动词时态 过去完成时had done 结构表过去的过去by the time before 引导的时间状语-2025-2026学年英语中考复习语法知识点全解（沪教上海版）

初中沪教上海版初中语法 【语法专版】 动词时态全解 语法专版 【专题】过去完成时 动词时态专项突破 考频分析 沪教上海版初中语法中，过去完成时是动词时态模块的重要内容，考频占动词时态考点的15%左 右，主要分布在核心题型中：单项选择(1-2题)、完形填空(2-3题)、语法填空(1-2题)、书面表 达（辅助考察，用于体现动作的先后顺序）。在语境理解类题目中，过去完成时“had+done”结构 的运用以及与“by the time/before”引导的时间状语的搭配是解题关键。 考查内容 ·动词分类应用：系动词、实义动词、情态动词、助动词的辨析与功能 ·时态与语态：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去完成时的基本结构与语境匹配（如by the time/before引导时间状语时的使用)，主动语态与被动语态的转换 。非谓语动词：todo、doig、do的固定搭配与句法功能（作宾语、宾语补足语、定语等） 知识点一：过去完成时的结构与用法 1.基本结构 1.肯定式：主语+had+动词过去分词(done) 2.否定式：主语+had not (hadn't)+动词过去分词(done) 3.疑问式：Had+主语+动词过去分词(done)? 4.例句： She had finished her homework before dinner. They hadn't seen the movie before last night. Had he arrived at school by 8 o'clock? 2.核心含义 1.表示在过去某个动作或时间点之前已经完成的动作，即过去的过去” 初中沪教上海版初中语法 【语法专版】 动词时态全解 2.例句：When I got to the station,the train had already left.(”到达车站'是过去动作，”火车离开”发生 在其之前) 3.常用时间状语 l.by the time+过去时句子：By the time she woke up,her mother had gone to work 2.before+过去时句子：Ie had learned 1000 words before he entered middle school. 3.其他标志词：already(已经)、ever(曾经)、never(从未)、just(刚刚) 4.例句： We had already eaten when he came. She had never visited Beijing before last year. 知识点二：动词时态专项突破 1.过去完成时（强调过去某动作前已完成的动作，即“过去的过去”) 1.时间标志词 by the time+一般过去时句子（如By the time she got up)、before+一般过去时句子（如before the rain stopped)、by+过去时间点（如by the end of last month) 2.主动语态 结构：主语+had+动词过去分词（无论主语单复数，均用had) 例句： ·By the time the bell rang,we had finished our test..(rang是一般过去时，“完成测试”在“铃响”之 前) ·She had learned 1000 words before she went to middle school.(went是一般过去时，“学单词”在 “上中学”之前) 3.被动语态 结构：主语+had been+动词过去分词(had been体现时态，过去分词体现被动) 例句： ●The test had been finished by us by the time the bell rang.(had been+finished的过去分词finished) ●l000 words had been learned by her before she went to middle school..(had been+learned的过去分词 learned) 2.现在完成时与过去完成时的对比 1.时间对比 现在完成时：以“现在”为基准，动作从过去持续到现在或对现在有影响（时间标志词：for/since/already/yet) 过去完成时：以“过去某个动作”为基准，动作发生在该过去动作之前（时间标志词：by the time/before +过去时句子) 初中沪教上海版初中语法 【语法专版】 动词时态全解 2.例句对比 现在完成时：I have lived in this city for 10 years.(从过去到现在住了l0年，以“现在”为终点) 过去完成时：Ihad lived in this city for 10 years before I moved to Beijing.(“搬去北京”是过去动作，“住 10年”在其之前，以“过去动作”为终点) 3.易错点提示 1.避免混淆“过去完成时”与“一般过去时”：当句中存在两个过去动作，且需强调“动作A发生在 动作B之前”时，动作A用过去完成时，动作B用一般过去时。 例：He told me he had seen the movie..(“看电影”在“告诉”之前，“告诉”是一般过去时，“看电 影”用过去完成时) 2.时间标志词“by the time”的用法：后接一般过去时句子时，主句用过去完成时。 例：By the time we arrived,the party had started.(arrived是一般过去时，star't发生在arrive之前，用 过去完成时) 知识点三：过去完成时 1.基础结构与核心用法 1.基本构成（必背)： 肯定式：主语+had+动词过去分词(done)→例句：She had finished her homework before her mother came back. 否定式：主语+had not (hadn't)+动词过去分词→例句：Theyhadn't arrived at the station by9o'clock. 疑问式：Had+主语+动词过去分词？→例句：Had you seen the movie before last night? 2.时间状语标志（中考常考)： (I)by the time+一般过去时句子→例句：By the time I got up,.my brother had already left home. (2)before+一般过去时句子→例句：I had learned500 words before I entered middle school.. (3)表示“过去某动作前已完成”的上下文暗示→例句：He said he had never visited the Great Wall. 2.语境应用与时态区分 1.与一般过去时的区别（中考易错）： (I)过去完成时：强调“过去的过去”，即某动作发生在另一个过去动作之前→例句：When I arrived at the party,they had already started dancing.(“开始跳舞”在“到达”之前) (2)一般过去时：仅表示过去发生的动作，不强调与另一动作的先后→例句：When I arrived at the party,.they started dancing.(“到达”和“开始跳舞”几乎同时) 2.特殊句式转换（核心考点）： (I)主动语态变被动语态：主语+had been+动词过去分词→例句：The work had been finished by them before dark (2)间接引语中的应用：主句为一般过去时，从句用过去完成时表“过去的过去”→例句：She told me she had bought a new bike the day before. 3 初中沪教上海版初中语法 【语法专版】 动词时态全解 3.中考高频句型与易错点 1.经典句型搭配（必练）： (I)表示“刚…就…”：Hardly had+主语+过去分词+when+一般过去时句子→例句：Hardly had I fallen asleep when the phone rang. (2)表示“到…为止已经…”：By+过去时间点+主语+had+过去分词→例句：By the end of last month,we had learned 8 units. 2.常见错误警示（避坑指南）： (1)误用一般过去时代替过去完成时： 错误：Imet him yesterday.I saw him three times this week.(未体现“过去的过去”) 正确：I met him yesterday.I had seen him three times before that week. (2)时间状语与时态不匹配： 错误：She had breakfast at7a.m.this morning.(“今天早上7点”为单纯过去时间，用一般过去时) 正确：She had breakfast at7a.m.this morning.(无需用过去完成时) 考法精析 考法一：过去完成时基本结构及标志词应用 核心：根据”过去的过去”时间关系及标志词，判断是否使用过去完成时，并正确填写动词过去分 词形式 真题1（语法填空）： By the time I(get)home,my mother _(cook)dinner already. 答案：got,had cooked 解析：by the time+一般过去时句子”是过去完成时标志词，”到家”(got)是过去动作，”做饭”发 生在其之前，用过去完成时had cooked。 真题2（单项选择)： She told me she _(see)the movie twice before last week. A.see B.saw C.has seen D.had seen 答案：D 解析：间接引语中主句'told为一般过去时，从句动作”see”发生在主句之前，用过去完成时had seen: before last week”是过去完成时时间标志词。 考法二：过去完成时与一般过去时的时间关系判断 核心：根据动作发生的先后顺序及时间标志词，区分过去完成时（过去的过去）与一般过去时（单 纯过去) 真题1（语法填空)： By the time Tom_(get)to the classroom,the teacher-(start)the lesson. 答案：got,had started 解析：by the time+一般过去时句子”作时间状语，主句用过去完成时；get的过去式为got,start的 4 初中沪教上海版初中语法 【语法专版】 动词时态全解 过去分词为started。. 真题2（单项选择)： She told me she_the film twice before last week. A.sees B.saw C.has seen D.had seen 答案：D 解析：主句'told'为一般过去时，宾语从句中before last week'”表示过去的过去，用过去完成时，see 的过去分词为seen。 考法三：过去完成时与时间状语的综合应用及被动语态转换 核心：结合时间状语判断”过去的过去”动作，掌握主动语态(had仲过去分词)与被动语态(had been+过去分词)的转换规则 真题1（单项选择)： By the time my parents came back,I_all the housework. A.finished B.have finished C.had finished D.was finishing 答案：C 解析：句中'came back'”是一般过去时，”完成家务”发生在父母回来”之前，符合”过去的过去”， 需用过去完成时，结构为had+过去分词”，finish的过去分词为finished。 真题2（语法填空)： The classroom_(clean)by students before the teacher arrived. 答案：had been cleaned 解析：”arrived'是一般过去时，”打扫教室”发生在老师到达”之前，用过去完成时：主语”classroom” 是动作承受者，需用被动语态，结构为had been+过去分词'，clean的过去分词为cleaned.。 解题小妙招 过去完成解题妙招 过去完成看“过去”，“过去的过去”是核心： 标志词“by the time+过去时”，“before+过去时间点”要记牢： 主动结构“had+done”,被动“had been+done”跑不了； 主句若为一般过去时，从句“过去的过去”也需要： 先判断动作先后序，再看主动被动语态别混淆。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.He said he the Great Wall twice before 2020. A visit B visited C has visited D had visited 初中沪教上海版初中语法 【语法专版】动词时态全解 2.By the time I got to the bus stop,the busalready. A left B has left C had left D will leave 3.She500 English words by last month A learns B learned C has learned D had learned 4.They told us they to Beijing before the summer holiday. A went B have gone C had gone D will go 5.When the rain stopped,we-for two hours. A waited B have waited C had waited D wait 6.My father_the work before he went to bed. A finishes B finished C has finished D had finished 7.She hoped she_the exam,but she failed. A passes B passed C has passed D had passed 8.No soonerhome than it began to rain. A did I get B I got ChadI got DIhad got 9.By9o'clock yesterday,wethe project. A complete B completed C have completed D had completed 10.He-this book for three days before he returned it. Areads B read C has read D hadread 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.We_(eat)dinner when he called last night 2.By the time she_(arrive),the meeting_(start)already. 3.My brother_(learn)to swim before he was five. 4.They_(not see)each other for ten years before last week. 5.The film(begin)when we_(get)to the cinema. 6.I(finish)my homework before my mother came back. 7.She said she_(visit)Paris twice. 8.Had he(tell)you the news before yesterday? 9.By last month,we_(live)here for five years. 10.They(plan)to go hiking,but it rained. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空) 6 初中沪教上海版初中语法 【语法专版】 动词时态全解 Last Sunday,Tom decided to visit his grandparents.He_(promise)to come the week before,but he_ (be)too busy with his exams.By the time he-(reach)their house,his grandma-(cook)his favorite meal.She said she_(buy)fresh vegetables that morning.Tom felt happy because he_(not see)them for three months. After lunch,Grandpa showed Tom old photos.He(keep)them for over 40 years.Tom noticed a photo of his father when hebe)a child.Grandpa laughed and said,"Your father(break)this chair before I(repair)itin1990.” 答案区 演练-：1D2.C3D4.C5.C6.D7B8.C9D10D 1.had eaten 2.arrived;had started 3.had learned 4.hadn't seen 5.had begun;got 6.had finished 7.had visited 8.told 9.had lived 10.had planned 1.had promised 2.had been 3.reached 4.had cooked 5.had bought 6.hadn't seen 7.hadkept 8.was 9.had broken 10.repaired 7