动词专项01-2025-2026学年英语中考复习语法知识点全解（外研版)

初中外研版 【动词专项】 语法全解 语法突破 【专题】被动语态 动词专项全解 考频分析 初三外研版中，动词专项中的被动语态是重点语法点，考频在动词模块中占比约30%，涉及试卷核 心题型：单项选择2-3题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空1-2题、书面表达（核心考察，直接影响句 子规范性与表达准确性)。在语境理解类题目中，被动语态的时态（一般现在时/一般过去时/一般将 来时/现在完成时)及情态动词被动结构的辨析与运用往往是解题关键。 考查内容 ·动词分类应用：系动词、实义动词、情态动词、助动词的辨析与功能 ·时态与语态：一般现在时被动(am/is/are+done)、一般过去时被动(was/were+done)、一般将来时 被动(will be+done)、现在完成时被动(have been+-done)的基本结构与语境匹配，主动语态与被动 语态的转换；情态动词被动（情态动词+be+done)的构成与用法 ·非谓语动词：todo、doig、do的固定搭配与句法功能（作宾语、宾语补足语、定语等） 知识点一：被动语态的构成及用法 l.一般现在时/一般过去时被动(am/is/are/was/were+done) 1.例句： ·The classroom is cleaned every day.(一般现在时被动，am/is/are+done) 。The letter was written yesterday.(一般过去时被动，was/were+done) 2.一般将来时/现在完成时被动(will be/have been+done) 1.例句： ·The project will be finished next week.(一般将来时被动，will be+done) ●This book has been translated into Chinese.(现在完成时被动，have been+done) 1 初中外研版 【动词专项】 语法全解 3.情态动词被动（情态动词+be叶done) 1.例句： ●This work must be completed on time.(情态动词被动，must+be+done) ·The problem can be solved easily..(情态动词被动，can+be+done) 知识点二：情态动词与被动语态的结合应用 1.情态动词基本用法 1.常见情态动词：can(能/会)、may(可以/可能)、must(必须/一定)、should(应该)、need(需要)、 had better(最好) 2.主动语态结构：主语+情态动词+动词原形（无人称和时态变化） 3.例句： ·You can speak English very well..(can表能力，后接原形speak) ●We must follow the school rules.(must表义务，后接原形follow) 2.情态动词的被动语态 1.结构：主语+情态动词+be+动词过去分词（情态动词后必须用be原形，再跟过去分词） 2.例句： 。English can be spoken by many people.(can be+speak的过去分词spoken) 。The homework must be finished before9p.m.(must be+finish的过去分词finished) 3.否定形式与疑问形式 1.否定结构：主语+情态动词+not+be+动词过去分词 ●This book shouldn't be taken out of the library.(shouldn'tbe+take的过去分词taken) 2.疑问结构：情态动词+主语+be+动词过去分词？ ·Can this problem be solved by you?(Can+主语+be+solve的过去分词solved) 4.易错点提示 ·情态动词后必须用be原形，不可省略（如不能说'must finished',需说”must be finished') 。不及物动词无被动语态（如happen、appear,不能用于'Something must be happened') 。推测性情态动词(may/might//cant)的被动：The window may be broken by the wind. 2 初中外研版 【动词专项】 语法全解 知识点三：被动语态 l.一般现在时/一般过去时被动（am/is/are/was/were+done) 1.基础用法拓展（中考必背）： 。一般现在时被动（主语是动作承受者，经常性动作）→例句：English is spoken by many people around the world. 。一般现在时被动（客观事实/真理）→例句：The Great Wall is visited by millions of tourists every year. 。一般过去时被动（过去发生的被动动作）→例句：The letter was written by my brother yesterday. 。一般过去时被动（过去的状态）→例句：The room was cleaned by my mother this morning ·单数主语+is/was done→例句：The book is kept on the shelf./The cake was eaten by Tom. 。复数主语+are/were done→例句：These flowers are watered every day../The questions were answered by the students. 2.句式转换（中考基础)： ·主动句变被动句（主语+谓语+宾语宾语+be done+-by+主语）→例句：主动：We grow trees in spring.被动：Trees are grown(byus)in spring. 。否定句(be动词后加not)→例句：The homework isn't finished by him./The song wasn't sung at the party. 。一般疑问句(be动词提前)→例句：Is the classroom cleaned every day?/Were the letters sent yesterday? 2.一般将来时/现在完成时被动(will be/have been+done) 1.时态特征辨析（中考核心）： 。一般将来时被动（将来要发生的被动动作）→例句：A new hospital will be built in our city next year. ●一般将来时被动（计划/安排的被动）→例句：The meeting will be held at3p.m.tomorrow. ·现在完成时被动（过去发生且持续到现在的被动影响）→例句：This novel has been translated into many languages. 。现在完成时被动（强调被动动作的结果）→例句：The work has been finished by them. 2.标志词应用（中考常考）： ·一般将来时被动标志词(tomorrow,next week,soon等)→例句：The problem will be solved soon. ●现在完成时被动标志词(already,yet,since,.for等)→例句：The house has already been painted./ The task hasn't been completed yet. 3.情态动词被动（情态动词+be叶done) 初中外研版 【动词专项】 语法全解 1.情态动词搭配（中考必背）： 。can be done(能被…)→例句：This machine can be repaired by the engineer. 。may be done(可以被…)→例句：The book may be borrowed from the library.. ●must be done(必须被…)→例句：Homework must be handed in on time. ·should be done(应该被…)→例句：The rules should be followed by everyone. 。need be done(需要被…，用于否定/疑问)→例句：Need the work be finished today? 。have to be done(不得不被…)→例句：The broken window has to be replaced 2.句式功能（中考易错)： ●表示允许/能力的被动(can/may)→例句：This room can be used as a classroom./Guests may be invited to the party. ·表示义务/建议的被动(must/should)→例句：Children must be protected well./More attention should be paid to this issue. 考法精析 考法一：情态动词被动语态结构辨析 核心：根据语境判断情态动词含义，选择正确的情态动词被动语态结构（情态动词+be+过去分词） 真题1（语法填空)： The old books _(must,keep)in the library for students to read. 答案：must be kept 解析：由情态动词'must”可知此处需用情态动词被动语态，结构为'must+be+过去分词”，keep的 过去分词为kept。 真题2（单项选择)： Your room-every day to keep it clean. A.should clean B.should be cleaned C.can clean D.must clean 答案：B 解析：主语”your room”是动作”clean”的承受者，需用被动语态；”should表示”应该”，情态动词 被动语态结构为”should+be+过去分词”，clean的过去分词为cleaned,.故选B。 考法二：情态动词被动语态转换 核心：结合情态动词被动结构（情态动词+be+done),将主动语态句子转换为被动语态，需注意情 态动词的选择及过去分词的正确形式 真题1（句型转换)： They must finish the project before Friday..(改为被动语态) The project before Friday. 答案：nust be finished 4 初中外研版 【动词专项】 语法全解 解析：主动句中情态动词为must,被动结构为"must+be+过去分词”：finish的过去分词为finished,. 故填must be finished。 真题2（单项选择）： Students should hand in their homework on time.(改为被动语态后，句子应为) A.Homework should handed in by students on time. B.Homework should be hand in by students on time. C.Homework should be handed in by students on time D.Homework should be handed by students in on time. 答案：C 解析：情态动词should的被动结构为'should+-be+过去分词”；hand in的过去分词为handed in,固 定短语不可拆分，故选C。 考法三：情态动词被动语态的综合运用 核心：结合时态标志词判断情态动词被动语态的结构及否定、疑问形式（情态动词+b+过去分词) 真题1（单项选择)： Your homework before dinner.You have no time after that. A.must finish B.must be finished C.can finish D.can be finished 答案：B 解析：主语homework''是动作'finish”的承受者，需用被动语态，排除A、C:根据语境”晚饭前你 没时间了”表必要性，用情态动词must,结构为”must be+过去分词”，finish的过去分词为finished。 真题2（语法填空）： This old bridge(should not build)here.It's dangerous for children. 答案：should not be built 解析：主语bridge”是动作build'的承受者，用被动语态；情态动词should的否定形式为”should not”,后接be+过去分词，build的过去分词为built。 解题小妙招 情态动词被动妙招 情态动词被动要牢记，结构情态+be+done”: 语境含义定情态，must应该should选： 主动变被动找对象，情态保留莫遗忘： 动词变作过去分词，固定短语不可分： 选项辨析看结构，be和done是关键。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择（共10题） 5 初中外研版 【动词专项】 语法全解 1.This old photo in 2005 and it's very precious now. A.took B.was taken C.is taken D.will be taken 2.The meeting because the manager is ill.Let's wait for the notice. A.may be canceled B.may cancel C.must be canceled D.should cancel 3.These rulesby everyone in the school,or you may get into trouble. A.must follow B.should be followed C.can follow D.need be followed 4.A new bridge_over the river next year.It will help people travel easily. A.built B.was built C.will be built D.has been built 5.Your homeworkbefore you go out to play. A.must finish B.should be finished C.can finish D.may be finish 6.The problemat the meeting yesterday,but no decision was made. A.discussed B.was discussing C.was discussed D.has discussed 7.This task_in two hours if we work together. A.can finish B.can be finished C.must finish D.should be finish 8.The library books_for two weeks,or you will be fined. A.can keep B.may be kept C.must be kept D.should keep 9.All the lightsbefore you leave the classroom.Safety first! A.must turn off B.should be turned off C.can be turned D.need turn off 10.English-as a second language in many countries around the world. A.speaks B.is spoken C.was spoken D.will be spoken 演练二：填空（共10题) 1.The classroom_(clean)every day by the students. 2.This song_(may,sing)at the party tomorrow evening. 3.The letter_(write)by my father last night. 4.The work_(must,finish)before Friday,so we need to hurry. 5.A new hospital (build)in our city now.It will open next year 6.These books(should,return)to the library on time. 7.The problem(have,solve)by the teacher already.Don't worry. 8.The children(can,take)care of by their grandparents when we are away. 9.The old house(not,need,repair)this year.It's still in good condition. 10.More trees (plant)on the hills next spring to protect the environment. 演练三：语法填空（共10空) 6 初中外研版 【动词专项】 语法全解 A school library is a special place for students.Here are some rules you should follow: 1.Books_(must,keep)clean and dry.Do not write or draw in them. 2.Each student_(allow)to borrow up to 3 books at a time. 3.Books_(can,keep)for two weeks.If you need more time,you(may,renew)them online. 4.Magazines and newspapers_(not,take)out of the library.They_(read)only in the reading room 5.Lost books_(must,pay)for by the borrower. 6.The library(clean)every morning,so please don't leave rubbish on the floor. 7.Quiet(must,keep)in the library.No loud talking or phone calls. Remember,following these rules helps everyone enjoy the library.Let's make it a good place for reading! 答案区 演练-：1-5 BABCB6-10 CBBBB 演练二：1.is cleaned2.may be sung3.was written4.must be finished5.is being built 6.should be returned 7.has been solved 8.can be taken 9.needn't be repaired 10.will be planted 演练三：1.must be kept2.is allowed3.can be kept,:may be renewed4.nustn't be taken;can be read 5.must be paid 6.is cleaned 7.must be kept 7