基础句法 疑问句 一般疑问句 特殊疑问句 疑问词 what who where when how why -2025-2026学年英语中考复习语法知识点全解（沪教上海版）

初中基础句法 【沪教上海版】 疑问句专题 语法精讲 【专题】疑问句：一般疑问句、特殊疑问句 (疑问词what/who/where/when/how/why). 初中基础句法核心考点 考频分析 沪教上海版初中基础句法中，疑问句是重点语法模块，考频占句法总量的15%左右，贯穿试卷多 个核心题型：单项选择(2-3题)、完形填空(2-3题)、语法填空(1-2题)、阅读理解（辅助理解细 节信息)。在语境应用类题目中，一般疑问句的语序、特殊疑问句疑问词的选择及答语匹配往往是 解题关键。 考查内容 。疑问句类型辨析：一般疑问句的构成(b动词/助动词情态动词提前)与回答方式：特殊疑问句中 疑问词what/who/where/when/how/why的具体用法及语境匹配 。疑问句语序规则：特殊疑问句中疑问词后接一般疑问句语序的基本结构，以及疑问词作主语时的陈 述语序特点 知识点一：疑问句的分类及基础用法 1.一般疑问句（用yes/no回答，需借助助动词或情态动词) 1.结构：助动词情态动词+主语+谓语+其他？ 2.例句： ·Do you like apples'?(借助助动词do构成一般现在时疑问句) ●Can he swim?(借助情态动词can构成疑问句) 2.特殊疑问句（用疑问词开头，询问具体信息） 1.疑问词what(什么)：What is this? 2.疑问词who(谁)：Who is your English teacher? 初中基础句法 【沪教上海版】 疑问句专题 3.疑问词where(哪里)：Where do you live? 4.疑问词when(何时)：When will you go to Beijing? 5.疑问词how(如何)：How do you get to school'? 6.疑问词why(为什么)：Why are you late? 知识点二：疑问句的构成与用法 1.一般疑问句（用yes/no回答，询问事实或状态) 1.结构： 。be动词型：Am/Is/Are+主语+表语？ 例句：(I)Are you a student?(2)Is this your book? 。助动词型（实义动词）：Do/Does/Did+主语+动词原形+其他？ (1)Do they play football every day?(2)Did she go to the park yesterday? 。情态动词型：Can/May/Must/Wil+主语+动词原形+其他？ 例句：(1)Can you speak English?(2)Will he come tomorrow? 2.回答规则： ·肯定回答：Ys,主语+be动词/助动词/情态动词. 例句：(1)Yes,Iam.(2)Yes,she did ·否定回答：No,主语+be动词/助动词/情态动词+not 例句：(I)No,it isn't.(2)No,they won't 2.特殊疑问句（用疑问词开头，询问具体信息，回答不可用yes/no) 1.疑问词分类及用法： 。what(什么，询问事物/职业) 结构：What+be动词/助动词+主语+其他？ 例句：(I)What is this?(2)What does your father do? 。who(谁，询问人，作主语时无需助动词) 结构：Who+动词+其他？/Who+be动词+表语？ 例句：(1)Who is singing in the room?(2)Who are those girls? 。where(哪里，询问地点) 结构：Where+be动词/助动词+主语+其他？ 例句：(I)Where do you live?(2)Where was she yesterday? ·when(何时，询问时间) 结构：Whem+助动词+主语+动词原形+其他？/When+be动词+主语+其他？ 例句：(I)When will the meeting start?(2)When is your birthday? 初中基础句法 【沪教上海版】 疑问句专题 。how(怎样，询问方式/程度/状态) 结构：How+be动词/助动词+主语+其他？ 例句：(I)How do you go to school?(2)How is your mother? ·why(为什么，询问原因，回答用because) 结构：Why+助动词+主语+动词原形+其他？ 例句：(I)Why are you late??(2)Why did he leave early? 2.语序规则（疑问词+一般疑问句语序，疑问词作主语时除外） 例句：(I)What time does the train arrive?(疑问词what time+一般疑间句) (2)Who broke the window?(疑问词who作主语，直接加动词) 3.选择疑问句（提供两种或以上选项，用0r连接，回答选择其一，不可用 yes/no） 1.结构（一般疑问句+0r+选项？/特殊疑问句+选项A+or+选项B?) :(1)Do you like tea or coffee?(2)Which color do you prefer,red or blue? 2.回答规则（直接选择选项回答，无需加yes/no) 例句：(I)Coffee.(2)I prefer blue. 知识点三：疑问句 1.一般疑问句 1.基础结构（中考必背)： 。Be动词(am/is/are/was/were)+主语+其他？→例句：Are you from Beijing? 。助动词(do/does/did)+主语+动词原形+其他？一→例句：Do they often play football? 。情态动词(can/may/must/should)+主语+动词原形+其他？一→例句：Can you speak English? 2.肯定/否定回答（中考基础)： ·Be动词提问：Yes,主语+be./No,主语+be+not.→例句：一Is she a student?一Yes,heis./ No,she isn't. ·助动词提间：Yes,主语+do/does/did./No,主语+don't/doesn't/didn't.一→例句：一Did he go to school yesterday?-Yes,he did./No,he didn't. ●情态动词提问：Yes,主语+can/may/must/should./No,主语+can't/may not/mustn't/shouldn't.→ 例句：一Can I borrow your book?-Yes,you can./No,you can't. 2.特殊疑问句（疑问词what/who/where/when/how/why) 1.疑问词分类及用法（中考核心）： ●what(什么)→询间事物/职业→例句：What's your favorite color?What does your father do? 3 初中基础句法 【沪教上海版】 疑问句专题 。who(谁)→询问人→例句：Who is the girl in red? ·where(哪里)一询问地点→例句：Where do you live? 。when(何时)→询问时间一→例句：When will the party start? 。how(如何/怎样)→询问方式/程度→例句：How do you go to school?How old is your brother? 。why(为什么)→询问原因→例句：Why are you late for class? 2.结构及语序（中考易错）： ●疑问词+be动词+主语+其他？→例句：What is this in English? ·疑问词+助动词+主语+动词原形+其他？→例句：Where does she work? 。疑问词+情态动词+主语+动词原形+其他？→例句：How can I get to the park? ●why引导的疑问句▣答用because→例句：一Why do you like pandas?一Because they are cute. 3.选择疑问句 1.基础结构（中考常考)： ·一般疑问句+or+选择部分？→例句：Do you like tea or coffee? 。特殊疑问句+AorB？→例句：Which season do you like best,spring or autumn? 2.回答注意事项（中考基础）： ·不能用Yes/No回答，需直接选择选项→例句：一Is he a doctor or a teacher?一Ie is a teacher. ·选项为同类事物（如时间、地点、动作等）→例句：一When will you go,.Saturday or Sunday?一 Sunday. 考法精析 考法一：一般疑问句结构辨析 核心：根据句子语境和动词类型，选择正确的b动词、情态动词或助动词构成一般疑问句 真题1（语法填空)： -they playing basketball on the playground now? 答案：Are 解析：由now可知为现在进行时，句子已有实义动词playing,需用be动词构成疑问句，主语they 为复数，be动词用Are。 真题2（单项选择)： -your brother usually-up early in the morning? A.Do get B.Does get C.Is get D.Can gets 答案：B 解析：句中usually表明为一般现在时，实义动词get作谓语，主语your brother为第三人称单数，需 4 初中基础句法 【沪教上海版】 疑问句专题 用助动词Does,其后动词用原形gt。 考法二：疑问句类型判断与结构转换 核心：识别一般疑问句和特殊疑问句的区别，掌握不同类型疑问句的结构特点及转换方法 真题1（句型转换)： They will have a picnic next Sunday.(改为一般疑问句) -they_a picnic next Sunday? 答案：Will have 解析：原句为一般将来时，改为一般疑问句需将情态动词will提前，谓语动词用原形have。 真题2（单项选择）： _do you go to the library? Once a week A.How often B.How long C.How far D.How many 答案：A 解析：根据答语'Once a week”(一周一次)可知询问频率，how often用于询问动作发生的频率，符 合语境。how long询问时间段，how far询问距离，how many询问可数名词数量，均不符合。 考法三：疑问句的综合辨析与转换 核心：掌握一般疑问句、特殊疑问句及选择疑问句的结构特点，能根据语境区分疑问类型并正确 转换句式 真题1（单项选择）： do you usually go to school?By bike. A What B How C Where D Why 答案：B 解析：由答语“By bike”可知询问交通方式，应用疑问词how,符合知识点二和三中how对方式 提问的用法。 真题2（句型转换）： Tom plays basketball every afternoon.(改为一般疑问句) _Tom_basketball every afternoon? 答案：Does play 解析：原句为实义动词play的一般现在时，主语Tom是第三人称单数，变一般疑问句需借助助动 词does,动词还原为原形play,符合知识点一和三中助动词型一般疑问句的结构规则。 解题小妙招 5 初中基础句法 【沪教上海版】 疑问句专题 一般疑问句妙招 be情助动放句首，实义动词看类型： 现在进行be提前，主语复数are来伴： 一般现在第三人称，does开头动词还原： 情态动词can/may,直接提前莫迟疑； 回答yes/no要分明，be动助动跟主语。 特殊疑问句妙招 疑问词先打头，be情助动随后走： how often问频率，once a week最常见： how询问方式法，by bike/foot来回答： what问事物，who问人，where地点记心间： 一般疑问转特殊，疑问词加一般疑问句。 综合运用妙招 一般疑问用yes/1no,特殊疑问问具体： be动词提前看主语，单三does别忘记： how问方式what问物，结合答语定类型： 复数主语are提问，肯定回答are呼应。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.-is your favorite subject? —English. A What B Who C Where D When 2.-you speak Japanese? -No,I can't. A Do B Can C Are D Have 3.-they play basketball every Saturday? A Does B Are C Do DIs 4.-will the concert start? -At7:30p.m. A When B How C Where D Why 5.My brother usually walks to school..(对划线部分提问) --your brother usually go to school? A How does B How do C Why does D When do 6 初中基础句法 【沪教上海版】 疑问句专题 6.-is the library from your home? -About 1 kilometer. A How long B How far C How often D How many 7.-you finish your homework yesterday? -No,I didn't. A Do B Did C Does D Are 8.-cleaned the classroom this morning? -Lily did. A Who B Whom C Whose D Which 9.-I borrow your dictionary? -Sure,here you are. A Must B Should C May D Will 10.一_do you visit your grandparents？ -Twice a month. A How long B How often C How far D How much 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.(be)you a student?Yes,I (be) 2.-(do)your parents like reading?No,they_(do) 3.-(can)he swim?Yes,he_(can) 4._(when)will you go to Beijing?Next Sunday. 5.-(what)is your favorite sport?Swimming. 6.-(how)does your father go to work?By car. 7.-(why)were you late for class?Because I missed the bus. 8.(be)there a park near your home?Yes,there.(be) 9._(have)she finished her homework yet?No,she_.(have) 10.(which)book do you want,the red one or the blue one? 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的疑问词、助动词或情态动词，使短文完整通顺。 Tom is a middle school student.One day,his teacher asked him some questions: Teacher:Tom,_is your favorite subject? Tom:English. 初中基础句法 【沪教上海版】 疑问句专题 Teacher:_do you like English? Tom:Because it's interesting. Teacher:do you usually study English? Tom:I study English by reading English stories. Teacher:do you read English stories? Tom:Every day. Teacher:-is your English teacher? Tom:Miss Wang. Teacher:_does Miss Wang live? Tom:She lives near our school. Teacher:will the English test be? Tom:Next Friday. Teacher:-you ready for the test? Tom:Yes,I am.I(study)hard these days. Teacher:Good!you pass the test! Tom:Thank you,teacher! 参考答案 演练-：1.A2B3.C4.A5.A6.B7B8.A9.C10B 1.Are,am 2.Do,don't 3.Can,can 4.When 5.What 6.How 7.Why 8.Is,is 9.Has,hasn't 10.Which 演练三：1.what2.Why3How4.How often5.Who6.Where7.When8.Are9.have studied 10.May/Will