动词时态02-2025-2026学年英语中考复习语法知识点全解（外研版)

初三下册外研版 【动词时态专版】 过去完成时全解 中考必考 【专题】过去完成时：had+done结构 语法专项突破 考频分析 初三外研版中，过去完成时是动词时态模块的重要语法点，考频占动词时态考察总量的15%左右， 主要分布在核心题型中：单项选择1题、完形填空1-2题、语法填空1题。在语境理解类题目中， 过去完成时had+done”结构表”过去的过去”的用法，以及与by the time/before引导的时间状语的 搭配是解题关键，尤其需要注意上下文时间先后关系的判断。 考查内容 。动词分类应用：系动词、实义动词、情态动词、助动词的辨析与功能 。时态与语态：过去完成时(had+done结构)的基本结构与语境匹配（表过去的过去、by the time/before 引导的时间状语)，主动语态与被动语态的转换 ·非谓语动词：todo、doing、do的固定搭配与句法功能（作宾语、宾语补足语、定语等） 知识点一：过去完成时的结构及用法 1.基本结构：had+动词过去分词 ·构成形式：主语+had+done(done代表动词过去分词) 。例句：She had finished her homework before dinner.(她在晚饭前已经完成了作业) 2.核心含义：表示过去的过去 ·时间逻辑：动作A发生在过去某个动作B之前，A用过去完成时，B用一般过去时 。例句：When I arrived at the station,the train had already left.(我到达车站时，火车已经开走了) 3.常用时间状语：by the time/before引导 。by the time+一般过去时句子：By the time he came back,we had cleaned the room.(到他▣来时， 我们已经打扫完房间了) ●before+-一般过去时句子：I had learned 1000 words before I entered middle school.(我上初中前已 经学了1000个单词) 1 初三下册外研版 【动词时态专版】 过去完成时全解 知识点二：必考时态和被动语态 1.过去完成时（过去某个动作之前发生的动作，”过去的过去”） ·时间标志词：by+过去时间点（如by20l9、by last Friday)、before+过去时句子（如before he left)、when+一般过去时句子（如When I arrived)、by the time+过去时句子（如by the time she came back) ·主动语态：结构：主语+had+动词过去分词（无单复数变化，统一用had) l.例句：He had finished his work by5p.m.yesterday.(had+finished) 2.例句：They had left before I arrived.(had+left:arrived是一般过去时，”离开”在到达”之 前) 。被动语态：结构：主语+had been+动词过去分词(had been体现”过去完成时”，过去分词体现” 被动”) l.例句：His work had been finished by him by5p.m.yesterday..(had been+finished的过去分词 finished) 2.例句：The room had been cleaned by them before I arrived..(had been+cleaned的过去分词 cleaned) 2.过去进行时（过去某个时刻/时间段正在发生的动作） ·时间标志词：at8p.m.yesterday(昨天晚上8点)、this time last week(上周这个时候)、whe+ 一般过去时句子（如When he came in)、while+过去进行时句子（如while she was cooking) ·主动语态：结构：主语+was/were+动词现在分词(doing)(主语单数/三单用was,复数用were) l.例句：She was watching TV at8p.m.yesterday..(三单主语，用was+watching) 2.例句：He was reading a newspaper when the phone rang.（三单主语，用was+reading;rang是 一般过去时) ·被动语态：结构：主语+was/were+-being+动词过去分词(was/were体现”过去”，being体现”进 行”，过去分词体现”被动”) l.例句：TV was being watched by her at8p.m.yesterday.(主语单数，用was being+watch的过 去分词watched) 2.例句：The guitar was being played by him while his sister was singing.(主语单数，用was being+-play的过去分词played:while引导并列过去进行时) 3.现在完成时（过去动作对现在的影响/动作持续到现在） ·时间标志词：already(已经，肯定句)、yet(还，否定句/疑问句)、for+时间段（如for3 years)、 since+时间点（如since2020)、so far（到目前为止）、recently（最近) 。主动语态：结构：主语+have/has+动词过去分词（主语单数/三单用has,复数/第一人称用have) I.例句：I have finished my homework already..(第一人称，用have+finished) 2.例句：He has lived here for5 years.(三单主语，用has+-lived) 2 初三下册外研版 【动词时态专版】 ，过去完成时全解 。被动语态：结构：主语+have/has been+动词过去分词(have/has been体现”现在完成时”，过去 分词体现”被动”) l.例句：My homework has been finished by me already.（主语不可数，用has been+-finished的 过去分词finished) 2.例句：This house has been lived in by him for5 years.(主语单数，用has been+-lived的过去分 词lived;live是不及物动词，需加in) 4.现在进行时（此时此刻正在发生的动作） 。时间标志词：now(现在)、at the moment（此刻)、look(看，句首提示)、listen(听，句首提 示)、these days(这些天，表现阶段) ●主动语态：结构：主语+am/is/are+动词现在分词(doing)(主语单数/三单用is,第一人称用 am,复数用are) 1.例句：I am reading a book now.(第一人称，用am+reading) 2.例句：They are planting trees these days.(复数主语，用are+planting) 。被动语态：结构：主语+am/is/are+-being+动词过去分词(being体现”正在进行”，过去分词体 现”被动”) 1.例句：A book is being read by me now.(主语单数，用is being+read的过去分词read) 2.例句：Trees are being planted by them these days.(主语复数，用are being+plant的过去分词 planted) 5.一般现在时（常态、规律、客观真理） ●时间标志词：always(总是)、usually(通常)、often(经常)、every day/week/month(每天/周/月)、 on Sundays(在周日)、客观真理（无具体时间词，如”地球绕太阳转”)、sometimes(有时) 。主动语态：结构：主语+动词原形（主语为非三单）/动词第三人称单数（主语为三单） 1.例句：They play basketball every afternoon.(非三单主语，动词用原形play) 2.例句：She teaches English in a middle school..(三单主语，动词用teaches) 。被动语态：结构：主语+am/is/are+动词过去分词（主语单复数决定am/is/are的选择） 1.例句：Basketball is played by them every afternoon.(主语单数，用is;play的过去分词为played) 2.例句：English is taught by her in a middle school.(主语不可数，用is;teach的过去分词为 taught) 6.一般过去时（过去某个时间发生的动作/状态，已结束） 。时间标志词：yesterday(昨天)、last week/month/year(上周/月/年)、just now(刚才)、in2020 (在2020年)、three days ago(三天前)、once(曾经) ·主动语态：结构：主语+动词过去式（无单复数变化） I.例句：He watched a movie yesterday evening.(watch的过去式为watched) 2.例句：They visited the Great Wall last summer..(visit的过去式为visited) ●被动语态：结构：主语+was/were+动词过去分词（主语单数用was,复数用were) 初三下册外研版 【动词时态专版】 ，过去完成时全解 l.例句：A movie was watched by him yesterday evening.(主语单数，用was:watch的过去分 词为watched) 2.例句：The Great Wall was visited by them last summer.(主语单数，用was:visit的过去分词 为visited) 7.一般将来时（将来某个时间发生的动作/计划） 。时间标志词：tomorrow(明天)、next week/month/year(下周/月/年)、in the future(在未来)、soon (很快)、in three days(三天后)、tomorrow morning(明天早上) 。主动语态：结构：口主语+will+动词原形口主语+am/is/are going to+动词原形 1.例句：We will hold a party next Friday..(will+原形hold) 2.例句：She is going to buy a new dress tomorrow.(主语三单，用is going to+原形buy) ·被动语态：结构：口主语+will be+动词过去分词口主语+am/is/are going to be+动词过去分词 1.例句：A party will be held by us next Friday.(will be+hold的过去分词held) 2.例句：A new dress is going to be bought by her tomorrow.(is going to be+buy的过去分词bought) 知识点三：过去完成时 1.基本结构 。肯定句：主语+had+过去分词(done)一例句：She had finished her homework before her mother came back 。否定句：主语+hadnot(hadn't)+过去分词一例句：They hadn't eaten dinner by7p.m. ●疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词→例句：Had he left when you arrived? 2.时间状语标志（中考必背） ·by the time引导时间状语从句→例句：By the time I got to the station,the train had already left. 。before引导时间状语从句→例句：Ihad learned 1000 words before I entered middle school.. ·”过去的过去”语境提示→例句：He told me he had visited Beijing twice. 3.常见用法（中考核心) 。表示过去某动作前已完成的动作一例句：When she arrived,the party had already started, 。表示过去某时间前持续的状态→例句：We had lived in this city for 10 years before we moved. 。与一般过去时对比（中考易错）一例句：I met him yesterday.I had seen him once before,. 考法精析 考法一：过去完成时基本结构及主动语态运用 初三下册外研版 【动词时态专版】 过去完成时全解 核心：识别过去完成时的主动语态结构，根据动作先后关系判断是否使用该时态 真题1（语法填空）： By the time my mom came back,I_(finish)my homework. 答案：had finished 解析：由时间标志词'By the time+一般过去时句子”可知，主句动作发生在从句动作之前，即”过 去的过去”，用过去完成时：结构为had+过去分词'，finish的过去分词为finished。. 真题2（完形填空)： When Lily arrived at the cinema,the filmalready A.has;started B.had;started C.will;start D.is;starting 答案：B 解析：由时间标志词Whn+一般过去时句子，可知，主句动作发生在从句动作之前，用过去完成 时，结构为had+过去分词”，stat的过去分词为started。 考法二：过去完成时与一般过去时对比 核心：根据动作发生的先后顺序及时间状语，区分使用过去完成时（强调过去的过去）和一般过去 时（单纯过去时间) 真题1（语法填空）： When I_(arrive)at the cinema,the movie(start)already. 答案：arrived had started 解析：”到达电影院”是过去发生的动作（一般过去时），”电影开始”在”到达”之前，即过去的过 去，用过去完成时；arrive的过去式为arrived,.stat的过去分词为started。 真题2（单项选择）： She told me she_the book before she_to the library. A.read went B.had read went C.readhad gone D.had read had gone 答案：B 解析：”告诉”是过去动作，”读书”在”告诉”之前（过去的过去）用过去完成时：”去图书馆？是 与”告诉”同时或之后的过去动作，用一般过去时。 考法三：过去完成时主动与被动语态的辨析及时间标志词运用 核心：结合”过去的过去”时间逻辑，区分过去完成时主动语态(had+过去分词)与被动语态(had ben+过去分词)，准确识别by+过去时间点、before/when+一般过去时句子等标志词 真题1（单项选择）： By the time my parents got home,I-all the chores. A.finished B.have finished C.had finished D.had been finished 答案：C 解析：主语T”是动作finish”的执行者，用主动语态；”by the time+一般过去时句子（got home)” 初三下册外研版 【动词时态专版】 过去完成时全解 表示'过去的过去”，需用过去完成时，结构为had+过去分词”，finish的过去分词为finished。 真题2（语法填空）： The classroom_(clean)by the students before the teacher arrived. 答案：had been cleaned 解析：主语The classroom”是动作”clean''的承受者，用被动语态：”before+一般过去时句子(arrived) ”提示”打扫'发生在到达”之前，即过去的过去”，用过去完成时被动语态，结构为had been+ 过去分词'，clean的过去分词为cleaned。 解题小妙招 时态判断看标志，没有标志品语境： 过去完成找'过去的过去”，by the time/when从句常提示： 主动结构had+done”,动作先后是关键： 一般过去表单纯过去，过去完成强调先发生： 两个动作比先后，先发生的用had done'”,后发生的用did'。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择（共10题） 1.By the time Tomhome,his parents_dinner. A.got had cooked B.gets have cooked C.will get cook D.got cooked 2.She said she the Great Wall twice before 2023 A.visits B.visited C.has visited D.had visited 3.When I arrived at the station,the train-already_ A.has left B.had left C.will leave D.is leaving 4.They_the room by the time their teacher came in. A.clean B.cleaned 6 初三下册外研版 【动词时态专版】 过去完成时全解 C.have cleaned D.had cleaned 5.My brother _1000 English words by last year. A.learns B.learned C.had learned D.will learn 6.The meeting-when I entered the office. A.starts B.started C.has started D.had started 7.He told me he-the book before he bought a new one. A.reads B.read C.had read D.will read 8.By 2022,we in this city for 15 years. A.live B.lived C.have lived D.had lived 9.When Mary_the classroom,the students_their seats. A.enters take B.entered took C.entered had taken D.enters have taken 10.The mail before I checked the mailbox. A.delivers B.delivered C.has delivered D.had been delivered 演练二：填空（共10题） 1.By the time my dad came back,I_(finish)my homework. 2.When she_(arrive)at the party,most people(leave). 3.He said he _(see)the movie three times. 4.We_(live)here for 8 years by last month 7 初三下册外研版 【动词时态专版】 过去完成时全解 5.The thief(run)away when the police arrived. 6.Before Lucy_(go)to bed,she_(read)a story. 7.By 2020,my uncle_(work)in the hospital for 20 years. 8.My mom told me she_(buy)a new dress for me. 9.When I(open)the door,the rain(stop). 10.They_(not eat)dinner when I called them. 演练三：语法填空（共10空) Last Sunday,I decided to visit my grandparents.I(call)them in the morning,but no one answered.I thought they might be out.When I(arrive)at their house at noon,the door was locked.I_(wait)for 10 minutes when a neighbor told me they_(go)to the park. I_ (walk)to the park and saw them sitting on a bench.Grandpa said they-(have)breakfast early and (leave)home at 8 a.m."We-(plan)to visit your aunt,but she-(call)to say she was busy,"Grandma explained.I felt happy to see them.We_(chat)for an hour before we went back home together. 参考答案 演练-：1.A2D3.B4.D5.C6.D7.C8.D9.C10D 1.had finished 2.arrived had left 3.had seen 4.had lived 5.had run 6.went hadread 7.had worked 8had bought 9.opened had stopped 10.hadn't eaten 1.called 2.arrived 3.had waited 4.had gone 5.walked 6.had had 7.had left 8.had planned 9.had called 10.chatted P