动词时态 过去进行时was were doing 结构表过去某时正在进行的动作when while 句型-2025-2026学年英语中考复习语法知识点全解（沪教上海版）

初中语法沪教上海版 【专题突破】 动词时态全解 考点精析 【专题】过去进行时 was/were十doing结构when/while句型 考频分析 沪教上海版初中语法中，过去进行时是动词时态模块的重要语法点，考频占动词时态考察总量的 15%左右，主要分布在核心题型：单项选择(1-2题)、完形填空(2-3题)、语法填空(1-2题)、书 面表达（辅助考察，用于描述过去特定时刻的动作场景）。在语境理解类题目中，过去进行时与一 般过去时的辨析（尤其是when/while句型中）往往是解题关键。 考查内容 ·动词分类应用：系动词、实义动词、情态动词、助动词的辨析与功能 ·时态与语态：过去进行时(was/were+doing结构)的基本结构与语境匹配（表过去某时正在进行的 动作)，when/while句型的时态呼应，主动语态与被动语态的转换 。非谓语动词：todo、doing、do的固定搭配与句法功能（作宾语、宾语补足语、定语等） 知识点一：过去进行时的结构及用法 1.基本结构（主语+be动词+动词-ing形式) 1.第一/三人称单数：主语+was+doing 。例句：She was reading a book at8p.m.last night. 2.第二人称/复数：主语+were+doing ·例句：They were playing football when I arrived. 2.核心用法（表过去某时正在进行的动作) 1.特定时间点：at9o'clock yesterday morning/this time last week 。例句：I was having breakfast at7:30 this morning. 2.特定时间段：fom8to10 last night 初中语法沪教上海版 【专题突破】 动词时态全解 ·例句：He was watching TV from8tol0 last night. 3.when/while句型（连接同时发生的动作） 1.when引导时间点（后接一般过去时）：主句（过去进行时）+when+从句（一般过去时） ●例句：I was walking home when it rained 2.while引导时间段（主从句均用过去进行时）：while+从句（过去进行时）+主句（过去进行时） ·例句：While she was cooking,I was washing dishes. 知识点二：过去进行时专项突破 1.核心概念与结构特征 1.定义阐释：表示过去某一特定时间点或时间段正在进行的动作，强调动作的持续性和未完成性 2.基本结构：主语+was/were+动词现在分词(doing) ·人称匹配：第一人称/第三人称单数用was:第二人称复数主语用were ·否定形式：直接在was/were后加not(wasn't/weren't) ●疑问形式：将was/were提前至句首 2.时间状语系统 1.具体时间点标志： ●at8o'clock last night(昨晚8点) ·this time yesterday(昨天这个时候) ·fiom7to9 pm yesterday(昨晚7到9点) 2.情境引导词： ●when+一般过去时从句（主句用过去进行时） ●while+过去进行时从句（主从句动作同时进行） 3.核心句型应用 1.基础陈述句： She was doing homework at 9 pm last Monday. They were playing football when it rained. 2.特殊句式转换： 2 初中语法沪教上海版 【专题突破】 动词时态全解 ·否定句：He wasn't listening to music then. ●疑间句：Were you watching TV at this time yesterday? 4.when/while句型对比 1.when引导时间状语从句： 。主过进+when+一过：I was reading when the doorbell rang, 。一过+when+主过进：The doorbell rang when I was reading 2.while引导并列动作： I was cooking while my sister was washing clothes. While Tom was sleeping,his brother was playing games. 5.常见错误警示 l.时间标志误用：避免与一般过去时混淆（如：Heread a book yesterdayv/He wasreading a book yesterday ×) 2.主谓一致错误：第三人称单数误用were(如：She were singing×/She was singing√) 3.瞬间动词误用：不可与过去进行时搭配（如：was dying×/died√) 6.被动语态结构 1.基本公式：主语+was/were+being+过去分词 2.转换示例： ●主a动：They were building the bridge last winter. ●被动：The bridge was being built by them last winter. 。否定被动：The letter wasn't being written by her at3pm. 7.情景交际应用 1.描述过去场景："What were you doing when the accident happened? 2.解释过去行为：I was preparing for the exam,so I didn't answer your call.” 3.背景交代功能：The sun was shining and birds were singing when we arrived,” 知识点三：when/while引导的时间状语从句与过去进行时的连用 1.when引导的时间状语从句 3 初中语法沪教上海版 【专题突破】 动词时态全解 1.基本用法（主过进，从一过： 。主句用过去进行时，从句用一般过去时→例句：I was doing my homework when my mother came back. 。主句用一般过去时，从句用过去进行时→例句：When I was walking in the park,I met an old friend. 2.中考常考句型转换： 。例句：The phone rang.I was taking a shower.(合并)When the phone rang,I was taking a shower./ I was taking a shower when the phone rang. 2.while引导的时间状语从句 1.基础搭配（主过进，从过进）： 。前后句均用过去进行时，表示两个动作同时进行→例句：While my father was reading a newspaper, my mother was cooking dinner. 。while从句可与when互换（主过进，从一过）→例句：While I was watching TV,the doorbell rang (=When I was watching TV,the doorbell rang.) 2.中考易错点： ·例句：While she was singing,he was dancing.(不可用when替换后接进行时的从句，强调同时性) 3.时间状语从句中动词形式选择 1.瞬间动词与延续性动词搭配： ·瞬间动词（如come/go/ring)常用一般过去时，搭配过去进行时主句一例句：The rain started when we were playing basketball 。延续性动词（如read/write)可用于过去进行时从句→例句：While he was reading,the lights went out. 2.中考核心考点： ·例句：He fell off the bike while he was riding.(ride为延续性动词，用过去进行时) 解题小妙招 过去进行解题妙招 过去进行看时间，标志词来先判断： at+点时last night,this time last+时间； when/while引导句，从句一过主进行： while主从同进行，两个动作都持续： 主语人称单复数，was/were来搭配； 4 初中语法沪教上海版 【专题突破】 动词时态全解 主动结构be doing,被动be being done: 牢记主语单复数，was配单were配复。 考法精析 考法一：基本结构判断 核心：根据主语人称和数，选择正确的be动词(was/were)搭配动词-ing形式构成过去进行时 真题1（语法填空）： She(read)a storybook at 8 p.m.last night. 答案：was reading 解析：由时间标志词“at8p.m.last night”可知用过去进行时；主语She为第三人称单数，be动词 用was,动词read的现在分词为reading。 真题2（单项选择)： They basketball when their teacher came. A.play B.plays C.were playing D.played 答案：C 解析：句中“when their teacher came”(当老师来的时候)为时间标志，“老师来”是过去的瞬间动 作（一般过去时），主句“他们打篮球”是当时正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时；主语Thy为复 数，be动词用were,play的现在分词为playing,故选C。 考法二：when/while句型时态匹配 核心：根据when/while引导的时间状语从句与主句的动作关系，判断主从句时态（过去进行时与 一般过去时) 真题1（语法填空)： My brother (play)computer games when my mother came back. 答案：was playing 解析：由when引导的时间状语从句“came back”(一般过去时)可知，主句动作正在进行，用过 去进行时：主语为三单，用was+playing。 真题2（单项选择）： While Tom TV,his sister her homework. A watched did B was watching was doing C watches does D is watching is doing 初中语法沪教上海版 【专题突破】 动词时态全解 答案：B 解析：while引导时间状语从句时，主从句动作同时进行，均用过去进行时：Tom是三单用was watch- ing,his sister是三单用was doing。 考法三：when/while引导的时间状语从句与动词时态综合应用 核心：正确区分when/while引导从句时主句与从句的时态搭配，掌握过去进行时与一般过去时的 连用规则及动词形式变化 真题1（单项选择）： TV when my mother came back last night. A watch B watched C was watching D am watching 答案：C 解析：when引导时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时(came back),主句表示过去某时刻正在进行 的动作，需用过去进行时，结构为主语+was/were+doing,主语为I,be动词用was,watch的现在 分词为watching。 真题2（语法填空）： While Tom(read)a storybook,his sister(play)with toys yesterday afternoon. 答案：was reading was playing 解析：wil©引导时间状语从句时，主从句动作同时进行，均需用过去进行时，结构为主语 +was/were+-doing;主语Tom为第三人称单数，be动词用was,read的现在分词为reading;主语 his sister为第三人称单数，be动词用was,play的现在分词为playing。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题) 1.My father _newspapers at 7:00 yesterday morning. A read B reads C was reading D is reading 2.They TV when the doorbell rang. A watch B watched C were watching D are watching 3.While Lily the guitar,her brother the piano A plays sings B played sang C was playing was singing D is playing is singing 4.The students an English class this time last Monday. A have B had C were having D are having 5.I to music when my friend called me. A listen B listened C am listening D was listening 6 初中语法沪教上海版 【专题突破】 动词时态全解 6.When Tom home,his sister dinner. A arrived was cooking B arrives cooks C arrived cooked D arrives is cooking 7.The room by my mother this time yesterday. A cleans B cleaned C was cleaning D was being cleaned 8.They basketball from 4 to 6 p.m.last Saturday. A play B played C were playing D are playing 9.While we for the bus,it to rain A wait start B waited started C were waiting started D are waiting starts 10.My brother his bike when he fell down. A rides B rode C was riding D is riding 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.She (do)her homework at 8 p.m.last night. 2.They (play)football when the teacher came. 3.I (watch)TV this time yesterday. 4.The letters (write)by her when I entered the room. 5.While my mother (cook).I (wash)the dishes. 6.He (not read)a book at 9 o'clock last night. 7.The classroom (clean)by students at this time last Monday. 8.We(study)English from 7 to 9 p.m.last Sunday. 9.When the rain (start),they (swim)in the pool. 10.My sister (listen)to music while she (walk)home. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） Last Sunday evening,I (do)my homework in my room.It was 8:30 p.m.,and the room was quiet. Suddenly,I heard a noise from the kitchen.I went to see what happened.My mother (cook)dinner, and my father (help)her.They (not notice)me because they (talk)about their trip to Beijing At that moment,the phone (ring).My father (answer)it while my mother (continue) cooking.It was my aunt.She said she (come)to visit us the next day.We(be)all happy to hear the news. When I went back to my room,I found my cat (sleep)on my bed.It (not move)even when I sat down.What a lovely night! 7 初中语法沪教上海版 【专题突破】 动词时态全解 答案区 演练-：1.C2.C3.C4.C5.D6.A7D8.C9.C10.C 演练二： 1.was doing 2.were playing 3.was watching 4.were being written 5.was cooking;was washing 6.wasn't reading 7.was being cleaned 8.were studying 9.started;were swimming 10.was listening;was walking 演练三： 1.was doing 2.was cooking 3.was helping 4.didn't notice 5.were talking 6.rang 7.answered 8.continued 9.was coming 10.were;was sleeping;didn't move