动词时态 现在进行时be doing 结构表正在进行的动作标志词now at the moment-2025-2026学年英语中考复习语法知识点全解（沪教上海版）

初中语法沪教上海版 【动词时态专版】 A版知识点全解 动词时态 【专题】现在进行时精讲 语法专项突破 考频分析 沪教上海版初中语法中，现在进行时是动词时态模块的基础语法点，考频占动词时态考察总量的 15%左右，主要分布在核心题型：单项选择(1-2题)、完形填空(1-2题)、语法填空(1题)。其 标志性结构“be+doing”及标志词“now/at the moment”是单选和语法填空的直接考点，在完形填 空的语境理解中，通过上下文判断动作是否正在进行是解题关键。 考查内容 ·动词分类应用：系动词、实义动词、情态动词、助动词的辨析与功能 ·时态与语态：现在进行时(be+doing结构)的基本结构与语境匹配（含标志词now/at the moment), 主动语态与被动语态的转换 。非谓语动词：todo、doing、do的固定搭配与句法功能（作宾语、宾语补足语、定语等） 知识点一：现在进行时的结构及用法 l.基本结构(be+doing） 1.构成规则：主语+am/is/are+动词-ing形式（现在分词） 2.人称匹配：I→am,he/she/it→is,you/we/they→aure 3.例句： ·I am reading a book now.(第一人称+am+doing) ◆They are playing basketball at the moment..(第三人称复数+are+doing) 2.核心用法（表正在进行的动作) 1.时间场景：说话瞬间正在发生或进行的动作 2.例句解析： 1 初中语法沪教上海版 【动词时态专版】 A版知识点全解 ·She is singing in the classroom.(当前正在进行的唱歌动作) ●My father is working on the computer.(此刻正在进行的工作状态) 3.标志词识别(now/at the moment) 1.常见标志词：now(现在)、at the moment(此刻) 2.例句应用： ·We are having lunch now.(now明确当前时间) ·Hle is watching TV at the moment.(at the moment强调此刻状态) 知识点二：动词时态专项对比与易错点 1.时态标志词对比与误用辨析 1.易混淆标志词对比 。now/at the moment(现在进行时)vs just now(一般过去时) 例句：He is playing football now.(现在进行时)vs He played football just now.(一般过去时) 。for+时间段（现在完成时）vsin+时间段（一般将来时） 例句：She has lived here for3 years..(现在完成时)vs She will come back in3 hours.(一般将来时) 。this time last week(过去进行时)vs this week（一般现在时/一般将来时) 例句：They were having a meeting this time last week.(过去进行时)vs They have a meeting this week.(一般现在时) 2.标志词缺失情况处理 ·客观真理用一般现在时（无标志词）：The sun rises in the east. 。语境暗示过去进行时：When I called him,he was taking a shower.(when从句用一般过去时暗示 主句为过去进行时) 2.主动语态与被动语态转换规则 1.主动变被动的步骤 ·宾语变主语（主动句宾语是被动句主语） 。谓语动词变为“be+过去分词”（时态不变） ·主动语态主语前加by(可省略) 例句：主动：They built this bridge in1998.→被动：This bridge was built (by them)in1998.(一 般过去时被动) 2.特殊句式被动转换 2 初中语法沪教上海版 【动词时态专版】 A版知识点全解 ·含双宾语的主动句：He gave me a book.一被动：I was given a book (by him)./A book was given to me(by him). 。含宾语补足语的主动句：We call her Lily..→被动：She is called Lily(byus). 3.时态特殊用法与易错点 1.一般现在时表将来（按计划/时刻表发生） 例句：The train leaves at8:O0a.m.tomorrow. 2.现在进行时表将来（计划/安排近期发生） 例句：My parents are visiting Beijing next month. 3.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 。现在完成时强调对现在影响：I have lost my key.(现在没钥匙) ·一般过去时仅陈述过去事实：I lost my key yesterday..(不强调现在是否找到) 4.过去完成时与一般过去时的先后关系 例句：When I got to the station,the train had left.(“离开”在“到达”之前，用过去完成时) 4.常见时态错误示例与修正 l.误用：He is watching TV yesterday evening.(时间标志词是yesterday evening,应用过去进行时) 修正：He was watching TV yesterday evening. 2.误用：I have bought a new bike last week.(last week是一般过去时标志词，非现在完成时) 修正：I bought a new bike last week. 3.误用：The letter is written by her just now.(just now提示一般过去时被动) 修正：The letter was written by her just now, 知识点三：现在进行时特殊用法 1.表暂时情况（非长期行为） 1.常考场景（中考易错)： ·表示现阶段临时的动作或状态→例句：he is living in Beijing this year..(今年暂住北京，非长期 居住) ●与always/constantly等词连用表感情色彩→例句：He is always losing his keys..(含责备语气) 2.表发展变化（逐渐过程） 1.基础用法拓展： 。描述自然现象变化一例句：The leaves are turning yellow.(叶子正在变黄) 3 初中语法沪教上海版 【动词时态专版】 A版知识点全解 。描述社会趋势一例句：More and more people are using smartphones.(越来越多人在用智能手机) 3.无标志词的语境推断 1.中考核心考点： 。根据上下文动作逻辑→例句：一What's that noise??一The workers are repairing the road.（通过噪 音推断正在发生的动作) 。图片/场景提示→例句：Look!The children are flying kites in the park.(look暗示动作正在进行) 考法精析 考法一：现在进行时主动语态结构及标志词识别 核心：根据主语人称和时间标志词，选择正确的be动词形式并填写动词现在分词 真题1（语法填空）： Listen!The birds_(sing)in the tree. 答案：are singing 解析：由标志词“Listen!”可知动作正在进行，用现在进行时：主语“the birds”为复数，be动词 用are,sing的现在分词为singing。 真题2（单项选择)： My mother_dinner in the kitchen now A am cooking B is cooking C are cooking D cooks 答案：B 解析：由时间标志词“now”可知用现在进行时，主语“my mother'”为第三人称单数，be动词用is cook的现在分词为cooking。 考法二：现在进行时结构与标志词匹配 核心：结合b动词人称匹配规则和时间标志词，判断现在进行时的正确形式 真题1（语法填空)： Listen!The birds(sing)in the tree. 答案：are singing 解析：由标志词“Listen!”提示动作正在进行，用现在进行时：主语“the birds”为复数，be动词 用are,sing的现在分词为singing。 真题2（单项选择)： My mother_dinner in the kitchen now. A am cooking B is cooking C are cooking D cooks 答案：B 解析：由时间标志词“now”可知用现在进行时，主语“ny mother'”为第三人称单数，be动词用is, 4 初中语法沪教上海版 【动词时态专版】 A版知识点全解 cook的现在分词为cooking。 考法三：现在进行时与被动语态结合及标志词辨析 核心：综合运用现在进行时结构(be+doing)、被动语态转换规则(be+过去分词)，结合时间标志 词(now/at the moment/these days等)判断时态和语态 真题1（单项选择）： A new library-in our school now.It will be finished next month. A builds B is building C is being built D built 答案：C 解析：主语“a new library”是动作“build”的承受者，需用被动语态；由时间标志词“now”可知， 用现在进行时被动语态，结构为“am/is/are+being+过去分词”，主语为单数，be动词用is,build 的过去分词为built。 真题2（语法填空）： Look!The letters_(deliver)to students by the postman these days. 答案：are being delivered 解析：主语“the letters'”是动作“deliver”的承受者，用被动语态；由标志词“Look!”和“these days” 可知，用现在进行时被动语态，主语为复数，be动词用are,deliver的过去分词为delivered。 解题小妙招 时态语态妙招 时态判断看标志，没有标志品语境： 现在进行标志词，”Listen'"L0ok”和'now: 主动结构be doing"”,be有人称单复数： 主语复数用”are”,三单就用”is”,I后搭配am”: 被动结构be done'”,进行被动being done'”; 结合语境辨时态，主动被动灵活变。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.My brotherbasketball with his friends now A play B plays C is playing D played 2.Listen!Someone_in the next room A sing B sings C is singing D sang 5 初中语法沪教上海版 【动词时态专版】 A版知识点全解 3.Look!The studentstrees in the park. A plant B are planting C planted D will plant 4.This term,weEnglish grammar every Monday. A study B are studying C studied D will study 5.The workers_a new road these days. A build B are building C built D were building 6.A new movie_at the cinema now. A show B shows C is showing D is being shown 7.My parents_to Shanghai tomorrow morning. A leave B are leaving C left D will leave 8.He_always_his homework carefully. A is;doing B does;do C did;do D will;do 9.When I called her last night,she_dinner. A cook B cooks C is cooking D was cooking 10.These days,more trees_around our school. A plant B are planting C are being planted D planted 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.Look!The children(play)football on the playground. 2.Listen!Who_(sing)in the music room? 3.My father_(work)in the garden now. 4.We _(learn)English grammar this term. 5.These days,they_(build)a new library in our town. 6.The phone(ring)now.Can you answer it? 7.She(not watch)TV at the moment.She(read)a book. 8.I(visit)my grandparents these days. 9.The workers(paint)the walls of our classroom this week. 10.What_you_(do)right now? 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空) A Busy Afternoon It is 3 p.m.on Sunday.Many people(do)different things.In the park,some children_(fly)kites,and an old man-(play)chess with his friend.Near the lake,a girl(take)photos of the flowers. 6 初中语法沪教上海版 【动词时态专版】 A版知识点全解 In a restaurant,waiters(serve)customers.A family-(have)lunch,and they(talk)happily.Outside the restaurant,a musician-(play)the guitar,and some people-(listen)to him. At the supermarket,many shoppers-(buy)food.A mother_(push)a cart,and her little son_(ask)for candies.Everyone_(be)busy but happy on this sunny afternoon. 答案区 演练-：1.C2.C3B4B5.B6.D7.B8.A9.D10.C 1.are playing 2.is singing 3.is working 4.are learning 5.are building 6.is ringing 7.isn't watching; is reading 8.am visiting 9.are painting 10.are;doing 1.are doing 2.are flying 3.is playing 4.is taking 5.are serving 6.are having 7.are talking 8.is playing 9.are listening 10.are buying 7