特殊疑问句-2025-2026学年七年级英语下册语法知识点全解（外研版）

初一下外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 寒假专版 【专题】特殊疑问句 语法专项突破 考频分析 初一下外研版中，特殊疑问句是基础语法模块，考频占句法总量的15%左右，主要分布在核心题 型：单项选择(2-3题)、完形填空(1-2题)、句型转换(3-4题)。在语境应用类题目中，特殊疑问 词的选择、语序及答语匹配往往是解题关键。 考查内容 。疑问词选择：疑问代词(what、who、which、whose、whom)与疑问副词(when、where、why、how) 的词义辨析及场景匹配： 。语序规则：特殊疑问句中“疑问词+一般疑问句语序”的基本结构，含b动词、情态动词及实义 动词（借助助动词do/does/did)的句式构建： ·答语逻辑：针对不同疑问词的精准回应，避免答非所问（如how询问方式/程度、why需用because 回答等)。 知识点一：特殊疑问句的构成及用法 1.结构框架（疑问词+一般疑问句语序） 。常见疑问词：疑问代词(what/which/who/.whom/whose)、疑问副词(when/where/why/how) ·例句：(1)What is your name?(疑问代词what作表语，后接be动词引导的一般疑问句)(2)Where does she live?(疑问副词where作状语，助动词does构成一般疑问句) 2.疑问词分类及功能 ·疑问代词（指代人/物/关系）：what(事物)、who(人，主格)、whom(人，宾格)、whose(所属关 系)→例句：Whose pen is this?(whose表所属) 。疑问副词（指代时间/地点/原因/方式）：when(时间)、where(地点)、why(原因)、how(方式) →例句：How do you go to school??(how表方式) 1 初一下外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 3.助动词使用规则 。实义动词作谓语：需加do/does/did构成疑问语序→例句：Did they finish the work?(did辅助构成 一般过去时特殊疑问句) 。be动词/情态动词作谓语：直接提到主语前→例句：Why are you late?(be动词are提前)/How can I help you?(情态动词can提前) 4.特殊结构变体 。疑问词组：how many(数量)、how much(价格/不可数名词量)、how long(时间长度)一例句： How many books do you have?(how many修饰可数名词复数) 。主谓不倒装情况：疑问词在句中作主语时→例句：Who broke the window?(who作主语，直接接谓 语动词) 知识点二：特殊疑问句的构成与用法 1.一般疑问句转化为特殊疑问句 ·结构：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(b动词/助动词情态动词+主语+其他成分) ·步骤示例： 原句：He is playing football..(一般疑间句：Is he playing football?) 特殊疑问句：What is he playing?(用特殊疑问词What替换football,后接一般疑问句) ·注意：若原句有实义动词且无be动词情态动词，需加助动词do/does/did(根据时态) 例句： (I)She eats an apple every morning.(一般现在时，三单，助动词用does) -What does she eat every morning? (2)They went to the park yesterday.(一般过去时，助动词用did) -Where did they go yesterday? 2.常见特殊疑问词及用法 1.对人提问：who(谁，主格)、whom(谁，宾格，口语中常用who) 例句： -Who is singing in the room?(谁在房间里唱歌？) -Whom did you meet at the station?(你在车站遇见了谁？) 2.对事物/动作提问：what(什么) 例句： -What are you doing now?(你现在在做什么？) -What did she buy yesterday?(她昨天买了什么？) 初一下外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 3.对地点提问：where(哪里) 例句： -Where do you live?(你住在哪里？) -Where will they go next week?(他们下周要去哪里？) 4.对时间提问：when(什么时候，对时间点/段提问)、what time(几点，对具体时间点提问) 例句： -When did you start learning English?(你什么时候开始学英语的？) -What time does the class begin?(上课几点开始？) 5.对原因提问：why(为什么)，回答用because引导 例句： -Why are you late?(你为什么迟到？) -Because I missed the bus.(因为我错过了公交车。) 6.对方式提问：how(怎样) 例句： -How do you go to school?(你怎样去上学？) -By bike.(骑自行车。) 7.对数量提问：how many(多少，后接可数名词复数)、how much(多少，后接不可数名词/询问价格) 例句： -How many books do you have?(你有多少本书？) -How much water is there in the bottle?(瓶子里有多少水？) -How much is this pen?(这支钢笔多少钱？) 8.对程度/年龄提问：how old(多大，对年龄提问)、how long（多久，对时间段提问)、how often(多 久一次，对频率提问) 例句： -How old is your brother?(你弟弟多大了？) -How long have you lived here?(你在这里住了多久了？) -How often do you exercise?(你多久锻炼一次？) 3.特殊疑问句的语序 ·陈述句语序：当特殊疑问词在句中作主语时，句子用陈述句语序（特殊疑问词+谓语+其他成分） 例句： -Who is your English teacher??(谁是你的英语老师？who作主语) -What happened last night?(昨晚发生了什么事？what作主语) 。疑问句语序：当特殊疑问词在句中作宾语、状语等时，句子用疑问句语序（特殊疑问词+一般疑问 句) 例句： -What subject do you like best??(你最喜欢什么科目？what subject作宾语) -Where did she go on vacation?(她去哪里度假了？where作状语) 3 初一下外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 知识点三：特殊疑问句 1.疑问词分类及用法（基础必背） 1.what(什么)→询问事物/职业→例句：What is your favorite subject? 2.who(谁)→询问人→例句：Who is the girl in red? 3.when(何时)→询问时间→例句：When do you usually get up? 4.where（哪里)→询问地点→例句：Where does your father work? 5.why(为什么)→询问原因→例句：Why are you late for school? 6.how(如何)→询问方式/程度一→例句：How do you go to school every day? 7.which(哪一个)→询问选择→例句：Which book do you like best? 2.基本结构（语法核心) 。一般现在时：疑问词+do/does+主语+动词原形？→例句：What does she usually eat for breakfast? 。一般过去时：疑问词+did+主语+动词原形？→例句：Where did you go last weekend? ·一般将来时：疑问词+wil+主语+动词原形？/疑问词+be+主语+going to do?→例句：How will you go to Beijing tomorrow?/When are they going to have a party? 。现在进行时：疑问词+be+主语+现在分词？→例句：What is he doing in the classroom? 3.特殊结构及易错点（中考高频） 。疑问词+不定式(what/when/how+todo)→例句：Idon't know how to solve this problem. 。对划线部分提问步骤：先确定疑问词→再将剩余部分变为一般疑问句→例句：原句：She usually gets up at6:30.(对划线部分at6:30提问)→When does she usually get up? ·疑问词做主语时结构：疑问词+谓语动词（第三人称单数）？→例句：Who teaches you English this term? 考法精析 考法一：疑问词选择与运用 核心：根据提问对象（人/事物时间/地点等）选择正确的疑问代词或疑问副词，并结合句子结构完 成提问 真题1（单项选择）： -did you go to the park yesterday? A.What B.When C.Where D.Why 4 初一下外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 答案：C解析：根据“go to the park”(去公园)可知提问对象为地点，应用疑问副词here。 真题2（句型转换)： 原句：Tom usually gets up at6:30a.m.（对划线部分“at6:30a.m.”提问) 答案：When does Tom usually get up?解析：划线部分为时间，用疑间副词when;原句为一般现在 时，主语Tom是第三人称单数，助动词用does,动词gets还原为get。 考法二：疑问代词与疑问副词辨析 核心：根据句子中疑问词所指代的对象（人物/时间/地点等）及在句中充当的成分（主语/宾语/状 语等)，选择正确的疑问代词或疑问副词 真题1（单项选择)： -is your English teacher?She is Ms.Wang. A.What B.Who C.Where D.How 答案：B解析：根据答语“Ms.Wng”可知是对人提问，疑问代词who用于对人提问且作主语，符 合语境。what对事物提问，where对地点提问，how对方式提问，均不符合。 真题2（句型转换）： 原句：They will meet at the school gate tomorrow.(对划线部分提间，划线部分：at the school gate) 答案：Where will they meet tomorrow?解析：划线部分“at the school gate”表示地点，应用疑问副 词where:原句含情态动词will,变为疑问句时将wil提到主语they前，其余部分保持不变。 考法三：特殊疑问句综合运用 核心：结合疑问词分类、语序规则及助动词使用，完成特殊疑问句的转换与构建 真题1（单项选择）： -did you visit the Great Wall? Last summer vacation. A When B Where C Why D How 答案：A解析：答语“Last summer vacation”表时间，需用疑问副词when提间。 真题2（语法填空）： -(do)your mother go to work every day? By bus. 答案：How解析：答语“By bus'”表方式，需用疑问副词how;主语“your mother'”为第三人称单 数，助动词用does,此处仅填疑问词how。 解题小妙招 疑问词选择妙招 提问对象先判断，人用who物用what:时间when地点where,.方式how原因why: 代词副词要分清，代词作主宾表语：副词作状表情状，时间地点方式因： 初一下外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 特殊问句结构清，疑问词后接一般问：主语句序不变更，倒装规则看助动： 实义动词借助动，b情提前莫忘记：划线提问找关键，一步到位选对词。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择（共10题） 1.-is your favorite sport?I like basketball best A What B Who C Where DWhy 2.did you finish your homework last night?At 9 o'clock. A How B When CWhere DWhich 3.teaches you math this term?Mr.Li does. A What B Who C Whom D Whose 4.are you late for school again?Because my bike was broken. A How B When CWhy D Where 5.-do you usually go to the park?By bus. A How B What C Who DWhich 6.pen is on the desk?It's Lily's. A What B Who C Whose D Which 7.-will the train arrive?In about 20 minutes. A How long B How often C When D How far 8.-did you meet at the station yesterday?My uncle. A What B Whom C Where D Why 9.is the post office from here?It's about two kilometers away. A How long B How far C How often D How much 10.-book do you want to read,the storybook or the science book? A What B Which C Whose D Who 演练二：填空（共10题） 1._(什么)is your name?My name is Tom 2._(哪里)do you live?I live in Beijing. 3.(谁的)bag is this?It's Mary's. 4.does your father go to work?He goes to work by car. 5._(为什么)are you so happy today?Because I got an A in the exam. 6._(什么时候)will you go to Shanghai?Next Monday 6 初一下外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 7._(哪一个)apple do you like,the red one or the green one? &._(多少)books do you have?I have twenty books. 9._(多久一次do you exercise?I exercise three times a week l0._(多长时间)have you studied English?I have studied English for five years.. 演练三：语法填空 Tom is a student in Grade 8.He often asks himself many questions.-(what)should he do to improve his English?He thinks he should read more English books.(when)does he usually read them?He reads them every morning before school.(where)does he read?He reads in the school library.(who)can help him with his English?His English teacher,Miss Wang.(why)does he like Miss Wang?Because she is very kind and helpful. One day,Tom met a foreigner in the park.He wanted to talk to him but didn't know(how)to start. He asked,"(where)are you from?"The foreigner answered"I'm from America."Then Tom asked, (what)do you think of our city?"The foreigner said,"It's a beautiful city."Tom was very happy.He learned that(who)you talk to,you should be brave. (which)is the best way to learn English?Tom thinks the best way is to practice speaking every day.He hopes he can speak English well one day.-(how long)will it take him?He is not sure,but he will keep trying. 答案区 演练-：1.A2B3.B4.C5.A6.C7.C8B9.B10B 演练二：1.What2.Where3.Whose4.How5.Why6.When7.Which8.low many9.How often 10.How long 演练三：1.What2.When3.Where4.Who5.Why6.how7.Where8.What9.whoever10.Which11How long 7