基础句法 There be 句型 就近原则 否定、疑问句式 与 have has 的区别 -2025-2026学年英语中考复习语法知识点全解（沪教上海版）

初中沪教上海版 【基础句法】 知识点全解 语法专版 【专题】There be句型 基础句法专项突破 考频分析 沪教上海版初中基础句法中，There be句型是核心语法点，考频占句法总量的l5%左右，覆盖试卷 主要题型：单项选择(1-2题)、语法填空(2-3题)、完形填空(1-2题)、书面表达（基础句型考 察，影响句子结构正确性)。在语境应用类题目中，There be句型的就近原则、否定/疑问句式转换 及与have/has的区别辨析是解题核心。 考查内容 ·就近原则：be动词形式与靠近的名词单复数保持一致的具体应用 ·否定与疑问句式：在肯定句基础上添加否定词、调整语序构成否定句和疑问句的规则 。与have/has的区别：表示“存在”与“拥有”语义及用法的辨析 知识点一：There be句型的用法及注意事项 1.就近原则（谓语动词与最近主语保持一致） 1.规则说明：be动词的单复数形式由靠近它的名词（短语）的单复数决定 2.例句： 。There is a book and two pens on the desk.(最近主语a book为单数，用is) ·There are two pens and a book on the desk.(最近主语two pens为复数，用are) 2.否定句式（在be动词后加not) 1.基本结构：There+be+not+主语+其他 2.例句： ·There is not a cat in the room.(单数否定) 。There are not any apples in the basket.(复数否定，any用于否定句) 初中沪教上海版 【基础句法】 知识点全解 3.疑问句式（将be动词提到there之前） 1.基本结构：Be+here+主语+其他？ 2.例句： 。Is there a park near your home?(单数疑问) ·Are there any students in the classroom?(复数疑问，any用于疑问句) 4.与have/has的区别（表示，存在”vs”拥有”） l.There be:表示某地/某时有某物（强调客观存在）→例句：There is a garden behind the house,. 2.have/has:表示某人/某物拥有某物（强调所属关系）一例句：She has a beautiful garden.(主语she 为人，表拥有) 知识点二：There be句型核心用法 1.就近原则(be动词形式由最近主语决定) 1.规则说明：be动词的单复数形式取决于离它最近的名词（即“就近主语”），与其他名词无关。 2.例句 。There is a book and two pens on the desk.(就近主语a book是单数，用is) ·There are two pens and a book on the desk.(就近主语two pens是复数，用are) 2.否定句式（表“不存在”) 1.结构：在be动词后直接加not,即“There+be+not+主语+其他”。 2.缩写形式：is not=isn't:are not=aren't 3.例句： ·There isn't a library in this school..(单数主语，be动词用is+not) 。There aren't any students in the classroom now.(复数主语，be动词用are+not:any用于否定句) 3.疑问句式（表“是否存在”) 1.结构：将be动词提到句首，句尾加问号，即“Be+here+主语+其他？” 2.肯定/否定回答：用“Yes,there is/are.”或“No,there isn't/aren't.” 3.例句： ·一Is there a park near your home?(单数主语，be动词is提前) -Yes,there is./No,there isn't. 2 初中沪教上海版 【基础句法】 ,知识点全解 。一Are there any apples in the fridge?(复数主语，be动词are提前；any用于疑问句) -Yes,there are./No,there aren't. 4.与have/has的区别（存在vs拥有） 1.本质差异：There be表“某地/某时存在某物”，强调客观存在；have/has表“某人/某物拥有某物”， 强调所属关系。 2.句式对比： 。例句1(There be):There are three bedrooms in the house.(房子里存在三间卧室，不强调归属) ·例句2(have):My house has three bedrooms.(我的房子拥有三间卧室，强调归属) 3.易错提示：不可混用，如不能说“The house has three bedrooms in it.”(应改为There are..或The house has...) 知识点三：There be句型的时态变化 1.一般现在时 1.结构：There is+单数名词/不可数名词 →例句：There is a book on the desk.(（桌上有一本书。) 2.结构：There are+复数名词 →例句：There are three apples in the basket.（篮子里有三个苹果。) 2.一般过去时 1.结构：There was+单数名词/不可数名词 →例句：There was a park here last year..(去年这里有一个公园。) 2.结构：There were+复数名词 一→例句：There were many students in the classroom yesterday.(昨天教室里有很多学生。) 3.一般将来时 1.结构：There will be+名词（单/复/不可数） →例句：There will be a football match tomorrow.(明天将有一场足球赛。) 2.结构：There is/are going to be+名词（单/复/不可数） →例句：There is going to be a meeting this afternoon.(今天下午将有一个会议。) →例句：There are going to be two new libraries in our city next year.(明年我们城市将有两座新图书 馆。) 4.现在完成时 3 初中沪教上海版 【基础句法】 知识点全解 1.结构：There has been+单数名词/不可数名词 一→例句：There has been a big change in our town since2020.(自2020年以来，我们镇上发生了巨大 变化。) 2.结构：There have been+复数名词 →例句：There have been three accidents on this road this month.(这个月这条路上已经发生了三起事 故。) 考法精析 考法一：就近原则应用 核心：根据靠近be动词的名词单复数，选择正确的be动词形式 真题1（语法填空)： There_a pen and two books on the desk. 答案：is 解析：最近主语“apen”为单数，be动词用iso 真题2（单项选择)： There-some milk and apples in the fridge A.is B.are C.was D.were 答案：A 解析：最近主语“some milk”为不可数名词，be动词用is。 考法二：否定句式构成 核心：根据主语单复数，在be动词后加not构成否定句，注意any的使用 真题1（语法填空)： There_(not be)any students in the classroom now. 答案：aren't 解析：主语“any students”为复数，be动词用are,否定形式为aren't。 真题2（单项选择）： There_a library in our school.We need to go to the city library. A.isn't B.aren't C.wasn't D.weren't 答案：A 解析：主语“a library”为单数，且由后句“need to go”可知为现在时，否定形式用isnt。 考法三：疑问句式及回答 4 初中沪教上海版 【基础句法】 知识点全解 核心：将be动词提到句首构成疑问句，回答需使用there+be动词 真题1（句型转换)： There is a park near my home.(改为一般疑问句) a park near your home? 答案：Isthere 解析：将be动词is提到句首，构成一般疑问句。 真题2（单项选择)： -there any books on the desk? No, A.Are;there aren't B.Is;there isn't C.Are;they aren't D.Is;it isn't 答案：A 解析：主语“any books”为复数，be动词用are;否定回答用“No,there aren't”。 考法四：There be与have/has辨析 核心：根据语境区分“客观存在”(There be)与“所属关系”(have/has) 真题1（语法填空)： Our school.一a big playground.(用have/has或There be填空) 答案：has 解析：表示“学校拥有操场”，强调所属关系，主语为单数，用has。 真题2（单项选择)： -a lot of trees in the garden.My grandparents-planted them. A.There are;have B.There is;has C.They are;have D.It is;has 答案：A 解析：第一句表示“花园里有树”，用There be,主语“trees”为复数，用amre:第二句表示“祖父 母种植了树”，用have(主语为复数)。 解题小妙招 There be解题妙招 be动词选单复，就近名词是关键： 否定be后加not,any替换some记心间： 疑问be动词提前，回答仍用there be: 存在用There be,所属关系have/has: 时态要看时间词，过去was/were现is/are。 初中沪教上海版 【基础句法】知识点全解 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题) 1.There_a book and two pencils on the desk. A.is B.are C.was D.were 2.There_any students in the classroom now. A.isn't B.aren't C.wasn't D.weren't 3.-there a park near your home? -Yes,there. A.Is;is B.Are;are C.Is;are D.Are;is 4.There some milk and apples in the fridge yesterday. A.is B.are C.was D.were 5.-there any books on the shelf? —No,there一. A.Are;aren't B.Is;isn't C.Are;isn't D.Is;aren't 6.My schoola big playground. A.there is B.there are C.has D.have 7.three people in my family.Wea happy life. A.There are;have B.There is;has C.They are;have D.It is;has 8.Therea pen and some paper in the bag.Hethem for writing A.is;has B.are;has C.is;have D.are;have 9.-any water in the bottle? -No.ButI_a glass of juice here. A.Is there;have B.Are there;have C.Is there:;has D.Are there;has 10.There_many trees in the garden last year.My grandparents-planted them A.are;have B.were;have C.are;has D.were;has 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.There(be)two cats and a dog in the room. 2.There(not be)any milk in the cup now. 3.-(be)there a library in your school? 4.There_(be)some books and a pen on the desk yesterday. 5.My mother(have)a new car. 6.-(there be)a park near the hospital? 6 初中沪教上海版 【基础句法】 知识点全解 7.There_(not be)any students in the playground just now. 8.Our classroom_(have)four windows. 9.There(be)a big tree and some flowers in front of my house. 10.(there be)three books on the shelf?Yes,there_. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） My name is Lily.I live in a small house.1.-a garden behind my house.In the garden,2.-many flowers and a big tree.My father 3.-a green bike.He often rides it to work.4.-a desk and a chair in my bedroom. On the desk,5.-some books and a lamp.I 6.-a red schoolbag.7.-any toys under my bed?No,there 8..But my sister 9.many toys.Every morning,I look out of the window.I can see that 10.-birds in the tree. 答案区 演练-：1.A2B3.A4.C5.A6.C7.A8.A9.A10.B 演练二：1.are2.isn't3.Is4.were5.has6.Is7.weren't8.has9.is10.Are;are 1.There is 2.there are 3.has 4.There is 5.there are 6.have 7.Are there 8.aren't 9.has 10.there are 7