基础句法 01-2025-2026学年英语中考复习语法知识点全解（外研版)

初中外研版 【基础句法】 There be句型全解 基础句法 【专题】There be句型 语法专项突破 考频分析 初一外研版中，There be句型是基础句法模块，考频占句法总量的l5%左右，主要分布在核心基础 题型：单项选择(2-3题)、语法填空(1-2题)、句型转换(2-3题)。在语境应用类题日中，就近原 则的判断、否定/疑问句式的转换及与have/has的区别往往是解题关键。 考查内容 。就近原则应用：be动词形式与最靠近名词的单复数一致性判断： ·否定与疑问句式：基本结构(There be+not/Be+there+.)及回答方式： 。与have/has的区别：存在句型（无生命）与所属关系（有生命）的语境辨析。 知识点一：There be句型的用法 1.就近原则(be动词形式由最近的名词决定) ·规则说明：当句中有多个名词时，b动词的单复数形式与最靠近它的名词保持一致 。例句：(I)There is a book and two pens on the desk.(最近名词a book为单数，用is)(2)There are two pens and a book on the desk.(最近名词two pens为复数，用are) 2.否定句式（在be动词后加not) 。基本结构：There be+not+名词+地点状语 ·例句：(I)There is not a cat in the room.(单数否定)(2)There are not any books on the shelf.(复数 否定，any用于否定句) 3.疑问句式（将be动词提到句首） ·基本结构：Be+there+名词+地点状语？ ·例句：(I)Is there a park near your home?(单数疑问)(2)Are there any students in the classroom? (复数疑问，any用于疑问句) 初中外研版 【基础句法】 There be句型全解 4.与have/has的区别（表示”存在”vs”拥有”） ·There be:表示某地存在某物/人（无生命主语） →例句：There is a lake in the park.(公园存在一个湖) ·have/has:表示某人/某物拥有某物（有生命主语） →例句：She has a new bike.(她拥有一辆新自行车) 知识点二：There be句型核心用法及易错点 1.就近原则(be动词与最近主语保持一致) 。基本规则：当句中有多个并列主语时，b动词的单复数形式由最靠近它的主语决定。 例句：(I)There is a book and two pens on the desk.(最近主语a book是单数，用is) (2)There are two pens and a book on the desk.(最近主语two pens是复数，用are) 2.否定句式（在be动词后加not) 。肯定句变否定句：直接在is/are/was/were后加not:否定缩写：is not-=isn't,are not=aren't,was not-wasn't,were not-weren't 例句：(1)There isn't a cat in the box.(单数否定，isn't=is not) (2)There aren't any students in the classroom.（复数否定，aren't=are not::否定句中some变any) 3.疑问句式(be动词提至句首) 。一般疑间句：将is/are/was/were提到句首，句末加问号；肯定回答用“Yes,there is/are/was/were.”, 否定▣答用“No,there isn't/aren't/wasn't/weren't.”。 例句：(I)一Is there a park near here?(单数疑问，Is提前) -Yes,there is./No,there isn't. (2)一Are there any apples in the fridge?(复数疑问，Are提前；疑问句中some变any) -Yes,there are./No,there aren't. 4.与have/has的区别（存在vs拥有） 。There be表示“某地/某时有某物”（强调客观存在） 结构：There be+主语+地点/时间状语 例句：There is a library in our school.(学校里存在一个图书馆，强调存在) 。have/has表示“某人/某物拥有某物”（强调所属关系） 结构：主语+have/has+宾语（主语为三单时用has,其他人称用have) 例句：We have a library in our school.(我们学校拥有一个图书馆，强调所属) 。易错对比： There are three books on the desk.(桌上有三本书，存在) My brother has three books.(我弟弟有三本书，拥有) 2 初中外研版 【基础句法】 There be句型全解 知识点三：There be句型的时态变化 1.一般现在时 基本结构：There is+单数名词/不可数名词：There are+复数名词 →例句l:There is a book on the desk.(桌上有一本书。) →例句2：There are three apples in the basket.(篮子里有三个苹果。) 2.一般过去时 基本结构：There was+单数名词/不可数名词；There were+复数名词 →例句l:There was a park here last year.(去年这里有一个公园。) →例句2：There were many students in the classroom yesterday.(昨天教室里有很多学生。) 3.一般将来时 基本结构：There will be+名词（单/复数/不可数）：There is/are going to be+名词 →例句l:There will be a football match tomorrow.(明天将有一场足球赛。) →例句2：There are going to be two new libraries in our city.(我们城市将有两座新图书馆。) 4.现在完成时 基本结构：There has been+单数名词/不可数名词；There have been+复数名词 →例句l:：There has been a big change in our town.(我们小镇发生了巨大变化。) →例句2：There have been three accidents on this road this month.(这个月这条路上发生了三起事故。) 解题小妙招 就近原则妙招 并列主语看最近，单数is来不可数也是is: 复数主语就用are,be动词随最近变。 There be与have辨析妙招 存在用There be,拥有have/has别忘记： There be看主语，单数is复数are: have/has表拥有，三单has其他人称have。 考法精析 考法一：就近原则应用 核心：根据并列主语中最近的名词单复数或是否为不可数名词，确定be动词的正确形式 真题1（语法填空）： There_(be)a pen and three notebooks on the desk. 答案：is 解析：并列主语中最近的”apen”为单数，根据就近原则，be动词用is。 3 初中外研版 【基础句法】 There be句型全解 真题2（单项选择)： There_some water and two bottles in the bag. Ais B are Cam Dbe 答案：A 解析：不可数名词water”离be动词最近，根据就近原则，be动词用is。 考法二：There be句型与have/has的辨析 核心：根据语境判断表达“存在”还是“拥有”，选择There be句型或have/has结构 真题1（单选题）： _a garden in front of my house.My family many flowers in it. A.There is;have B.There are;has C.There has;have D.There be:has 答案：A 解析：第一句表示“房子前存在一个花园”，用There be句型，靠近的名词“a garden”是单数，be 动词用is:第二句表示“我的家人拥有许多花”，主语“my family”强调家庭成员，视为复数，用 have。 真题2（语法填空）： Our school-(have)a big playground.-(there be)many students playing on it now. 答案：has,There are 解析：第一句表示“学校拥有操场”，主语“our school”是第三人称单数，用has:第二句表示“操 场上存在许多学生”，用There be句型，“many students”是复数，be动词用are,句首首字母大写。 考法三：There be句型综合运用及与have/has的辨析 核心：掌握There be句型就近原则、否定/疑间句式转换，并能区分其与have/has表示”存在”和”拥 有”的用法差异 真题1（单项选择）： -a pen and some books on the desk. A.There is B.There are C.Has D.Have 答案：A 解析：There be句型遵循就近原则，最近的主语'apen”为单数，be动词用is:have/has表示拥有'， 主语需为有生命的人或物，此处不符合。 真题2（语法填空)： -there any milk in the fridge? -No,there_.But my mother some in the supermarket yesterday. 答案：Is,ism't,bought 解析：第一空，主语"milk”为不可数名词，There be句型疑问句be动词用is;第二空，否定回答 初中外研版 【基础句法】There be句型全解 用isn't:第三空，主语"ny mother''表示”拥有”，由yesterday'可知用一般过去时had/bought,.此处 bought更符合语境（购买获得）。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择（共10题，聚焦核心考点） 1.Therea map and two photos on the wall. Ais B are Cam Dbe 2.Theresome milk and three apples in the fridge. Ais B are Chave Dhas 3.-a park near our school.Many students play there. A There is B There are C There have D There has 4.My brother_a new bike.ared bike in his room. Ahave;There is B has;There is C has;There are Dhave;There are 5.Theretwo girls and a boy in the classroom now. Ais B are Cwas Dwere 6.There_a girl with three cats in the garden. A is B are Chave Dhas 7.Our city a big zoo.many animals in it. Ahas;There is B have;There are Chas;There are Dhave;There is 8.-any books on the desk? AIs there B Are there CHas there D Have there 9.There-some bread and eggs for breakfast. Ais B are Chave Dhas 10.The classroom_40 desks._40 students in it today. A has;There is Bhas;There are Chave;There is Dhave;There are 5 初中外研版 【基础句法】 There be句型全解 演练二：填空（共10题） 1.There(be)three pens and a ruler in the pencil case. 2.(there be)a big tree in front of the house 3.My school(have)a library.(there be)many books in it. 4.There(not be)any water in the bottle. 5.(be)there a supermarket near your home? 6.There(be)some rice and vegetables on the plate. 7.She(have)a pet dog.(there be)a doghouse in her garden. 8.There(be)two boys with a ball in the playground. 9.Our family_(have)a car.(there be)a car in our garage. 10.There(not be)any students in the classroom now. 演练三：语法填空（共10空） My name is Lily.I live in a small house.1-(there be)a garden behind my house.In the garden,2(there be)many flowers and a small tree.My mother 3_(love)gardening and she 4(have)a lot of tools for it. Near my house,5(there be)a park.Every morning,6(there be)many people doing exercise there. Some children 7(play)games,and some old people 8(read)newspapers. My school is not far from my house.9(there be)a bigplayground in myschool.Many students 10(play) basketball there after class.My school 11-(have)50 teachers and 1000 students.I love my school! (注：因原文空数需严格为10空，实际命题中可调整文本长度。此处按10空示例，删除第11空后 调整为：My school10_have)50 teachers and1000 students.) 答案区 演练-：1.A2.A3.A4B5.B6.A7.C8.B9.A10.B 1.are 2.There is 3.has;There are 4.is not/isn't 5.Is 6.is 7has:There is 8.is 9.has;There is 10.are not/aren't 1.There is 2.there are 3.loves 4.has 5.there is 6.there are 7.play 8.read 9.There is 10.have 6