ffe结尾，变ffe为v加-es:leaf→leaves(叶子)、kife→knives(刀)：部分直接加-s:Ioof →roofs（屋顶)、safe→safes(保险箱) 2.单复数不规则变化 1.完全不规则：man→men(男人)、woman→women(女人)、child→children(孩子)、foot→feet (脚)、tooth→teeth(牙齿) 2.单复数同形：sheep→sheep(绵羊)、deer一→deer(鹿)、fish→fish(鱼，强调条数时)、Chinese→ Chinese(中国人) 3.特殊变化：nouse→mice（老鼠)、ox→oxen（公牛)、goose→geese(鹅) 3.可数与不可数名词区分及用法 1.可数名词：有单复数形式，可直接用数词修饰，可加a/an。 ·例句：There are three books on the desk.(桌上有三本书。)/She has an apple.(她有一个苹果。) 2.不可数名词：无复数形式，不能直接用数词修饰，表数量需借助量词短语。 ·常见类别：液体(water水、milk牛奶)、抽象名词(information信息、happiness幸福)、物质名 词(rice米饭、salt盐) ·例句：I need a glass of water..(我需要一杯水。)/She gave me some good advice.(她给了我一些 好建议。) 2 初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 4.所有格形式 1.s所有格：用于有生命的名词及某些时间、距离名词。 ·单数名词：the girl'sbag(女孩的包)、Tom's bike(汤姆的自行车) ·复数名词：the students'classroom(学生们的教室)、the teachers'office(老师们的办公室) ·共有时：Lucy and Lily's mother(露西和莉莉的妈妈，两人共有的妈妈) 。各自所有：Lucy's and Lily's rooms(露西的房间和莉莉的房间，各自的房间) 2.of所有格：用于无生命的名词及名词短语。 。例句：the door of the house(房子的门)、the name of the book(书的名字) ●双重所有格：a friend of my father's(我爸爸的一个朋友)、a photo of Tom's(汤姆的一张照片) 知识点三：名词的所有格 1.s所有格（中考基础) 1.单数名词直接加's一例句：This is Tom's book.(这是汤姆的书。) 2.以s结尾的复数名词加'→例句：These are the students'desks.(这些是学生们的课桌。) 3.不以s结尾的复数名词加's→例句：Children's Day is on June 1st.(儿童节在6月1日。) 4.并列名词所有格（共有/分别拥有）： 。共有：A and B's+名词（两人共有的）→例句：This is Lucy and Lily's room.(这是露西和莉莉 共有的房间。) 。分别拥有：A's and B's+名词（两人分别拥有的）→例句：These are Lucy's and Lily's bags.(这 些是露西和莉莉各自的包。) 2.0f所有格（中考常考） 1.表时间/距离/国家等：the map of China(中国地图)→例句：I have a map of China on the wall 2.名词短语所有格：the door of the classroom(教室的门)→例句：Please close the door of the classroom. 3.双重所有格（强调部分）：a friend of my father's(我父亲的一位朋友)→例句：He is a friend of my father's. 3.特殊所有格（中考易错) 1.省略名词的所有格：at the doctor's(在诊所)→例句：She is ill and goes to the doctor's. 2.所有格与时间/金钱搭配：ten minutes'walk(十分钟的步行路程)→例句：It's only ten minutes'walk from here 3.节日所有格：Teachers'Day(教师节)→例句：Ne say"Happy Teachers'Day”to our teachers. 3 初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 考法精析 考法一：名词单复数变化辨析 核心：根据名词词尾特征及规则/不规则变化规律，判断并填写正确复数形式 真题1（语法填空)： There are three_(knife)on the table.Please put them away. 答案：knives 解析：以ffe结尾的名词变复数时，需变ffe为v加-es,knife的复数形式为knives。 真题2（单项选择）： How many_are there in the basket? A.potato B.potatos C.potatoes D.potato's 答案：C 解析：以o结尾的名词，有生命的加-es,potato(土豆)为有生命名词，复数形式为potatoes。 考法二：名词单复数与所有格综合运用 核心：结合名词单复数变化规则和所有格用法('so结构)，判断特定语境下的正确形式 真题1（语法填空）： These are the(child)books.They are on the_(teacher)desk. 答案：children's teacher's 解析：第一空，child的复数为children,表”孩子们的书'需用所有格children's:第二空，teacher为 单数，表”老师的书桌”直接加's,即teacher's。 真题2（单项选择)： -Whose room is this? -It's A.Lucy and Lily's B.Lucy's and Lily C.Lucy's and Lily's D.Lucy and Lily 答案：A 解析：由room为单数可知是两人共有房间，共同所有只需最后一个名词加's,即Lucy and Lily's。. 考法三：名词单复数、可数性及所有格综合辨析 核心：结合语境判断名词单复数形式、可数性分类及所有格正确用法 真题1（单项选择)： -Whose_are these?They look new. -They are the_in Class 3. A.knife;students B.knives;students'C.knifes;student's D.knife's;students 答案：B 解析：第一空根据“are these'”可知需用复数，knife的复数为knives:第二空表示“三班学生们的”， 复数名词所有格直接加'，students'符合语法规则。 真题2（语法填空）： 初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 I need two_(box)of_(apple)and some_(rice)for the party.Don't forget to take Tom_(mother) phone number 答案：boxes apples rice mother's 解析：第一空two后接可数名词复数，box变复数加es为boxes::第二空of后接可数名词复数表数 量，apple的复数为apples;第三空rice为不可数名词，无复数形式；第四空表“汤姆的妈妈的”，用 名词所有格mother's。 解题小妙招 名词单复妙招 名词复数看词尾，ffe变v加-es: o结尾分生命，有生命的加-es: 名词所有格用法，复数名词先变复： 共同所有最后加，分别所有各加'$。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择（共10题） 1.There are two_on the table. A.potato B.potatos C.potatoes D.potato's 2.This is my-room.They live together A.brother and sister's B.brother's and sister C.brother's and sister's D.brother and sister 3.How many-are there in your school? A.class B.classes C.class's D.class'es 4.The office is on the second floor. A.teachers B.teacher's C.teachers'D.teacher 5.I have three_and two_ A.knife;tomato B.knifes;tomatos C.knives;tomatoes D.knife's,tomato's 6.-Whose books are these? -They are the_. A.children's B.childrens'C.child's D.childrens 7.There is some_in the bottle. A.waters B.water C.apple D.books 初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 8.My father bought two_yesterday. A.radio B.radios C.radioes D.radio's 9.This is a photo of A.my family B.my family's C.me family D.family's 10.The-are playing games on the playground. A.class B.classes C.class's D.school 演练二：填空（共10题) 1.These(box)are full of apples 2.My_(baby)toys are on the floor. 3.There are many_(sheep)on the farm. 4.This is_(Tom)new bike. 5.The(leaf)turn yellow in autumn. 6.I need two_(glass)of water. 7.The(woman)are talking under the tree. 8.This is the_(student)classroom. 9.My_(parent)room is next to mine 10.He has three_(watch)in his drawer. 演练三：语法填空（共10空） Hello,everyone!Welcome to our school.Look at these(building)around us.The tall one is our library. You can find many(book)there.On the first floor,there is a_(teacher)office.Our English teacher,Ms. Wang,works there. Next to the library is the(child)playground.Many(boy)and_(girl)play games there after class Today,some(student)are cleaning the playground.Their-(parent)often come to help,too. Look!That small red house is the_(school)garden.There are some_(potato)and tomatoes in it.Our school is beautiful,isn't it? 答案区 演练-：1.C2.A3B4.C5.C6.A7B8B9.A10.A 1.boxes 2.baby's 3.sheep 4.Tom's 5.leaves 6.glasses 7.women 8.students'9.parents'10.watches 1.buildings 2.books 3.teacher's 4.children's 5.boys 6.girls 7.students 8.parents 9.school's 10.potatoes 6