动词时态05-2025-2026学年英语中考复习语法知识点全解（外研版)

初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 寒假专版 【专题】一般过去时：规则/不规则动词过 去式、表过去发生的动作 语法专项突破 考频分析 初三外研版中，一般过去时是动词时态模块的高频考点，考频占动词时态总量的30%左右，贯穿 试卷核心题型：单项选择2-3题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空1-2题、书面表达核心考察（描述过 去事件或经历时必须使用)。在语境理解类题目中，规则/不规则动词过去式的正确运用及上下文时 间标志词的识别是解题关键。 考查内容 ·动词分类应用：规则动词与不规则动词的过去式构成差异，及物动词与不及物动词在过去时中的搭 配特点 。时态与语态：一般过去时的基本结构（主语+动词过去式+其他），规则动词（如work-worked)与 不规则动词（如go-went)的过去式变化，表过去特定时间发生动作的语境识别（如yesterday,last wek等时间状语)，主动语态中动词过去式的正确使用 。非谓语动词：结合一般过去时语境的固定搭配（如had better do sth中do的原形使用与过去时场景 的关联) 知识点一：一般过去时的构成及用法 1.规则动词过去式（动词词尾加-ed) 1.变化规则： 。一般情况直接加-ed:work→worked,play→played 。以不发音的e结尾加-d:live→lived,like→liked 。辅音字母+y结尾变y为i加-ed:study→studied,carry-→carried 。重读闭音节双写尾字母加-ed:stop一→stopped,plan→planned 2.例句： 1 初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 ·She worked in a hospital last year..(一般情况) ·They studied English yesterday.(辅音字母+y结尾) 2.不规则动词过去式（无固定变化规则，需特殊记忆） 1.常见不规则动词：go→went,see→saw,eat→ate,take→took,make→made,do→did,isam→was,are→were 2.例句 。He went to Beijing last month.(go的过去式) ·We saw a film yesterday evening.(see的过去式) 3.一般过去时的用法（表示过去某时间发生的动作或状态） 1.时间标志词：yesterday(昨天)，last week(上周)，two days ago(两天前)，in2020(在2020年)， just now(刚才) 2.例句： ●I visited my uncle last Sunday.(last Sunday表示过去时间) ·They were students three years ago.(were表示过去状态，three years ago为时间标志) 知识点二：一般过去时的核心考点与被动语态 1.一般过去时（过去发生且已结束的动作或状态) 1.时间标志词：yesterday(昨天)、last night(昨晚)、two days ago(两天前)、in2018(在2018年) just now(刚才)、the day before yesterday(前天) 2.规则动词过去式变化： 。一般在动词原形后加-ed(如：work→worked,play→played) ●以不发音的e结尾的动词加-d（如：live→lived,like→liked) 。以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，变y为i加-ed（如：study-→studied,.cay→carried) 。以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写该辅音字母加-ed(如：stop一→stopped,plan-一→planned) 3.例句： She worked in a hospital last year.(work-worked) ·They studied English two years ago.(study-一→studied) ·He stopped talking when the teacher came in.(stop一→stopped) 4.不规则动词过去式（高频必背）： 。常见动词及过去式：go一→went,come一came,se一→saw,eat→ate,take一→took,make-→made,do→did, get一→got,say→said,have→had,is/am→was,are→were 初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 。例句： l.I went to Beijing last summer vacation.(go的过去式为went) 2.She saw a movie with her friends yesterday.(see的过去式为saw) 3.They had breakfast at7o'clock this morning.(have的过去式为had) 5.被动语态： ·结构：主语+was/were+动词过去分词（主语为单数用was,复数用were) ·例句： l.The letter was written by Tom yesterday..(主语单数，用was:write的过去分词为written) 2.These books were bought by my father last week.(主语复数，用were;buy的过去分词为bought) 6.句式转换： ·肯定句：主语+动词过去式+其他 。否定句：主语+didn't+动词原形+其他(be动词否定直接加not:wasn't/weren't) ·疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形+其他？(be动词提前：Was/Were+主语+其他？) 。例句： l.He played football yester day..(肯定句) 2.He didn't play football yesterday..(否定句，借助didn't,动词用原形play) 3.Did he play football yesterday?(疑问句，借助Did,动词用原形play) 4.She was happy last night.(肯定句，be动词作谓语) 5.She wasn't happy last night..(否定句，be动词后加not) 6.Was she happy last night?(疑问句，be动词提前) 知识点三：一般过去时的特殊句式 1.否定句 1.基础结构（中考必背)： 。实义动词+didn’t+动词原形→例句：She didn't finish her homework yesterday. 。was/were+not→例句：They were not at home last night. 2.特殊否定（中考易错)： 。含情态动词的否定：couldn't+动词原形→例句：He couldn’t swim when he was five. 。祈使句过去时否定（无直接形式，需用间接引语）→例句：The teacher told us not to be late this moming 2.一般疑问句 3 初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 1.基础结构（中考核心)： ·Did+主语+动词原形一例句：Did you go to the park last Sunday? 。Was/Were+主语+其他→例句：Were they happy at the party? 2.回答规范（中考常考)： 。肯定回答：Yes,主语+did/was/were→例句：Yes,Idid, 。否定▣答：No,主语+didn't/wasn’t/weren’t一例句：No,she wasn’t. 3.特殊疑问句 1.疑问词搭配（中考高频)： 。What+did+主语+动词原形→例句：What did you do last night? 。When+did+主语+动词原形→例句：When did he arrive in Beijing? ·How+was/were+主语→例句：How was your school trip? 。Where+did+主语+动词原形→例句：Where did they go on vacation? 解题小妙招 规则动词过去式妙招 规则变化看词尾，直加-ed最常见： 辅音+y结尾时，变y为i加-ed: 不发音e结尾词，直接加-d就可以： 时间标志是关键，yesterday/ago常出现； 无标志时品语境，过去动作记心间： 动词过去式正确写，结合标志和规则辨。 考法精析 考法一：规则动词过去式的构成 核心：根据动词原形的词尾特征，按规则变化为过去式 真题1（词汇运用）： My sister often_(study)English in the evening.But yesterday she_(watch)TV instead 答案：studies,watched 解析：第一空由“often”可知为一般现在时，主语为三单，study用studies;第二空由“yesterday'” 可知为一般过去时，watch的过去式为watched(规则变化：直接加-ed)。 4 初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 真题2（单项选择)： He (live)in this city for five years before he moved to Shanghai. A.lives B.lived C.will live D.is living 答案：B 解析：由“before he moved”可知，“居住”的动作发生在过去的过去之前，用一般过去时；live以 不发音e结尾，过去式为lived。 考法二：动词过去式变化与时间标志词匹配 核心：结合时间标志词判断是否使用一般过去时，并正确写出规则/不规则动词的过去式形式 真题1（用所给词的适当形式填空)： She_(study)English with her friend yesterday afternoon. 答案：studied 解析：由时间标志词“yesterday afternoon”可知需用一般过去时；study是以“辅音字母+y”结尾 的规则动词，过去式需变y为i加-ed,即studied。 真题2（单项选择）： My family_(go)to the beach three days ago.We had a great time there. A.go B.goes C.went D.will go 答案：C 解析：由时间标志词“three days ago”可知动作发生在过去，用一般过去时；go是不规则动词，其 过去式为went,故选C。 考法三：一般过去时被动语态与时间标志词的综合运用 核心：结合时间标志词判断动作发生的时间，确定被动语态的时态，掌握一般过去时被动语态的 构成(was/were+过去分词) 真题1（单项选择)： The old photos-by my father when he was young.They are very precious. A.take B.took C.were taken D.are taken 答案：C 解析：主语“the old photos”是动作“take”的承受者，需用被动语态：由时间标志词“when he was young”(他年轻的时候，属于过去时间)可知，用一般过去时被动语态，主语为复数，结构为 “were+过去分词”，take的过去分词为taken。 真题2（语法填空)： A new library(build)in our school last month.Now we can read more books there. 答案：was built 解析：主语“a new library”是动作“build”的承受者，用被动语态；由时间标志词“last month”可 初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 知，用一般过去时被动语态，主语为单数，be动词用was,build的过去分词为built。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择（共10题) 1.My mother_dinner an hour ago. A.cook B.cooks C.cooked D.will cook 2.They-to the Great Wall last summer vacation. A.go B.went C.goes D.are going 3.He_in this school for two years before he moved to Beijing. A.live B.lives C.lived D.will live 4.-When_you_the film? -Last Sunday. A.do;see B.did;see C.will;see D.are;seeing 5.My father-TV at 8 p.m.yesterday evening. A.watch B.watches C.watched D.is watching 6.Lindahappy when she got the gift. A.is B.was C.are D.were 7.They_basketball on the playground just now. A.play B.plays C.played D.will play 8.Sheher homework an hour ago. A.finish B.finishes C.finished D.will finish 9.-he-to the park yesterday? -Yes,he did. A.Do;go B.Did;go C.Will;go D.Is;going 10.We in the classroom when the teacher came in. A.read B.reads C.are reading D.will read 演练二：填空（共10题） 1.He(study)for the test last night 2.My parents(visit)my grandparents two days ago. 3.She(see)a movie with her friends yesterday evening 4.They_(play)football on the playground just now. 5.I(eat)breakfast at 7 a.m.this morning 6 初三下册外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 6.The students(listen)to music in the classroom the other day 7.He(go)to the supermarket with his mother last Sunday. 8.We_(live)in this city for three years before we moved to Shanghai. 9.My brother_(watch)TV for two hours yesterday. 10.She_(make)a cake for her sister's birthday last week. 演练三：语法填空（共10空） Last Sunday,I_(have)a busy but happy day.In the morning,I_(get)up early and_(help)my mom clean the house.After that,I(go)to the library with my best friend,Tom.We(read)books there for two hours.In the afternoon,we-(play)basketball in the park.Tom(be)very good at it,so he_ (teach)me some skills.In the evening,my family and I(eat)dinner at a restaurant.The food_(be) delicious!I went to bed at9 p.m.and felt very tired but happy. 参考答案 演练-：1.C2.B3.C4.B5.C6B7.C8.C9.B10.A 演练二：l.studied2.visited3.saw4 played5.ate6.listened7.went8.lived9.watched10.made 演练三：1had2.got3 helped4.went5.iead6 played7.was8.taught9.ate10.was 7