动词时态 一般过去时规则 不规则动词过去式表过去发生的动作-2025-2026学年英语中考复习语法知识点全解（沪教上海版）

初中沪教上海版 【动词时态】 A版知识点全解 语法专版 【专题】一般过去时 规则/不规则动词过去式 考频分析 沪教上海版初中语法中，一般过去时是动词时态的重要内容，考频占动词时态考察总量的30%左 右，涉及试卷核心题型：单项选择(2-3题)、完形填空(2-3题)、语法填空(2题)、书面表达（核 心考察，直接影响叙事类文本的时间逻辑与准确性)。在语境理解类题目中，规则/不规则动词过去 式的正确运用及时态标志词的识别往往是解题关键。 考查内容 ·动词形式变化：规则动词（加-d)与不规则动词（特殊变化）的过去式正确书写 。基本用法判断：表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态的语境识别 ·时间标志词辨析：yesterday、last week、ago、in2020等过去时间状语的搭配使用 知识点一：一般过去时的构成及用法 1.规则动词过去式（在词尾加-ed) 1.发音规则： ●清辅音后读/(worked) 。浊辅音和元音后读/dl(played) ●//dW后读/id/(wanted) 2.例句： She walked to school yesterday.(walk-walked) .They played football last weekend.(play-played) 2.不规则动词过去式（需特殊记忆） 1.常见类型 1 初中沪教上海版 【动词时态】 A版知识点全解 。原形与过去式不同(go→went) ●过去式与原形相同(cut→cut) ·含字母变化(eat→ate) 2.例句： ●He went to Beijing last month.(go→went) ·I ate two apples this morning.(eat→ate) 3.基本用法（表示过去某时间发生的动作) 1.时间标志词：yesterday(昨天)、last week（上周)、three days ago(三天前)、in2020(在2020年) 2.例句： 。My father bought a new car last year.(buy→bought,时间标志词last year) ·We visited the Great Wall three days ago.(visit→visited,时间标志词three days ago) 知识点二：一般过去时重点突破 1.规则动词过去式变化规律 l.直接加-ed:work→worked(工作)、play→played(玩)、listen-一listened(听) 2.以e结尾加-d:live→lived(居住)、like→liked(喜欢)、love→loved(爱) 3.辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i加-ed:study-一studied(学习)、caTy一→carried(携带)、woIy-→worried (担心) 4.重读闭音节且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写尾字母加-ed:stop→stopped(停止)、plan一planned(计 划)、drop一→dropped(掉落) 2.不规则动词过去式常见类型 1.AAA型（原形、过去式、过去分词一致）：cut→cut(切)、put一→put(放)、read-read(读，发音 为red) 2.ABB型（过去式与过去分词一致）：buy一bought(买)、bring-一→brought(带来)、think→thought(想)： teach一→taught(教)、catch一→caught(抓住)：feel一→felt(感觉)、keep-kept(保持)、sleep→slept(睡 觉) 3.ABA型（原形与过去分词一致）：cone→came→come（来)、become-became→become(变成)、 un→ran→un(跑) 4.ABC型（三者均不同)：eat→ate→eaten(吃)、see一→saw一→seen(看见)、go→went一→gone(去)； take→took→taken（拿)、break→broke--→broken(打破)、speak→spoke-→spoken(说) 2 初中沪教上海版 【动词时态】 A版知识点全解 3.一般过去时句式转换 l.肯定句：主语+动词过去式+其他.He went to the park yesterday.(他昨天去公园了。) 2.否定句：主语+didn't+动词原形+其他.She didn't watch TV last night.(她昨晚没看电视。) 3.一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形+其他？→Yes,主语+did.No,主语+didn't.Did they play football last Sunday?(他们上周日踢足球了吗？)→Yes,they did.(是的，他们踢了。)No,they didn't.(不， 他们没踢。) 4.特殊疑问句：疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其他？Where did you go last summer holiday?(你去年 暑假去哪里了？) 4.易混点辨析：一般过去时ⅴs现在完成时 l.时间标志不同：一般过去时强调过去特定时间，如yesterday,last week;现在完成时强调与现在的联 系，如already,for+时间段。 2.例句对比：He lived in Beijing in2010.(2010年他住在北京。→仅说明过去事实，现在是否住不确 定)He has lived in Beijing for 10 years..(他在北京住了l0年了。→从过去持续到现在) 知识点三：一般过去时的特殊用法 1.时间状语标志（中考高频） l.yesterday(昨天)→例句：I went to the park yesterday. 2.last week/month/year(上周/月/年)→例句：She visited her uncle last month. 3.two days ago(两天前)→例句：They finished the work two days ago. 4.in2020(在2020年)→例句：He moved to Beijing in2020. 5.just now(刚才)→例句：The teacher called your name just now. 2.不规则动词过去式（中考必背） 1.go→went→例句：We went shopping yesterday afternoon. 2.see→saw→例句：I saw a film with my friends last night. 3.do→did→例句：She did her homework carefully yesterday. 4.eat→ate→例句：They ate dinner at7p.m.yesterday. 5.take→took→例句：He took some photos during the trip 6.make→made→例句：My mother made a cake for my birthday.. 7.come→cane→例句：She came to school early this momning 3 初中沪教上海版 【动词时态】 A版知识点全解 8.say→said→例句：He said"hello'”to me just now. 9.get→got→例句：I got up late yesterday. l0.un→ran→例句：The dog ran after the cat. 3.否定句与疑问句（语法核心） 1.否定句结构：主语+didn't+动词原形→例句：I didn't watch TV last night 2.一般疑问句结构：Did+主语+动词原形→例句：Did you finish your homework? 3.特殊疑问句结构：疑问词+did+主语+动词原形→例句：Where did you go last weekend? 解题小妙招 过去时态看标志，last ago yesterday: 规则变化有规律，原形结尾细分析： 清辅音后加-ed读t,浊辅元音后读/d山，td结尾读/id山： 辅音加y变i加-ed,重读闭音节尾辅双写； 否定疑问靠dd,动词原形要牢记： 主动结构主谓宾，被动waswere加done: 综合运用看语境，时态动词要统一。 考法精析 考法一：规则动词过去式变化 核心：根据动词原形的词尾特征，按照规则变化规则写出过去式 真题1（词汇运用）： She(study)English for two hours last night. 答案：studied 解析：动词'study”以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i再加-ed,故过去式为studied。 真题2（单项选择）： They_(plan)a trip to Beijing last month. A.plan B.plans C.planned D.will plan 答案：C 解析：动词”plan”以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母，需双写该辅音字母再加-ed,故过去 式为planned:由时间标志词'last month”可知用一般过去时。 考法二：动词过去式变化及句式转换 初中沪教上海版 【动词时态】 A版知识点全解 核心：结合规则动词变化规则和不规则动词过去式，完成肯定句、否定句及疑问句的转换 真题1（语法填空)： She(study)English every day last year.Now she can speak well. 答案：studied 解析：由时间标志词“last year”可知用一般过去时：“study”以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i 加-ed,故填studied。. 真题2（单选题)： -Did your brother_(go)to the library yesterday? -No,he_.He stayed at home. A.went;didn't B.go;did C.go;didn't D.went;did 答案：C 解析：一般疑问句中助动词Did后用动词原形go;否定回答用No,主语+did't,故选C。 考法三：一般过去时综合应用 核心：结合时间标志词判断时态，正确使用规则/不规则动词过去式，并完成句式转换 真题1（单项选择）： My father to the park with me yesterday.He usually there on weekends A.go goes B.went goes C.went went D.go went 答案：B 解析：由时间标志词“yesterday”可知第一空用一般过去时，go的过去式为went;第二空“usually” 表经常性动作，用一般现在时，主语he为第三人称单数，动词用goes。 真题2（语法填空)： -you_(visit)the museum last Sunday? -No,I.I(stay)at home and_(watch)TV. 答案：Did visit didn't stayed watched 解析：由“last Sunday”可知用一般过去时，一般疑问句以Did开头，动词用原形visit;否定回答 用didn't;后两空为陈述句谓语，stay的过去式为stayed,watch的过去式为watched。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.My mother to the supermarket yesterday momning. A.go B.goes C.went D.will go 2.They_basketball with their friends last Saturday. 初中沪教上海版 【动词时态】 A版知识点全解 A.play B.played C.plays D.are playing 3.He his homework an hour ago. A.finish B.finishes C.finished D.will finish 4.-youto the park last Sunday? -Yes,I did. A.Do;go B.Did;go C.Did;went D.Do;went 5.Shea storybook for two hours last night. A.read B.reads C.reading D.will read 6.The students English songs in the classroom yesterday afternoon. A.sing B.sang C.sings D.will sing 7.My father a new car in 2022. A.buy B.buys C.bought D.will buy 8.They to the Great Wall three days ago. A.go B.went C.goes D.will go 9.-Did your sister_a letter to her friend yesterday? -No,she. A.write;didn't B.wrote;didn't C.write;did D.wrote;did 10.Heup late this morning because he to bed late last night. A.get;go B.gets;goes C.got;went D.will get;will go 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.We-(visit)our grandparents last weekend. 2.She_(study)hard for the exam yesterday evening. 3.They(play)football on the playground just now. 4.I(eat)an apple for breakfast this morning 5.He(watch)TV with his family last night 6.My brother_(go)to the library an hour ago. 7.Alice(carry)a heavy bag to school yesterday. 8.The children_(see)a movie last Saturday afternoon 9.They(do)their homework carefully last night. 10.My parents_(come)to see me last month. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） 6 初中沪教上海版 【动词时态】 A版知识点全解 Last Sunday,Tom-(1.have)a busy but happy day.In the morning,he(2.get)up at 7:00 and(3.eat) breakfast quickly.Then he-(4.go)to the park with his friends.They-(5.play)basketball for an hour. At noon,Tom(6.come)back home and_(7.help)his mother cook lunch.In the afternoon,he(8. study)English for two hours.In the evening,he(9.watch)a cartoon on TV and then(10.go)to bed at9:30. 参考答案 演练-：1.C2.B3.C4.B5.A6B7.C8B9.A10.C 演练二：1.visited2.studied3,played4.ate5.watched6.went7.carried8.saw9.did10.cane 演练三：1.had2.got3.ate4.went5.played6.came7.helped8.studied9.watched10.went 7