综合运用 语法综合运用 时态、语态、从句混合辨析 长难句拆分与翻译 -2025-2026学年英语中考复习语法知识点全解（沪教上海版）

初中沪教上海版综合运用 语法专项突破 语法综合运用 语法综合运用：时态/语态/从句混合辨 析、长难句拆分与翻译 沪教上海版初中语法 考频分析 沪教上海版初中语法综合运用中，语法综合运用（时态/语态/从句混合辨析、长难句拆分与翻译） 是重点语法模块，考频占语法综合运用总量的30%左右，贯穿试卷所有核心题型：单项选择(3-4 题)、完形填空(4-5题)、语法填空(3-4题)、阅读理解（核心考察，直接影响句子理解与答题准确 性)、书面表达（核心考察，直接影响文章逻辑与表达流畅性）。在语境理解和综合运用类题目中， 时态、语态的准确判断，从句的逻辑关系分析及长难句的拆分能力往往是解题关键。 考查内容 。时态/语态混合辨析：一般现在时与现在进行时、一般过去时与过去完成时的语境区分，主动语态与 被动语态在不同时态中的转换规则 ·从句综合运用：定语从句（关系代词which/.hat/who与关系副词where/when/why的辨析）、状语从 句（时间/条件/让步从句的引导词及时态呼应）、名词性从句（主语/宾语/表语从句的连接词选用） ●长难句拆分技巧：识别主干成分（主谓宾/主系表）与修饰部分（定语/状语/插入语），分析多重复 句的逻辑层次及翻译策略 知识点一：时态的基本用法及标志词 1.一般现在时（表示经常性、习惯性动作或客观事实） ·时间标志词：always(总是)、usually(通常)、often(经常)、every day(每天)、sometimes(有 时) ·动词形式：主语为第三人称单数时，动词加-s-es(如：likes,goes):其他人称用原形 。例句： 1.She usually walks to school.(经常性动作) 2.The earth goes around the sun.(客观事实) 初中沪教上海版综合运用 语法专项突破 2.一般过去时（表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态） ·时间标志词：yesterday(昨天)、last week(上周)、two days ago(两天前)、in2020(在2020年) 。动词形式：动词用过去式（规则动词加-ed,如：played,.watched:不规则动词需记忆，如：went, saw) 。例句： l.He played basketball with his friends yesterday.(过去发生的动作) 2.They were in Beijing last month.(过去存在的状态) 3.一般将来时（表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态） ·常见结构：will+动词原形/be going to+动词原形 。时间标志词：tomorrow(明天)、next week(下周)、soon(很快)、in+一段时间（如：in three days三天后) 。例句： 1.I will visit my grandparents tomorrow.(will) 2.She is going to buy a new book next Sunday.(be going to) 4.现在进行时（表示现在正在进行的动作） ·结构：be(an/is/are)+动词现在分词（动词加-ing) 。时间标志词：now(现在)、listen(听)、look(看)（常用于句首提示动作正在进行) ·例句： 1.They are playing football on the playground now.(now提示正在进行) 2.Listen!Someone is singing in the next room.(listen提示正在进行) 知识点二：核心从句与长难句拆分 1.宾语从句（作及物动词、介词或形容词的宾语） ·连接词：that(陈述句，可省略)、if/whether(一般疑问句，“是否”)、特殊疑问词(what/who/when/where/.why/how, 特殊疑问句) ·语序规则：从句必须用陈述语序（主语在前，谓语在后） ·例句： 1.She says(that)she likes English.(陈述句作宾语，that可省略) 2.Idon't know if he will come tomorrow.(一般疑问句作宾语，用if,陈述语序he will come) 3.Could you tell me where the post office is?(特殊疑问句作宾语，用where,陈述语序the post office is) 2.定语从句（修饰名词或代词，作定语） 2 初中沪教上海版综合运用 语法专项突破 。关系代词（指代人/物，在从句中作主语或宾语）：who(指人，作主语)、whom(指人，作宾语， 可省略)、which(指物，作主语/宾语)、that(指人/物，作主语/宾语，口语中可替代who/which) 。基本结构：先行词（被修饰的名词/代词）+关系代词+从句（缺少主语/宾语） 。例句： l.This is the girl who helped me.(先行词the girl,指人，who在从句中作主语) 2.The book(which/that)I bought yesterday is interesting.(先行词the book,指物，which/that在 从句中作宾语，可省略) 3.He is the boy(whom)we met at the park.(先行词the boy,指人，whom在从句中作宾语，可 省略) 3.状语从句（修饰动词、形容词或整个句子，表时间、条件、原因等） 。时间状语从句(when/while/as“当…时”，ntil“直到”，after“在…之后”)例句：Iwas doing homework when the doorbell rang..(when引导，“门铃响时我正在写作业”) 。条件状语从句(if“如果”，unless“除非”，遵循“主将从现”：主句将来时/情态动词，从句一 般现在时)例句：If it rains tomorrow,we will stay at home.(if引导，从句一般现在时rains,主句 将来时will stay) ●原因状语从句(because“因为”，so“所以”，二者不可同时使用)例句：He didn't go to school because he was ill..(because引导，“因为生病没上学”) 4.长难句拆分技巧（三步骤） 。找主干（主谓宾/主系表，忽略修饰成分）例：The girl who is wearing a red dress is my sister.主 干：The girl is my sister.(主谓宾结构) ·辨修饰（定位定语从句、状语从句等修饰部分）修饰：who is wearing a red dress(定语从句，修 饰先行词the girl) 。理逻辑（按“主干→修饰”顺序翻译，调整语序）翻译：穿红裙子的那个女孩是我妹妹。 知识点三：非谓语动词 1.todo(不定式) 。基础搭配拓展（中考必背）： l.plan to do(计划做)→例句：She plans to visit her grandparents this weekend. 2.hope to do(希望做)→例句：We hope to win the English competition. 3.try to do(努力做)→例句：He tries to finish his homework on time, 4.learn to do(学习做)→例句：The child learns to play the piano, 5.want to do(想要做)→例句：They want to go to the park tomorrow. 6.decide to do(决定做)→例句：I decide to study harder next term. 7.ask sb.todo(要求某人做)→例句：The teacher asks us to read English every morning. 3 初中沪教上海版综合运用 语法专项突破 8.tell sb.todo（告诉某人做)→例句：My mother tells me to go to bed early 9.advise sb.todo（建议某人做)→例句：The doctor advises him to exercise more. l0.need to do(需要做)→例句：We need to buy some vegetables.. 。特殊结构搭配（中考易错）： l.It's+adj.+todo(做某事是…的)→例句：It's important to leamn English well.. 2.too+adj.+todo(太…而不能做)→例句：He is too young to drive a car. 3.enough+adj.+todo(足够…去做)→例句：She is old enough to go to school. 2.doing(动名词/现在分词) ·基础搭配拓展（中考必背)： l.enjoy doing(喜欢做)→例句：They enjoy playing basketball after school. 2.finish doing(完成做)→例句：I finish doing my homework at8p.m. 3.be good at doing(擅长做)→例句：She is good at singing English songs. 4.be interested in doing(对…感兴趣)→例句：He is interested in reading science books.. 5.keep doing(持续做)→例句：The rain keeps falling all day. 6.practice doing(练习做)→例句：We practice speaking English every class. 7.mind doing(介意做)例句：Do you mind opening the window? 8.avoid doing(避免做)→例句：He tries to avoid making mistakes. 9.suggest doing（建议做)→例句：The teacher suggests having a class meeting l0.spend time doing(花费时间做)→例句：I spend two hours doing my homework every day. 。固定短语搭配（中考常考）： 1.look forward to doing(期待做)→例句：We look forward to meeting you soon. 2.give up doing（放弃做)→例句：He gives up smoking for his health. 3.be used to doing(习惯做)→例句：She is used to getting up early, 3.do(动词原形) ●使役动词+do(中考核心)： l.let sb.do(让某人做)→例句：Let him help you with the work. 2.make sb.do(使某人做)→例句：The story makes us laugh, 3.have sb.do(让某人做)→例句：My father has me clean the room ·感官动词+do(中考易错)： l.see sb.do(看见某人做某事全过程)→例句：I see her walk to school every day. 2.hear sb.do(听见某人做某事全过程)→例句：We hear him sing in the next room. 3.watch sb.do(观看某人做某事全过程)一例句：They watch the children play games. 4.notice sb.do(注意到某人做某事全过程)→例句：She notices the boy run past the door: 4 初中沪教上海版综合运用 语法专项突破 考法精析 考法一：宾语从句连接词选择 核心：根据宾语从句的类型（陈述句/一般疑问句/特殊疑问句），选择正确的连接词并保持陈述语序 真题1（单项选择)： She asked me I could help her with her English homework A that B if Cwhat D where 答案：B 解析：从句为一般疑问句(“是否能帮忙”)，连接词用if/whether,此处选项中只有f,故选B。 真题2（语法填空)： Could you tell me the nearest post office is?I need to send a letter. 答案：where 解析：从句为特殊疑问句（询问地点），用连接词whre:宾语从句需用陈述语序，符合“连接词+ 主语+谓语”结构。 考法二：宾语从句与时态结合 核心：根据主句时态，判断宾语从句的动词形式，确保时态一致 真题1（语法填空)： She said she (go)to the park the next day. 答案：would go 解析：主句“She said”为一般过去时，从句需用过去相关时态：由时间标志词“the next day”(相 对于过去的第二天)可知，用过去将来时，结构为“would+动词原形”。 真题2（单项选择)： Do you know if he to the party tomorrow? A.come B.comes C.will come D.came 答案：C 解析：主句“D0 you know”为一般现在时，从句可根据实际情况用任何时态：由时间标志词“to- morrow”可知，动作尚未发生，用一般将来时。 考法二：非谓语动词与固定搭配 核心：根据动词或形容词后的固定搭配，选择正确的非谓语动词形式(todo/doing/do) 真题1（语法填空)： My mother often tells me (brush)my teeth twice a day. 5 初中沪教上海版综合运用 语法专项突破 答案：to brush 解析：固定搭配“tell sb.to do sth.”(告诉某人做某事)，此处用不定式to brush。 真题2（单项选择)： He enjoys basketball with his friends after school. A.play B.plays C.playing D.to play 答案：C 解析：固定搭配“enjoy doing sth.”(喜欢做某事)，此处用动名词playing。 考法二：定语从句与关系词选择 核心：根据先行词的性质（人/物/时间/地点)和在从句中的成分（主语/宾语/状语），选择正确的关 系代词或关系副词 真题1（语法填空）： This is the book I borrowed from the library yesterday. 答案：which/that 解析：先行词“the book”为物，在从句中作宾语，关系代词可用which或that,此处可省略。 真题2（单项选择)： The girl is standing under the tree is my sister A.who B.which C.whose D.where 答案：A 解析：先行词“the girl”指人，在从句中作主语，关系代词用who。 考法三：时态、从句与非谓语动词的综合运用 核心：结合语境判断时态，正确使用从句连接词及语序，掌握非谓语动词搭配规则 真题1（单项选择)： She told me that she to learn swimming next month because she enjoys in the water A.will plan;to swim B.planned;swimming C.was planning;swimming D.plans;swim 答案：C 解析：主句谓语动词'told'为一般过去时，宾语从句需用相应过去时态，”next month”在间接引语 中变为the next month'”,故用过去将来时"was planning”;enjoy'后接动名词作宾语，”swim'的动 名词形式为”swimming”。 真题2（语法填空）： The girl who (read)under the tree now wants (join)the reading club because she is 6 初中沪教上海版综合运用 语法专项突破 interested in (read)stories. 答案：isreading:tojoin;reading 解析：定语从句中”now”提示用现在进行时，主语”the girl为第三人称单数，be动词用”is”,”read 的现在分词为”reading”;”want'后接不定式”to join'”;be interested in”后接动名词'reading”。 解题小妙招 宾语从句妙招 连接词选看类型，陈述用that疑问f; 特殊疑问用特词，语序陈述要牢记： 时态主现从不限，主过从过才合适： 客观真理永一现，时间标志是钥匙。 非谓语动词妙招 固定搭配是核心，to do doing分清楚； tell ask order后，todo结构不能丢： enjoy finish mind接，doing形式记心头： let make have后接do,被动还原to要留。 定语从句妙招 先行词是人用who/whom,物用which/that引： 关系代词作主语，who which that不能去： 作宾可省要注意，whose表所属人/物行： 关系副词where when,地点时间作状语。 综合运用妙招 时态从句先判断，主过从过往前推： 非谓搭配记心间，to do doing看动词； 定语关系辨先行，成分作用是关键： 多考点题分步解，细心分析答案现。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.My father often tells me too much time on computer games A.not to spend B.not spend C.to not spend D.don't spend 2.Do you know the train will arrive at the station? A.that B.if C.where D.why 7 初中沪教上海版综合运用 语法专项突破 3.She said she to the Great Wall with her family the next month A.go B.goes C.will go D.would go 4.The girl」 _is wearing a red dress is my best friend. A.which B.who C.whose D.where 5.We dinner when the telephone rang last night. A.have B.had C.were having D.will have 6.He enjoys_ basketball with his classmates after school every day A.play B.plays C.playing D.to play 7.Could you tell me the nearest supermarket is?I want to buy some fruit. A.what B.how C.where D.when 8.This is the park we had a picnic last summer A.which B.where C.when D.why 9.If it tomorrow,we will stay at home and watch movies. A.rain B.rains C.rained D.will rain 10.My teacher asked me ifI my homework yet. A.finish B.finished C.have finished D.had finished 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.My mother often tells me (brush)my teeth twice a day. 2.She said she (visit)her grandparents the next week. 3.We are looking forward to (see)you at the party. 4.This is the book I borrowed from the library yesterday. 5.Listen!Someone (sing)in the next room now. 6.Could you tell me the train leaves?I need to catch the 9 o'clock one. 7.He decided (study)harder to pass the English exam 8.The girl hair is black is my sister 9.If you (not hurry),you will miss the bus 10.I saw him (play)football on the playground when I passed by. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空) It was Sunday morning.Lily (read)a storybook when her mother came into her room.Her mother said,"Lily,could you please help me with the housework?I need (clean)the living room,and your father asked you could wash the car."Lily replied,"Sure,Mom.But I want to finish this story first.It's about a girl lives in a small village.She (save)a little bird P 初中沪教上海版综合运用 语法专项突破 yesterday,and now she is trying (find)its mother.” After an hour,Lily finished reading.She went to the garden and started washing the car.While she (wash),her friend Lucy called.Lucy said,"Lily,do you know the new park opens? I heard it has a big playground."Lily answered,"I'm not sure,but I can ask my father.He (work)there last month. In the afternoon,Lily and Lucy went to the park.They had fun (play)on the playground.Lily thought it was a great day! 答案区 演练-：1.A2.B3.D4B5.C6.C7.C8B9B10D 演练二：1.to brush2.would visit3.seeing4.which/that5.is singing 6.when 7.to study 8.whose 9.don't hurry 10.play 演练三：1.was reading2.to clean3.if/whether4.who/that5.saved6.to find7.was washing 8.when 9.worked 10.playing 9