综合运用 主谓一致 语法一致 意义一致 就近原则 either or neither nor 等 -2025-2026学年英语中考复习语法知识点全解（沪教上海版）

初中综合运用沪教上海版 【语法专版】主谓一致全解 语法专版 【专题】主谓一致：语法一致、意义一致、 就近原则 语法专项突破 考频分析 沪教上海版初中综合运用中，主谓一致是重点语法模块，考频占语法总量的15%左右，贯穿试卷 核心题型：单项选择(2-3题)、完形填空(2-3题)、语法填空(1-2题)、书面表达（核心考察，直 接影响句子语法正确性与表达准确性)。在语境理解类题目中，主谓一致的语法一致、意义一致及 就近原则的综合运用往往是解题关键。 考查内容 ·语法一致：主语单复数形式决定谓语动词单复数（如不可数名词/单数名词作主语，谓语用单数） ·意义一致：根据主语所表达的单复数意义确定谓语形式（如集体名词表整体用单数，表成员用复数） 。就近原则：由either..or.neither.nor.not only..but also.连接主语时，谓语动词与就近主语保持一 致 知识点一：主谓一致的三大原则 1.语法一致（主语单复数决定谓语形式） 1.规则：单数主语用单数谓语，复数主语用复数谓语：不可数名词作主语视为单数 2.例句： ·She plays basketball every day..(第三人称单数主语+plays) ·They play basketball every day..(复数主语+play) ●Water is important for life.(不可数名词+is) 2.意义一致（主语意义单复数决定谓语形式) 1.规则：集合名词表整体时谓语用单数，表成员时用复数：表数量的短语（分数/百分数+of+名词）根 据名词性质判断 初中综合运用沪教上海版 【语法专版】主谓一致全解 2.例句： ·The team is winning the game.(团队整体+is) ·The team are having a rest..(队员个体+are) ·Three fifths of the apples are red.(可数名词复数+are) 3.就近原则（靠近谓语的主语决定形式） 1.适用结构：either.or.、neither.nor、not only.but also.、there be 2.例句： ·Either you or he has the book.(靠近谓语的he为单数+has) ·Neither the students nor the teacher knows the answer.(s靠近的teacher为单数+knows) 。There is a pen and two books on the desk.(靠近的apen为单数+is) 知识点二：主谓一致的三大原则 1.语法一致原则 1.核心规则：主语的单复数形式决定谓语动词的单复数形式，即单数主语用单数谓语，复数主语用复 数谓语 2.例句： ·The boy plays football every weekend.(主语the boy为单数，谓语用plays) ·These students study hard every day.(主语these students为复数，谓语用study) 2.意义一致原则 1.核心规则：谓语动词的单复数形式取决于主语所表达的意义，而非形式上的单复数。常见情况包括 集合名词（如family,class,team等）作主语时，若表示整体则用单数谓语，若表示成员则用复数谓 语 2.例句： 。My family is a big one.(family表示整体”家庭”，谓语用is) ●y family are watching TV now.(family表示成员'家人”，谓语用are watching) 3.特殊情况：表示时间、距离、金钱等的复数名词作主语时，通常视为一个整体，谓语用单数 4.例句：Ten years is a long time.(ten years视为整体，谓语用is) 3.就近原则 2 初中综合运用沪教上海版 【语法专版】主谓一致全解 1.核心规则：当主语由either.or,neither..nor.,not only.but also.等连接时，谓语动词的单复数形 式与靠近它的主语保持一致 2.例句： ·Either you or he is right.(靠近谓语的主语he为单数，谓语用is) 。Neither the students nor the teacher knows the answer.(靠近谓语的主语the teacher为单数，谓语用 knows) ·Not only the books but also the pen is on the desk.(靠近谓语的主语the pen为单数，谓语用is) 知识点三：主谓一致 1.语法一致（主语单复数决定谓语形式) 1.基础规则拓展（中考必背)： 。不可数名词作主语→谓语用单数→例句：Water is important for life. ·单数可数名词作主语→谓语用单数→例句：A dog runs fast, 。复数可数名词作主语→谓语用复数一→例句：These books are interesting. ·不定代词(each/every/no one/someone)作主语→谓语用单数→例句：Everyone likes music.. ·集体名词(family/class/team)表整体→谓语用单数→例句：Our class wins the game. 。集体名词表成员→谓语用复数→例句：My family are watching TV now. 2.意义一致（主语意义决定谓语形式) 1.特殊用法拓展（中考易错）： 。表示时间/距离/金钱的复数名词作主语→谓语用单数→例句：Ten years is a long time. 。”the+形容词”表一类人→谓语用复数→例句：The old need more care.. ●”a number of+复数名词'→谓语用复数→例句：A number of students are in the park 。”the number of+复数名词'→谓语用单数→例句：The number of books is 100. ·并列主语表同一概念→谓语用单数→例句：Bread and butter is my breakfast. 3.就近原则（靠近谓语的主语决定形式） 1.固定结构搭配（中考常考）： 。either...or..（要么…要么…)→例句：Either you or he has the key. 。neither.lnor.(既不…也不…)→例句：Neither the teacher nor the students are here. 。not only.but also.(不仅…而且…)→例句：Not only I but also she likes swimming. ·there be句型→例句：There is a pen and two books on the desk, 3 初中综合运用沪教上海版 【语法专版】 主谓一致全解 考法精析 考法一：语法一致原则 核心：根据主语的语法单复数形式（如单数可数名词、不可数名词、复数名词等），确定谓语动词 的单复数形式 真题1（语法填空)： The boy_(play)football every afternoon.His favorite sport is football. 答案：plays 解析：主语the boy是单数可数名词，根据语法一致原则，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，play的 第三人称单数为plays。 真题2（单项选择)： These apples-fresh.Let's buy some. A.am B.is C.are D.be 答案：C 解析：主语these apples是复数名词，根据语法一致原则，谓语动词用复数形式are。 考法二：主谓一致原则综合运用 核心：结合语法一致、意义一致和就近原则，判断不同结构中谓语动词的正确形式 真题1（语法填空)： The class一(be)going to have a picnic tomorrow.(class指整体) 答案：is 解析：根据知识点二意义一致原则，集合名词class指整体时谓语用单数，故填is。 真题2（单项选择)： Neither the students nor their teacherlate for school this morning. A.was B.were C.are D.is 答案：A 解析：根据知识点三就近原则，neither.nor.连接并列主语时，谓语与靠近的主语their teacher(单 数)一致：由时间标志词this morning可知用一般过去时，be动词用was。 考法三：三大原则的综合辨析与运用 核心：结合语法一致、意义一致、就近原则，根据主语形式、意义及结构特点判断谓语动词单复数 真题1（单项选择)： Neither my family nor I_going to the party tomorrow.My family_preparing for a trip now. 4 初中综合运用沪教上海版 【语法专版】 主谓一致全解 A.is;is B.am;are C.are;is D.am;is 答案：B 解析：第一句由"neither..nor.”连接主语，遵循就近原则，靠近谓语的T'为第一人称，be动词用 am:第二句中family”表示成员”家人”，强调个体，谓语用复数are。 真题2（语法填空）： Three fourths of the water in this lake-(pollute)last month.Not only the workers but also the manager (know)about it now. 答案：was polluted knows 解析：第一句主语Three fourths of the water”中”water”为不可数名词，遵循语法一致原则，谓语用 单数：由last month”可知用一般过去时被动语态，故填was polluted.。第二句由"not only..but also.” 连接主语，遵循就近原则，靠近谓语的'the manager”为单数，谓语用knows。 解题小妙招 主谓一致妙招 语法一致看主语，单主单谓复主复： 意义一致看含义，集体名词分单复： 就近原则有特点，靠近主语定谓单复： 分数作主语看名词，名复谓复名单谓单： neither nor连接时，靠近名词定单复。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择（共10题） 1.My mother often-stories to me before bed. A.tell B.tells C.telling D.told 2.The news_exciting.We all jumped with joy. A.is B.are C.was D.were 3.Three hours_enough for us to finish the work. A.am B.is C.are D.be 4.Either you or your brother_the key to the door. A.have B.has C.is having D.are having 5.Not only my friends but also my teacher coming to the party. A.is B.are C.am D.be 6.The familywatching TV in the living room now. A.is B.are C.was D.were 初中综合运用沪教上海版 【语法专版】主谓一致全解 7.There_a pen,two pencils and a ruler on the desk. A.is B.are C.have D.has 8.Two thirds of the water in this bottle already drunk by Tom. A.was B.were C.has D.have 9.Neither the books nor the dictionary-mine. A.is B.are C.was D.were 10.The team_playing well,so they won the game. A.is B.are C.was D.were 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.She_(study)English every morning. 2.These children_(be)very happy in the park 3.His family_(be)a small one with three people 4.Either he or I(be)responsible for the mistake. 5.Five kilometers_(be)not a long distance for me. 6.Three fourths of the land(be)covered with trees. 7.Not only the students but also the teacher-(like)this song 8.The class-(be)listening to the teacher carefully now. 9.There(be)two cats and a dog in the garden 10.Neither my parents nor my sister_(has)been to Beijing. 演练三：语法填空（共10空） My name is Lily,and I live in a small town.Our school 1(be)not very big,but it 2(have)a friendly environment.Every morning,the students 3-(greet)each other with smiles. Our class 4_(be)a big family.Sometimes,we 5_(have)discussions in groups,and everyone 6(share) their ideas.My favorite subject is science,because it 7_(teach)us about nature. After school,either I or my best friend Lucy 8(go)to the library.We often read books there.Three hours 9(pass)quickly when we are reading.Neither Lucy nor I 10_(want)to leave the library! 答案区 演练-：1B2.C3B4B5.A6B7.A8.A9.A10B 演练二：1.studies2.are3.is4.am5.is6.is7.likes8.are9.are10.has 演练三：1.is2.has3.greet4.is5have6.shares7.teaches8.goes9.passes 10.want 6