what/why/when/who等特殊疑问词-备战2025-2026学年七年级英语上学期期末语法全解（人教版）

ENGLISH-初一系列资料（人教版） Chapter1 what/why/when/who等特殊疑问词 考频分析 what/why/when/who等特殊疑问词是中考英语句法的重要模块，考频占句法总量的15%左右，主要分布 在试卷核心题型：单项选择(1-2题)、完形填空(2-3题)、阅读理解（题干及选项高频出现）、书面表达 (用于问句构建，影响交流有效性)。在问句理解与构建类题目中，特殊疑问词的词义辨析及句型结构往往 是解题关键。 考查内容 中考对特殊疑问词的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础用法与语境应用： ·疑问词分类应用：what(事物内容)、why(原因)、when(时间)、who(人)等疑问词的词义辨析与 功能匹配； ·疑问词与助动词搭配：疑问词+助动词(do/does/did/wil等)构成疑问句的语序规则与语境应用； ·疑问词引导从句：疑问词引导宾语从句、状语从句时的句法功能（连接作用、充当句子成分）与语序转 换。 精讲精练 知识点一：特殊疑问词的分类及基础用法 ·询问事物/动作(what) 一含义：用于对“事物名称”或“动作内容”提问 -例句：口hat is this'?(对事物提问，意为“这是什么？”)口What does she do every morning?(对 动作提问，意为“她每天早上做什么？”) ·询问原因(why) -含义：用于对“原因”提问，回答通常用because引导 -例句：口/hy are you late?(意为“你为什么迟到？”)口Why does he like pandas?(意为“他为什 么喜欢熊猫？) ·询问时间(when) 一含义：用于对“时间点”或“时间段”提问 -例句：口Nhen do you get up?(对时间点提问，意为“你什么时候起床？”)口When will the party stat?(对将来时间提问，意为“派对什么时候开始？) ·询问人物(who) 一含义：用于对“人”的身份或姓名提问 -例句：口ho is that girl?(对身份提问，意为“那个女孩是谁？”)口ho teaches you math？(对主 语提问，意为“谁教你们数学？”) 【即学即练】 1.【疑问词分类】对“原因”进行提问时，应使用哪个特殊疑问词？ A.what B.why C.when D.who 2.【基础用法】请用恰当的疑问词填空：Lis your favorite subject??(你最喜欢的科目是什么？) 3.【词义辨析】一_do you go to bed every night?一At9o'clock.此处应填？ A.what B.why C.when D.who 4.【功能匹配】一Lis knocking at the door'?一lt's my brother.此处应填？ A.what B.why C.when D.who 5.【用法拓展】why提问的答句通常用 引导，what提问事物时答句常用 /They are.开头o 初一|英语|人教版 ENGLISH-初一系列资料（人教版） 知识点二：特殊疑问词在具体语境中的疑问句结构与答句逻辑 ·询问事物/动作(what) 1.疑问句结构 -对事物提问：hat+be动词+主语？（主语为单数/复数决定be动词用is/are) -对动作提问：hat+助动词(do/does/did)+主语+动词原形？ 2.答句逻辑 -事物类回答：直接说明事物名称(Itsa.They are.…) 一动作类回答：用动词原形或动宾结构描述动作 3.例句： -口-What is this?-lt's a smartwatch.(事物▣答) -☐-What does your father do every evening?-He reads newspapers.(动作回答，第三人称单数 动词加-s) ·询问原因(why) 1.疑问句结构 -一般现在时：Why+do/does+主语+动词原形？ 一一般过去时：Why+did+主语+动词原形？ 2.答句逻辑 -必须用because引导原因状语从句，或使用todo不定式表示目的 3.例句： -d-Why are the windows open?-Because the room is too hot..(从句回答) -口-Why did she go to the library?-To borrow some books.(不定式回答) ·询问时间(when) 1.疑问句结构 -将来时：When+wil+主语+动词原形？ -过去时：When+did+主语+动词原形？ 2.答句逻辑 -用具体时间点段回答，需注意时间介词使用(at/on/in) 3.例句： -·-When will the concert begin？-At7:30 tonight.(时间点▣答) -口-When did they visit the museum？-Last Monday.(时间段回答，省略介词) ·询问人物(who) 1.疑问句结构 -作主语：ho+谓语动词？（注意谓语动词单复数） -作宾语：Who(m)+助动词+主语+动词？ 2.答句逻辑 一根据提问对象回答具体人物身份或姓名，注意主宾格转换 3.例句： -口-Who teaches you English?(who作主语)-Mr.Wang does.(主语回答，用主格) -口-Who did you meet at the station?(who作宾语)-I met her..(宾语回答，用宾格) 知识点三：特殊疑问词与常见句型及固定搭配的融合运用 ·what相关句型 一基础搭配拓展（中考必背）： *☐What about？(…怎么样？表a建议)→例句：What about going swimming this afternoon? *口What if...?(如果…怎么办？)→例句：What if it rains tomorrow? *口/hat for'?(为什么？表目的)→例句：-I need a rope.-hat for? *Ohat's wrong with..？(…出什么i问题了？)→例句：What's wrong with your computer'? *☐/hat do you think of..?(你认为…怎么样)→例句：What do you think of this movie'? 一特殊结构搭配（中考易错）： *☐What+alan+adj.+n.!(感叹句)→例句：What a beautiful painting! *口hat+adj.+n.+主语+谓语！→例句：What delicious food you cooked! ·why相关句型 一基础搭配拓展（中考必背）： *口Why not+动词原形？（为什么不…？表建议）→例句：Vhy not ask the teacher for help? *☐Why don't you/we..?(为什么不…？)→例句：hy don't we take a break? *口That'swhy.(那就是为什么…)→例句：That'swhy|was late for school.. -固定短语搭配（中考常考）： *口the reason why..(…的原因)→例句：That's the reason why I love English. *☐Why so..？(为什么这么…)→例句：Why so serious?It's just a game. ·when相关句型 -基础搭配拓展（中考必背）： *☐Vhen it comes to..(当谈到.)→例句：Vhen it comes to music,she becomes very excited. *口Tell me when..(告诉我当…的时候)→例句：Tell me when you arrive at the station. 一时间状语从句连接（中考核心）： *口when s导时间状语从句→例句：I was reading when the phone rang. *口特殊疑问词when与完成时连用→例句：hen have you been to Beijing? ·who相关句型 一基出搭配拓展（中考必背）： *口Who else?(还有谁？)→例句：-Tom will join us.-Who else? *口Who's that?(那是谁？电话用语)→例句：Who's that speaking? 一定语从句连接（中考重点）： *☐whoI导定语从句（修饰人）→例句：The boy who is playing basketball is my brother.. *口疑问词who与宾语从句连用→例句：Do you know who broke the window? 一特殊结构（中考易错）： *☐Who do you think..?(你认为谁…？)→例句：/ho do you think will win the game? *☐lt's.who.(强调句型)→例句：It was Mary who helped me yesterday. 初一|英语|人教版 ENGLISH-初一系列资料（人教版） 考法一：特殊疑问词基础用法辨析 ·核心：根据语境判断提问对象（事物、原因、时间、人物），选择正确的特殊疑问词 ·真题1（单项选择）： --is your favorite teacher? --Mr.Li.He teaches us math A.What B.Why C.When D.Who -答案：D解析：由答句“Mr.Li”(人物身份)可知，问句提问“谁”，用特殊疑问词who。 ·真题2（完形填空）： -一_do you usually get up on weekends？ --At 8:00 a.m.I like to sleep late A.What B.Why C.When D.Who -答案：C解析：由答句“At8:00a.m.”(时间点)可知，问句提问“时间”，用特殊疑问词when。 考法二：疑问词与疑问句结构匹配 ·核心：根据语境中提问对象（事物原因时间/人物），选择正确的特殊疑问词并构建符合语法规则的疑问 句结构 ·真题1（单项选择）： --do you usually go to school? --I usually go to school at 7:00 a.m. A.What B.Why C.When D.Who -答案：C解析：答句回答具体时间点“at7:00a.m”,对时间提问用疑问词when,符合知识点一中 “when用于对时间点段提问”及知识点二中“when引导的疑问句结构”。 ·真题2（句型转换）： -Tom plays basketball every afternoon.(对划线部分提问) --Tom _every afternoon? -答案：What does do解析：划线部分“plays basketball'”为动作内容，对动作提问用疑问词what;原 句为一般现在时第三人称单数，助动词用does,动词原形用do,符合知识点二中“what对动作提问 的结构：What+助动词+主语+动词原形”。 考法三：特殊疑问词的综合运用 ·核心：根据语境判断疑问对象（事物原因时间/人物），结合句型搭配和语法结构选择正确的疑问词及应 答方式 ·真题1（单项选择）： ---did you put my dictionary? --On your desk.I saw it just now. A.What B.Why C.When D.Where -答案：D解析：答句”On your desk”表示地点，需用询问地点的特殊疑问词where。.what询问事物， why询问原因，when询问时间，均不符合语境。 ·真题2（补全对话）： -A:_are you always late for school these days? -B:Because my bike is broken and I have to walk -A:_not take a bus?It's faster than walking. B:That's a good idea. -答案： -第-空：Why -第二空：Why -解析：第一空根据答句”Because..”可知询问原因，用hy;第二空”一not take a bus'”是固定建 议句型"Why not+动词原形”，表示”为什么不坐公交车”。 -(注：本题虽未直接考察who和when,但通过排除法强化了why的语境识别，同时融合了hy not 固定句型，体现了多知识点的综合运用) 初一|英语」人教版 ENGLISH-初一系列资料（人教版） 解题小妙招 特殊疑问词妙招 疑问词选看答语，对象类型先辨明； 人物用who,事物what问； 时间when地点where,原因why方式how; 答句人物身份明，直接锁定疑问词who; 时间点前when来问，地点状语where跟； by短语表方式，how提问准没错； because回答why问，固定句型记心间； 综合运用看语境，排除法也能帮大忙。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择（共10题） 1._is that in your hand? A.What B.Why C.When D.Who 2._do you usually have breakfast? A.What B.Why C.When D.Who 3._did she cry yesterday? A.What B.Why C.When D.Who 4.-teaches you English this term? A.What B.Why C.When D.Who 5._does your mother do every evening? A.What B.Why C.When D.Who 6.-not go to the park with us? A.What B.Why C.When D.Who 7.will the train arrive? A.What B.Why C.When D.Who 8.-a beautiful flower it is! A.What B.Why C.When D.Who 9.is the girl in red dress? A.What B.Why C.When D.Who 10._do you like winter? A.What B.Why C.When D.Who 演练二：填空（共10题） 1.is this?It's a pen. 2.-does he do every morning?He runs 3._are you late?Because I missed the bus. 4.will the party start?At 7 pm. 5.is your favorite singer?Taylor Swift 6.-do they usually eat for lunch?They eat rice. 7._did you buy this book?To learn English 8._do you go to school?At 8 am. 9._is your father's job?He is a doctor. 10.-teaches math in your class?Mr Wang 演练三：语法填空（共10空） Tom:Hi Lily!1_are you doing now? Lily:I'm reading a book. Tom:2book is it? Lily:It's a storybook about animals. Tom:3-do you like reading it? Lily:Because the stories are interesting. Tom:4-did you start reading it? Lily:Yesterday afternoon. Tom:5-gave it to you? Lily:My sister. Tom:6 time will you finish it? Lily:Maybe in an hour. Tom:7-not read it together? Lily:Good idea！ Tom:8_do you want to do after reading? Lily:I want to watch TV. Tom:9_does the TV show start? Lily:At 8 pm. Tom:10will watch it with you? Lily:My brother. 答案 演练一：单项选择 1.A2.C3.B4.D5.A6.B7.C8.A9.D10.B 演练二：填空 1.What 2.What 3.Why 4.When 5.Who 6.What 7.Why 8.When 9.What 10.Who 演练三：语法填空 1.What 2.What 3.Why 4.When 5.Who 6.What 7.Why 8.What 9.When 10.Who 初一英语引人教版