动词时态 一般现在时be 动词 实义动词用法第三人称单数变化表经常性 习惯性动作-2025-2026学年英语中考复习语法知识点全解（沪教上海版）

初中语法沪教上海版 【动词时态专版】 A版知识点全解 语法专版 一般现在时：be动词/实义动词用法 第三人称单数变化、表经常性/习惯性动作 考频分析 沪教上海版初中中，一般现在时是动词时态的基础语法点，考频占动词时态总量的30%左右，涉 及试卷多个核心题型：单项选择(2-3题)、完形填空(2-3题)、语法填空(1-2题)、书面表达（基 础考察，影响句子时态准确性)。在语境理解类题目中，b动词与实义动词的正确使用、第三人称 单数变化及表经常性/习惯性动作的语境判断往往是解题关键。 考查内容 ·动词形式变化：be动词(am/is/are)的人称匹配、实义动词原形与第三人称单数（加-s-es)的变化 规则 ·核心用法辨析：表经常性/习惯性动作（常与always/often等频度副词连用）、表客观事实或真理的 语境识别 ·句式转换应用：肯定句、否定句(be动词+not/助动词don't/doesn't+动词原形)、疑问句(be动词/助 动词置于句首)的结构转换 知识点一：一般现在时的核心用法及动词变化规则 1.be动词的用法及句式转换 。人称对应：Iam/You are/He/She/Itis/We/You/They are 。否定句：直接在be动词后加not(例：She is not a student..) 。疑问句：将be动词提至句首（例：Are they from China?) 2.实义动词的基本用法 ●表经常性/习惯性动作：常与always,usually,often,sometimes,,every day等时间状语连用 。肯定句结构： l.主语（非三单）+动词原形（例：I play basketball every weekend.) 2.主语（三单）+动词三单形式（例：She reads books in the evening.) 初中语法沪教上海版 【动词时态专版】 A版知识点全解 3.第三人称单数动词变化规则 。一般情况：加-s(例：work→vorks,eat→eats) ●以s,X,sh,ch或o结尾：加-es(例：wash→vashes,g0→goes) ·以辅音字母+y结尾：变y为i加-es（例：study→studies,fly→flies) 。不规则变化：have→has 4.否定句与疑问句（实义动词） ·否定句：主语（非三单）+don't+动词原形；主语（三单）+doesn't+动词原形（例：He doesn't like coffee. 。疑问句：Do+主语（非三单）+动词原形？Does+主语（三单）+动词原形？（例：Do they go to school by bus?) 知识点二：一般现在时的核心用法与易错点 1.常态与客观真理的表达 ·自然现象与科学事实 例句：Water boils at100℃.（水在100摄氏度沸腾） The moon goes around the ear'th.(月亮绕着地球转) ·固定状态描述 例句：My brother is a doctor.(职业状态) This street faces south.(方位特征) 2.第三人称单数变化规则 ·一般动词直接加-s:work-works,.play-plays 。以s/x/sh/ch/o结尾加-es:wash-→vashes,.go→goes,watch→watches 。辅音+y结尾变y为i加-es:study→studies,fly→flies 。特殊变化：have→has 3.否定句与疑问句结构 ·否定句 be动词：主语+am/is/are+not+表语 例句：She is not a teacher. 实义动词：主语+don't/doesn't+动词原形 例句：They don't live here.He doesn't like coffee. ·疑问句 be动词：AmIs/Are+主语+表语？ 例句：Is this your book? 实义动词：Do/Does+主语+动词原形？ 例句：Do you often exercise?Does he walk to school? 初中语法沪教上海版 【动词时态专版】 A版知识点全解 4.时间标志词特殊用法 ·无时间词表常态 例句：Birds fly..(客观能力) 。频率副词位置 放在be动词后，实义动词前 例句：He is always late.She often reads novels. 5.主谓一致易错点 。集合名词做主语 强调整体用单数：The family is big. 强调个体用复数：The family are having dinner. ·不定代词做主语 someone/everyone/everything等用单数 例句：Everyone likes music..Something is wrong here. ·就近原则 There be句里：There is a book and two pens.. 知识点三：一般现在时特殊句型与时间状语 1.特殊疑问句结构 疑问词+be动词/助动词do/does+主语+其他（中考必掌握）： 。What+be+主语？→例句：What is your favorite subject? ●Where+do/does+主语+动词原形？→例句：Where does she live? 。How often+do/does+主语+动词原形？→例句：How often do you exercise? ·Why+do/does+主语+动词原形？→例句：Why does he late for school? 2.频率副词的位置与用法（中考常考） 。频率副词位于be动词后：She is always happy ·频率副词位于实义动词前：He usually gets up at6:30 。常见频率副词（按频率从高到低）：always(总是)→usually(通常)→often(经常)→sometimes (有时)→seldom(很少)→never(从不) →例句：They often play football on weekends. 3.客观真理与科学事实（中考易错） 。表述客观真理用一般现在时：The earth goes around the sun. 。科学常识或规律：Light travels faster than sound, ●名言警句：Practice makes perfect.. 3 初中语法沪教上海版 【动词时态专版】 A版知识点全解 考法精析 考法一：be动词用法辨析 核心：根据主语人称和数，选择正确的be动词形式(a/is/are)并完成否定句、疑问句转换 真题1（语法填空)： My parents-(be)teachers.They work in a middle school. 答案：are 解析：主语My parents为复数，be动词用are,表示状态。 真题2（单项选择）： -your brother at home now? A Am BIs C Are DBe 答案：B 解析：主语your brother为第三人称单数，be动词用is,疑问句将is提前至句首。 考法二：实义动词第三人称单数变化 核心：掌握规则变化（加-s/-es/变y为i加-es)和不规则变化(have一→has),正确写出动词三单形式 真题1（语法填空）： She usually_(wash)her clothes on weekends. 答案：washes 解析：主语sh为第三人称单数，wash以sh结尾，三单形式加-es。 真题2（单项选择)： My father_two brothers and one sister. A have B has C is having Dhad 答案：B 解析：表示客观事实用一般现在时，主语my father为三单，have的三单形式为has。 考法三：时间状语搭配 核心：根据时间状语判断动作是否为经常性/习惯性，选择正确时态及动词形式 真题1（语法填空）： They_(play)basketball every Friday afternoon. 答案：play 解析：时间状语every Friday afternoon表示习惯性动作，主语they为非三单，动词用原形。 真题2（单项选择)： -How often does your mother go shopping? She goes shopping- A yesterday B next week C twice a month D in 2023 答案：C 解析：how often提问频率，twice a month(每月两次)是一般现在时的典型频率状语；ABD分别 4 初中语法沪教上海版 【动词时态专版】 A版知识点全解 对应过去时将来时/过去时。 考法四：句型转换 核心：掌握实义动词的否定句(don't/doesn't+动词原形)和疑问句(Do/Does+主语+动词原形)转 换规则 真题1（句型转换)： Tom usually walks to school..(改为否定句) 答案：Tom doesn't usually walk to school. 解析：主语Tom为三单，否定句用doesn't,动词walk还原为原形。 真题2（单项选择）： -your parents watch TV in the evening? ADo B Does CAre DIs 答案：A 解析：实义动词watch的疑问句需用助动词，主语your parents为非三单，助动词用Do。 考法五：特殊用法辨析 核心：识别客观真理、时间/条件状语从句中一般现在时的特殊应用 真题1（语法填空）： Light_(travel)faster than sound. 答案：travels 解析：客观真理用一般现在时，主语light为三单，动词加-s。 真题2（单项选择）： If it tomorrow,we will not go to the park. Arain Brains Cwill rain Drained 答案：B 解析：if引导条件状语从句表将来，从句用一般现在时，主语it为三单，动词rain加-s。 解题小妙招 be动词用法看主语，I用am你用are,is跟着他她它，复数主语都用are: 变否定be后加not,变疑问be提前，句末问号莫忘记。 实义动词三单变化有规则，一般情况直接加-$： s,X,ch,sh结尾加-es,辅音加y变i再加-es: have特殊变has,其余动词原形跟非三单。 时间状语辨时态，usually,.often,.every day是标志； 客观真理永不变，条件时间从句也适用： 频率提问how often,twice a month最常见。 5 初中语法沪教上海版 【动词时态专版】 A版知识点全解 句型转换有技巧，实义动词否定加don't/doesn't,动词原形要还原： 疑问句首Do/Does加，主语之后原形跟，句末问号别落下。 综合运用看语境，b动实义要分清，时态一致是关键。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题) 1.My sistera student.She studies in No.1 Middle School. Aam Bis Care Dbe 2.-your parents usually go to work by car? ADo B Does CAre DIs 3.HeTV every evening,but now he-books. A watch;read B watches;reads C watches;is reading D watched;reading 4.Light_faster than sound. A travel B travels Ctraveled D will travel 5.If ittomorrow,wehave a picnic. A rain;won't B rains;don't Crains;won't D will rain;won't 6.My brother often basketball with his friends on weekends. A play B plays Cplayed Dis playing 7.-How often does Mary go swimming? -She goes swimming-. A yesterday B next Sunday C twice a month D in 2024 8.-your English teacher from America? A Am BIs CAre DBe 9.She_like coffee.She prefers tea. A don't B doesn't C isn't Daren't 10.When the bell,the students usually go into the classroom. Aring B rings Crang Dwill ring 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.My mother_(wash)clothes every Saturday. 2.They_(not be)in the classroom now.They are in the library. 3.Tom_(study)hard every day because he wants to be a doctor. 4.-(do)your father usually read newspapers after dinner? 6 初中语法沪教上海版 【动词时态专版】 A版知识点全解 5.The Earth_(go)around the sun. 6.She(have)two brothers and one sister. 7.We(play)football on the playground every Friday afternoon. 8.My grandparents_(not watch)TV in the evening.They like listening to the radio. 9.If he(come)tomorrow,I(call)you. 10.The students(be)happy because today is Children's Day. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空) Li Ming is a student in Grade 7.He(live)with his parents in Shanghai.Every morning,he-(get)up at 6:30 a.m.and_(have)breakfast at 7:00 a.m.His school_(start)at 8:00 a.m.,so he usually_(go)to school by bike. Li Ming(like)English very much.He often(read)English books in the evening.His English teacher (be)Miss Wang.She(teach)very well,and all the students-(love)her.On weekends,Li Ming sometimes-(play)basketball with his friends.He_(think)playing basketball is good for his health. 答案区 演练-：1B2.A3.C4.B5.C6B7.C8B9.B10.B 1.washes 2.are not/aren't 3.studies 4.Does 5.goes 6.has 7.play 8.don't watch 9.comes;will call 10.are 1.lives 2.gets 3.has 4.starts 5.goes 6.likes 7reads 8.is 9.teaches 10.love 11.plays 12.thinks 7