动词专项02-2025-2026学年英语中考复习语法知识点全解（外研版)

初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 寒假专版 【专题】非谓语动词 动词专项突破 考频分析 初三外研版中，非谓语动词是动词专项的重点语法点，考频占动词模块的15%左右，主要分布在 核心题型：单项选择2题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空2题、书面表达核心考察（直接影响句子结 构复杂度与表达准确性)。在语境理解类题目中，非谓语动词的形式选择(todo/doing/done)及句 法功能（作宾语/状语/定语等）往往是解题关键。 考查内容 ·动词分类应用：系动词、实义动词、情态动词、助动词的辨析与功能 。时态与语态：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时的基本结构与语境匹配，主动语 态与被动语态的转换 。非谓语动词：动词不定式todo作宾语状语宾补、动名词doing作主语宾语、分词doingdone作定语 状语的基础用法与句法功能 知识点一：非谓语动词的分类及基础用法 1.动词不定式(todo形式) 1.作宾语：后接不定式作宾语的常见动词有want（想要)、Iike(喜欢)、decide(决定) 例句：She wants to buy a new book, 2.作状语：常表示目的或结果，可译为“为了”“来” 例句：He studies hard to get good grades..(表目的) 3.作宾补：用于“动词+宾语+不定式”结构，常见动词有tell(告诉)、ask(要求)、want(想要) 例句：My mother tells me to clean the room. 2.动名词(doing形式) 1.作主语：表示抽象动作或习惯性行为，谓语动词用单数 例句：Swimming is good for health. 1 初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 2.作宾语：后接动名词作宾语的常见动词有enjoy(喜欢)、finish(完成)、practice(练习) 例句：They enjoy playing basketball after school. 3.分词 1.现在分词(doing形式，表主动/进行) 。作定语：修饰名词，置于名词前 例句：The running boy is my brother.(正在跑步的男孩) ·作状语：表示伴随或结果 例句：She sat there,reading a storybook.(表伴随) 2.过去分词(done形式，表被动/完成) ·作定语：修饰名词，置于名词前 例句：The broken window needs to be repaired.(被打破的窗户) ·作状语：表示被动或完成 例句：Seen from the hill,.the city looks beautiful.(表被动) 知识点二：非谓语动词核心用法 1.动词不定式（todo) 1.作宾语（跟在及物动词后，表动作内容） 常用动词：want(想要)、hope(希望)、decide(决定)、leam(学习)入plan(计划) 结构：主语+谓语动词+to do sth. 例句： 1.She wants to buy a new pen..(want后接to buy,表“想要买”) 2.They hope to visit Beijing next year..(hope后接to visit,表“希望参观”) 2.作状语（表目的、结果或原因) 用法1：表目的(“为了.”，可放句首或句中) 例句：He gets up early to catch the first bus..(早起的目的是“赶第一班车”) 用法2：表结果（常与only连用，“结果却.”) 例句：She hurried to the station only to find the train had left.(匆忙去车站，结果却发现火车已开走) 3.作宾补（补充说明宾语的动作，与宾语是逻辑主谓关系） 常用动词：ask(要求)、tell(告诉)、want(想要)、teach(教)、help(帮助，to可省) 结构：主语+谓语动词+宾语+to do sth. 例句： 2 初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 1.My mother asks me to clean the room.(me是宾语，to clean补充说明“我”要做的动作) 2.He often helps his sister(to)carry books.(help后的to可省略) 2.动名词(doing） 1.作主语（表示抽象动作或习惯，谓语动词用单数） 结构：Doing sth.+谓语动词（单数）+其他 例句： l.Swimming is good for health.(swimming作主语，表抽象动作，谓语用is) 2.Reading books makes him happy..(reading books作主语，谓语用makes) 2.作宾语（跟在及物动词或介词后） 常用动词（接doing):enjoy(喜欢）、finish(完成)、practice(练习)、mind(介意)、keep(保持) 常用介词（接doing):in(在.方面）、on(关于)、after(在.之后)、before（在.之前)without (没有) 例句： 1.She enjoys listening to music.(enjoy后接listening,表“喜欢听”) 2.He is good at playing basketball.(介词at后接playing) 3.They finished doing homework at9p.m.(finish后接doing,表“完成做”) 3.分词 1.现在分词(doing,表主动或进行) 作定语（修饰名词，与名词是逻辑主谓关系） 例句： 1.The running boy is my brother..(running修饰boy,boy是“跑”的逻辑主语，表主动进行) 2.I like the book written by Lu Xun.(written修饰book,book是“被写”的逻辑宾语，表被动完 成) 2.过去分词(done,表被动或完成) 作状语（修饰句子，与句子主语是逻辑动宾关系） 例句： l.Seen from the hill,the city looks beautiful.(seen与主语city是逻辑动宾关系，“城市被看”) 2.Given more time,we can do it better.(given与主语we是逻辑动宾关系，“我们被给予时间”) 3 初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 作定语（修饰名词，与名词是逻辑动宾关系） 例句： l.The broken window needs repairing.(broken修饰window,window是“被打破”的，表被动完 成) 2.I have a friend called Tom.(called修饰friend,friend是“被叫做”的，表被动) 知识点三：非谓语动词 1.tod0(不定式) 1.基础搭配拓展（中考必背）： ·agree to do(同意做)→例句：My parents agree to take me to the zoo. ·offer to do(主动提出做)→例句：He offers to help me with my English, 。choose to do(选择做)→例句：She chooses to study math instead of ar't, ●forget to do(忘记去做)→例句：Don't forget to lock the door when you leave.. ·remember to do(记得去做)→例句：Remember to buy some milk on your way home. 。start to do(开始做)→例句：They start to climb the mountain in the morning, 。stop to do(停下来去做另一件事)→例句：He stops to talk to his friend. 。try to do(尽力做)→例句：She tries to improve her pronunciation. ●seem to do(似乎做)→例句：He seems to know the answer: ·prepare to do(准备做)→例句：We prepare to have a picnic next Sunday. 2.特殊结构搭配（中考易错）： 。ask sb.not to do(要求某人不要做)→例句：The teacher asks us not to be late, ·tell sb.not to do(告诉某人不要做)→例句：My mother tells me not to eat too much candy. 。want sb.todo(想要某人做)→例句：I want you to come to my birthday party.. 2.doing（动名词/现在分词) 1.基础搭配拓展（中考必背）： ·miss doing(错过做)→例句：I missed taking the early bus this morning. ·dislike doing(不喜欢做)→例句：She dislikes washing dishes. ·consider doing(考虑做)→例句：He is considering changing his job, 。delay doing(推迟做)→例句：They delay having the meeting until next week, 。imagine doing(想象做)→例句：Can you imagine living on the moon? 4 初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 。risk doing(冒险做)→例句：He risks losing his job by speaking out. 。allow doing（允许做)一→例句：The school allows students using mobile phones after class.. 。permit doing(允许做)→例句：Smoking is not permitted here ●prevent doing(阻止做)一例句：We should prevent polluting the environment. ·keep on doing(继续做)→例句：He keeps on working although he is tired. 2.固定短语搭配（中考常考）： 。feel like doing(想要做)→例句：I feel like eating ice cream now 。be busy doing(忙于做)→例句：My mother is busy cooking dinner ·can't help doing(忍不住做)→例句：She can't help laughing when she hears the joke 3.done(过去分词) 1.作定语（中考基础）： 。boiled water(煮沸的水)→例句：I need a cup of boiled water. 。broken window(破碎的窗户)→例句：The broken window needs to be repaired. 。lost key(丢失的钥匙)→例句：Have you found your lost key? ·closed door(关着的门)→例句：The closed door is locked. ·fallen leaves(落叶)→例句：Fallen leaves cover the ground in autumn.. 2.作状语（中考核心）： ·Seen from the top of the hill,the city looks beautiful.(从山J顶看，这座城市很美。) 。Encouraged by his teacher,he studied harder.(受到老师的鼓励，他学习更努力了。) 。Given more time,we can finish the work better.（如果给更多时间，我们能把工作做得更好。) ·Interested in the story,she read it again.（对这个故事感兴趣，她又读了一遍。) 。Born in a small village,he knows a lot about farming.(出生在小村庄，他对农业很了解。) 解题小妙招 非谓语动词妙招 动词搭配是关键，不定式常跟“hope,decide”; “enjoy”之后接动名词，形式辨析看动词： 宾语位置要牢记，todo,doing分清楚： 不定式符号“to”莫忘，动名词直接加“ing”。 考法精析 5 初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 考法一：动词不定式作宾语 核心：根据句中谓语动词，判断是否接不定式(todo)作宾语，选择正确形式 真题1（语法填空）： She hopes_(travel)to Japan next month. 答案：to travel 解析：由谓语动词hopes”可知，后接不定式作宾语，结构为hope to do sth.”,故填to travel。 真题2（单项选择)： My brother decidedEnglish every morning to improve his skills. A.learn B.to learn C.learning D.learned 答案：B 解析：由谓语动词decided'可知，后接不定式作宾语，结构为'decide to do sth.”,故选B。 考法二：非谓语动词形式辨析 核心：根据动词搭配、语法功能及逻辑关系，判断空格处应填不定式(todo)、动名词(doig)还 是分词(done) 真题1（语法填空）： She decided(study)abroad next year. 答案：to study 解析：decide后接不定式作宾语，构成”decide to do sth.”结构，故填to study。 真题2（完形填空）： My brother enjoys(play)basketball with his friends after school. A.play B.to play C.playing D.played 答案：C 解析：enjoy后接动名词作宾语，构成”enjoy doing sth.”结构，play的动名词形式为playing,故选C。 考法三：非谓语动词综合辨析与运用 核心：根据语境区分动词不定式(todo)、动名词(doing)和分词(doing/done)的用法，掌握不同 非谓语形式在句中作宾语、状语和定语的区别 真题1（单项选择)： She decided_(visit)her grandparents and_(buy)some fruit on the way. A.to visit buying B.visiting to buy C.to visit to buy 6 初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 D.visiting buying 答案：C 解析：第一空“decide”后接动词不定式作宾语，用“to visit”;第二空“and”连接并列结构，与 “to visit”保持一致，用“to buy”,此处不定式符号“to”可省略但选项中无对应答案，故完整形式 为“to buy”。 真题2（语法填空）： (learn)English well,he practices_(speak)every morning.The_(excite)news made him happy. 答案：To learn speaking exciting 解析：第一空表目的用动词不定式“To learn”;第二空“practice'”后接动名词作宾语，用“speaking”; 第三空修饰名词“news”用现在分词“exciting”表主动特性，意为“令人兴奋的”。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择（共10题) 1.My mother asks methe room every weekend. A.clean B.to clean C.cleaning D.cleaned 2.He enjoys-basketball with his classmates after school. A.play B.to play C.playing D.played 3.We decidedto the beach for vacation this summer. A.go B.to go C.going D.went 4.The teacher told us_late for class again. A.not be B.to not be C.not to be D.don't be 5.English well,she practices speaking every day. A.Learn B.To learn C.Learning D.Learned 6.I saw a girl_in the park when I passed by. A.dance B.to dance C.dancing D.danced 7.This story is_and many children arein it A.interesting;interested B.interested;interesting C.interesting;interesting D.interested;interested 8.My father spends two hours-newspapers every evening. A.read B.to read C.reading D.reads 9.The broken window by my brother yesterday. A.repair B.to repair C.repairing D.was repaired 10.She can't help_when she hears the funny story A.laugh B.to laugh C.laughing D.laughed 7 初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 演练二：填空（共10题) 1.He hopes_(visit)his grandparents next month 2.My sister likes(listen)to music while doing homework. 3.The teacher asked us _(finish)the exercise before class. 4.-(keep)healthy,we should eat more vegetables. 5.I have a friend(call)Tom,who is good at math 6.It takes me 10 minutes_(walk)to school every day. 7.They decided(not go)to the party because of the rain. 8.The girl(wear)a red dress is my best friend. 9.My mother is busy(cook)dinner in the kitchen now. 10.-(see)from the top of the mountain,the city looks beautiful. 演练三：语法填空（共10空） My friend Lily loves_(1.travel)and often shares her experiences with me.Last year,she decided_(2 visit)Japan.Before the trip,she spent three months(3.learn)basic Japanese to communicate with locals. On the first day,she went to Tokyo.She was excited(4.see)the famous Tokyo Tower.While walking in the street,she saw many people(5.wear)traditional kimonos.She couldn't help-(6.take)photos with them. One afternoon,she tried(7.cook)sushi by herself.It was difficult,but she enjoyed(8.do)it.At night,she sat in a cafe,(9.watch)the busy street and drinking tea. Lily said the trip taught her a lot.She hopes_(10.visit)more countries in the future to learn about different cultures. 答案及解析 演练一：单项选择 1.B(ask sb.to do sth.要求某人做某事) 2.C(enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事) 3.B(decide to do sth.决定做某事) 4.C(tell sb.not to do sth.告诉某人不要做某事) 5.B（动词不定式作目的状语，表“为了学习”) 6.C(see sb.doing sth.看见某人正在做某事，现在分词表伴随) 7.A(interesting修饰物“令人感兴趣的”；interested修饰人“感到感兴趣的”) 8.C(spend time(in)doing sth.花费时间做某事) 9.D(过去分词broken作定语，表被动“被打破的”) 8 初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 l0.C(can’t help doing sth.忍不住做某事) 演练二：填空 l.to visit(hope to do sth.希望做某事) 2.listening(like doing sth.喜欢做某事) 3.to finish(ask sb.to do sth.要求某人做某事) 4.To keep(动词不定式作目的状语，表“为了保持") 5.called(过去分词作定语，表被动“被叫做”) 6.to walk(It takes sb.time to do sth.做某事花费某人时间) 7.not to go(decide not to do sth.决定不做某事) 8.wearing(现在分词作定语，表主动“穿着”) 9.cooking(be busy doing sth.忙于做某事) 10.Seen(过去分词作状语，表被动“被看”) 演练三：语法填空 1.traveling/travelling(love doing sth.喜欢做某事) 2.to visit(decide to do sth.决定做某事) 3.learning(spend time(in)doing sth.花费时间做某事) 4.to see(be excited to do sth.做某事感到兴奋) 5.wearing(see sb.doing sth.看见某人正在做某事) 6.taking(can't help doing sth.忍不住做某事) 7.to cook(try to do sth.尝试做某事) 8.doing(enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事) 9.watching(现在分词作伴随状语，表主动“看着”) l0.to visit(hope to do sth.希望做某事) 9