基础句法 感叹句 what 引导名词短语 how 引导形容词、副词 -2025-2026学年英语中考复习语法知识点全解（沪教上海版）

初中语法沪教上海版 【基础句法】 感叹句专项突破 核心语法 感叹句：what引导（名词短语）、how引 导（形容词/副词） 沪教上海版初中语法·基础句法 考频分析 沪教上海版初中基础句法中，感叹句是核心语法点，考频占句法总量的15%左右，主要分布在试 卷关键题型：单项选择(1-2题)、句型转换(2-3题)、书面表达（辅助提升情感表达丰富性）。在 语法应用类题目中，what与how的引导词选择及名词短语、形容词/副词的搭配辨析是解题核心。 考查内容 。what引导结构：修饰名词短语的基础构成(What+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数；What+adj.+不可数名 词/可数名词复数) 。how引导结构：修饰形容词/副词的基本形式(How+ad/adv.)及与wat引导句的转换辨析 知识点一：感叹句的结构及用法 1.what引导的感叹句（修饰名词短语） 1.基本结构：What+(a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语！ 2.例句： ·What a beautiful flower it is!(修饰可数名词单数，a/an不可省略) ·What delicious food they are eating!(修饰不可数名词，无需a/an) 2.how引导的感叹句（修饰形容词/副词) 1.基本结构：How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语！ 2.例句： ·How happy the children are!(修饰形容词happy) ·How fast he runs!(修饰副词fast) 初中语法沪教上海版 【基础句法】 感叹句专项突破 知识点二：感叹句的结构与用法 1.what引导的感叹句（修饰名词短语） 1.基本结构： ●What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数(+主语+谓语)！ ·What+形容词+可数名词复数(+主语+谓语)！ 。What+形容词+不可数名词(+主语+谓语)！ 2.例句： ·What a beautiful flower(itis)！(修饰可数名词单数flower,beautiful是形容词) ·What interesting books(they are)!(修饰可数名词复数books,.interesting是形容词) 。What fine weather(itis)today！(修饰不可数名词weather,fine是形容词) 2.how引导的感叹句（修饰形容词/副词) 1.基本结构： ·How+形容词(+主语+系动词)！ ·How+副词（什主语+实义动词）！ 2.例句： ·How happy she is!(修饰形容词happy,主语是she,系动词是is) 。How fast he runs!(修饰副词fast,主语是he,实义动词是runs) ●How beautiful the girl looks!(修饰形容词beautiful,主语是the girl,系动词是looks) 知识点三：感叹句 1.what引导（名词短语） 1.基础结构拓展（中考必背）： 。What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数(+主语+谓语)→例句：What a beautiful flower(itis)! 。What+形容词+可数名词复数(+主语+谓语)→例句：What clever students(仙hey are)! 。What+形容词+不可数名词(+主语+谓语)→例句：What delicious food(itis! 2.中考易错点： ●可数名词单数前需加a/an,复数和不可数名词前不加→错误：What beautiful flower!正确：What a beautiful flower！ 2 初中语法沪教上海版 【基础句法】 感叹句专项突破 。名词短语中心词必须是名词→错误：What happy(they are)!正确：What happy children(they are)! 2.how引导（形容词/副词) 1.基础结构拓展（中考必背）： 。How+形容词(+主语+谓语)→例句：How tall the tree is! ●How+副词(+主语+谓语)→例句：How fast he runs! 。How+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数(+主语+谓语)→例句：How interesting a story(itis划 2.中考常考点： 。形容词/副词直接修饰谓语动词时用how→例句：How time flies!(时光飞逝！) ·区分what和how的关键：中心词为名词用what,为形容词/副词用how→对比：What a big house! (名词house为中心词)：How big the house is!（形容词big为中心词) 考法精析 考法一：what/how感叹句引导词选择 核心：根据被修饰成分（名词短语/形容词/副词），选择正确的感叹句引导词what或how 真题1（语法填空）： -interesting books they are!I want to read them all. 答案：What 解析：被修饰成分为名词短语“interesting books'”(形容词+可数名词复数)，需用what引导，结 构为“What+形容词+可数名词复数+主语+谓语！” 真题2（单项选择）： -fast the runner runs!He must win the race. A.What B.How C.What a D.How a 答案：B 解析：被修饰成分为副词“fast”,需用how引导，结构为“How+副词+主语+谓语！” 考法二：what/how引导的感叹句结构辨析与转换 核心：通过对比what与how引导的感叹句结构差异，判断句子正误或进行句式转换，重点考查名 词短语与形容词/副词修饰对象的区分。 真题1（单选题）： interesting story it is! A.How B.What C.What a D.What an 3 初中语法沪教上海版 【基础句法】 感叹句专项突破 答案：D 解析：修饰可数名词单数“stoy”需用what引导，且“interesting”以元音音素开头，故用“what an”,完整结构为“What an interesting story it is!”。 真题2（句型转换）： 将句子“How tall the building is!!”转换为what引导的感叹句。 答案：What a tall building it is! 解析：原句how修饰形容词“tal”,转换为what引导时需调整结构为“What+a/an+形容词+名 词+主语+谓语”，即“What a tall building it is!”。 考法三：what与how引导的感叹句综合辨析与转换 核心：通过判断被修饰成分（名词短语/形容词/副词）选择正确引导词，掌握两种感叹句的结构差 异及转换规则 真题1（单项选择)： -exciting news it is!We will have a long holiday. A What B What an C How D How an 答案：A 解析：被修饰成分是不可数名词短语”exciting news'',需用what引导，且不可数名词前不加a/an, 故正确结构为”What+形容词+不可数名词”。 真题2（句型转换)： The story is very interesting.(改为感叹句) the story is! 答案：How interesting 解析：原句核心形容词为”interesting'”,修饰形容词需用how引导，结构为”How+形容词+主语+ 谓语”，此处主语the story和谓语is可省略。 解题小妙招 感叹句引导词选择妙招 名词短语用what,形副开头用how: wat后接名短语，形+名复/不可数： how后接形或副，直接修饰无名词； 可数名词单数时，what a/an莫忘记： 元音开头用an,辅音开头用a: 不可数名词零冠词，what直接跟形名： 转换句型看核心，how形转what名： 4 初中语法沪教上海版 【基础句法】 感叹句专项突破 完整句中主谓在，省略句里主谓藏： 牢记结构差异点，感叹句型不迷茫。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.beautiful garden it is! A.How B.What C.What a D.How a 2.fast the workers are building the house! A.What B.How C.What a D.How a 3.-interesting news we heard today! A.What an B.How C.What D.How an 4.tall the girl in red is! A.What B.How C.What a D.How a 5.-clever students they are! A.What B.How C.What a D.How an 6.wonderful time we had at the party! A.What a B.How C.What D.How a 7.carefully she writes her homework! A.What B.How C.What a D.How an 8.big apple on the table! A.How B.What C.What a D.How a 9.lovely dog it is!I want to play with it. A.What B.How C.What an D.What a 10.-expensive the new car is! A.What B.How C.What a D.How an 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.-a clever boy he is! 2.tall the mountain looks! 3._delicious food my mom cooked! 4.fast the horse runs! 5.interesting books these are! 6.hot the weather is today! 初中语法沪教上海版 【基础句法】 感叹句专项突破 7.a beautiful song she is singing! 8.-happy they feel after winning the game! 9.fine day it is for a walk! 10.quickly the time passes! 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） My friend Lucy loves traveling.Last summer,she visited a small village in the mountains.When she first saw the village,she said,"(1)beautiful place it is!"The houses there are made of wood,and the streets are clean.The villagers are very kind.One old man told her stories about the village history.Lucy thought, “_(2)interesting stories he has!'” In the morning,Lucy walked along the river.The water was so clear that she shouted,"(3)clean the water is!"She also met some children playing games."(4)happy they look!"she said.In the evening, she watched the sunset..“_(⑤)wonderful view!”she thought.. When she left,the villagers gave her some fresh fruit."(6)sweet the apples are!"Lucy said.She told me,"(7)amazing trip Ihad!I will never forget it."Now,she often says to me,"(8)lucky I am to have such a great experience!"I alwaysreply,"(9)true!You should visit more places.-(10)wonderful the world is!” 参考答案 演练-：1.C2.B3.C4.B5.A6.A7B8.C9.D10B 演练二：1.What2.How3.What4.How5.What6.How7.What8.How9.What10.How 演练三：1.What2.What3.How4.How5.What6.How7.What8.How9.How10.How 6