基础句法 02-2025-2026学年英语中考复习语法知识点全解（外研版)

初中外研版 【基础句法】 感叹句专题 基础语法 【专题】感叹句：what引导与how引导 外研版初中语法 考频分析 基础句法外研版中，感叹句是基础语法模块，考频占句法总量的15%左右，涉及试卷常见题型：单 项选择(1-2题)、完形填空(1-2题)、语法填空(1题)、书面表达（辅助考察，影响句子情感表 达准确性)。在语境应用类题目中，what修饰名词短语与how修饰形容词/副词的辨析往往是解题 关键。 考查内容 。what引导感叹句：名词短语前的搭配规则（可数名词单数a/an的使用、可数名词复数及不可数名 词的直接修饰) ·ow引导感叹句：形容词/副词前的语法结构（直接修饰形容词或副词，无需名词搭配） 知识点一：感叹句的结构及用法 1.what引导的感叹句（修饰名词短语） 1.基本结构：What+(a/an)+形容词+名词+（主语+谓语）！ 2.例句： ·What a beautiful flower(itis！(修饰可数名词单数，加a) ·What interesting books(they are)!(修饰可数名词复数，不加冠词) 。What fine weather(itis!(修饰不可数名词，不加冠词) 2.how引导的感叹句（修饰形容词/副词) 1.基本结构：How+形容词/副词+（主语+谓语）川 2.例句： ·How tall the boy is!(修饰形容词tall) ·How fast he runs!(修饰副词fast) 初中外研版 【基础句法】 感叹句专题 ·How happy they are!!(修饰形容词happy) 知识点二：感叹句的结构与用法 1.what引导的感叹句（修饰名词短语) 1.基本结构： ●What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数(+主语+谓语)划 。Wat+形容词+可数名词复数(+主语+谓语)！ ·What+形容词+不可数名词（什主语+谓语）！ 2.例句： ·What a beautiful flower(itis!(修饰可数名词单数flower,beautiful是形容词) ·What interesting books(they are)!(修饰可数名词复数books,interesting是形容词) 。What fine weather(itis)!(修饰不可数名词weather,fine是形容词) 2.how引导的感叹句（修饰形容词/副词) 1.基本结构： ●How+形容词(+主语+谓语)！ ·How+副词（什主语+谓语） 2.例句： ●How tall the boy is!(修饰形容词tall,主语是the boy,谓语是is) ●How fast he runs!(修饰副词fast,主语是he,谓语是uns) 知识点三：感叹句 1.what引导（名词短语) 1.基础结构拓展（中考必背）： ●What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数(+主语+谓语)→例句：What a beautiful flower(itis)! ·What+形容词+可数名词复数(+主语+谓语)→例句：What clever students(hey are)! ·What+形容词+不可数名词(+主语+谓语)→例句：What delicious food(itis)! ·What+a+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语例句：What a lovely dog it is! ·What+形容词+可数名词复数+主语+谓语→例句：What tall trees they are! ·What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语一例句：What bad weather it is! 初中外研版 【基础句法】 感叹句专题 2.how引导（形容词/副词) 1.基础结构拓展（中考必背）： 。How+形容词(+主语+谓语)→例句：How happy(she is)! ·How+副词（+主语+谓语)→例句：How fast(he runs)! 。How+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数(+主语+谓语)→例句：How nice a girl(heis! ●How+主语+谓语一例句：How time flies! 。How+形容词+主语+系动词→例句：How beautiful the garden is! 。How+副词+主语+实义动词→例句：How carefully she writes! 3.常见易错对比（中考核心） 1.What与How转换：What a clever boy he is!How clever the boy is! 2.不可数名词前用what:What good news it is!(V)How good news it is!(×) 3.形容词后有名词用what:What a sunny day!(√)How a sunny day！(×) 4.副词修饰动词用how:How hard he works!!(√)What hard he works!(×) 考法精析 考法一：感叹句引导词辨析(what/how) 核心：根据被修饰成分（名词短语/形容词/副词），选择正确的引导词what或how 真题1（语法填空）： -interesting story it is!I want to read it again. 答案：What an 解析：被修饰成分为名词短语'interesting story',其中stoy为可数名词单数，应用what引导，且 interesting以元音音素开头，不定冠词用an,故填What an。 真题2（单项选择)： fast the boy runs!He must be the winner of the race. A.What B.How C.What a D.How a 答案：B 解析：被修饰成分为副词”fast”,应用how引导，how后直接接副词，无需加冠词，故答案为B。 考法二：what与how引导感叹句的转换与辨析 3 初中外研版 【基础句法】 感叹句专题 核心：根据句子结构判断使用what或how引导感叹句，掌握两者表达相同含义时的转换规则及常 见错误辨析 真题1（句型转换)： What a clever boy he is!(改为how引导的感叹句) 答案：How clever the boy is! 解析：原句what修饰名词短语a clever boy,转换为how引导时需修饰形容词clever,结构为“How +形容词+主语+谓语！”，故将a clever boy转换为the boy作主语。 真题2（单项选择)： _fast he runs! A.What B.How C.What a D.How a 答案：B 解析：句中fast为副词，修饰动词runs,根据how引导感叹句修饰副词的结构“How+副词+（主 语+谓语)！”，应选how:how后不能直接接a/an,排除D:what用于修饰名词短语，排除A、C。 考法三：感叹句引导词What/How的综合辨析与结构应用 核心：根据被修饰成分（名词短语/形容词/副词）选择正确引导词，掌握What和How的完整结构 及中考易错点（如a/an的使用、形容词与名词的位置） 真题1（单项选择)： _interesting story it is!We all like it very much. A.What B.What a C.What an D.How 答案：C 解析：被修饰成分是'interesting story',为”形容词+可数名词单数”的名词短语结构，应用What 引导：”interesting”以元音音素开头，故用an,完整结构为What an+形容词+可数名词单数(+主 语+谓语)”。 真题2（语法填空）： -fast the students are running on the playground!They are preparing for the sports meeting. 答案：How 解析：被修饰成分是副词fast”,应用How引导，结构为How+副词(+主语+谓语)！”，符合”副 词修饰动词时只能用how”的中考常考点。 解题小妙招 感叹句解题妙招 感叹句中辨what/how,先看被修饰成分： 4 初中外研版 【基础句法】感叹句专题 名词短语用what,形副直接用how: what a/an跟单数，不可数/复数不加a: how后形副紧相连，a/an千万不能添： 转换牢记修饰变，what名换how形副： 主谓结构莫忘记，句末感叹号收尾。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择（共10题） 1.interesting book it is!I want to read it again. A What B What an C How D How an 2.fast the girl runs!She must win the race. A What B What a C How D How a 3.-beautiful flowers they are in the garden! A What B What a C How D How an 4.happy the children are on Children's Day! A What B What a C How D How an 5.-lovely a cat it is!Everyone likes it. A What B What a C How D How an 6.bad weather we have today!We can't go out A What B What a C How D How an 7.-carefully the students are listening to the teacher! A What B What a C How D How an 8.tall buildings they built in the city center! A What B What a C How D How an 9.-important news it is for us!We must tell our parents A What B What a C How D How an 10.slowly the old man walks!Let's help him A What B What a C How D How an 演练二：填空（共10题） 1.-clever boy Tom is! 2.fast the horse runs! 3.-interesting stories they told us! 初中外研版 【基础句法】 感叹句专题 4.-happy she looks today! 5.fine day it is for a walk! 6.-hard the workers are working! 7.beautiful music we are listening to! 8.tall the mountain is in the distance! 9.useful advice our teacher gave us! 10.-lovely pandas they are in the zoo! 演练三：语法填空 It was Sunday morning.My friends and I decided to climb a mountain.When we arrived,I shouted, "(What a)high mountain it is!"Lily looked at the path and said,"(How)steep the road is!We need to be careful,.” After walking for 30 minutes,Tom pointed to a bird and cried,"(What a)beautiful bird!Look at its colorful feathers!"I smiled and replied,"(How)lucky we are to see it here!" At noon,we sat under a tree.Mike took out apples and said,"(What)fresh apples these are!My mom bought them this morning.""(How)sweet they taste!"Mary said happily. In the afternoon,we reached the top.The view was amazing."(What)a wonderful view!"all of us shouted together.I thought,"(How)happy I am to climb with my best friends!" On the way down,a little girl fell down.We helped her up.Her mom said,(What)kind children you are!"We felt proud and replied,"(How)happy we are to help others!" 答案区 演练-：1B2.C3.A4.C5.C6.A7.C8.A9.A10.C 演练二：1.What a2.How3.What4.How5.What a6.How7.What8.How9.What10.What 演练三：1.What a2.How3.What a4.How5.What6.How7.What8.How9.What10.How 6