情态动词表能力-2025-2026学年七年级英语下册语法知识点全解（外研版）

初一下外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 寒假专版 【专题】情态动词表能力 语法专项突破 考频分析 初一下外研版中，情态动词表能力是基础语法模块，考频占情态动词考点总量的30%左右，主要 分布在核心题型：单项选择(1-2题)、完形填空(1-2题)、阅读理解（词义猜测题涉及）、书面表 达（简单句中体现能力描述）。在语境理解类题目中，情态动词can/could的辨析及能力场景匹配往 往是解题关键。 考查内容 ·基础含义辨析：can(现在/将来能力)、could(过去能力/委婉请求)、be able to(强调通过努力获得 的能力，可用于多种时态)的核心语义区别 。句式结构应用：肯定句（主语+can/could+-动词原形）、否定句(can't/couldn't+动词原形)、疑问句 (Can/Could+主语+动词原形)的正确构造 ·语境场景匹配：日常对话中表达自身能力（如“I can speak English.”)、过去能力描述（如“She could swim when she was five.”)、能力相关请求与回应的实际运用 知识点一：情态动词表能力的用法 1.核心含义：表示主语具备做某事的能力或技能，强调自身拥有的能力 。常见情态动词：can(现在/将来能力)、could(过去能力/委婉语气表现在能力) ·例句： 1.She can speak three languages fluently.(can表现在具备的语言能力) 2.My father could swim across the river when he was young.(could表过去拥有的游泳能力) 2.否定形式：在情态动词后加not,构成can't/cannot(现在否定)、couldn't(过去否定)，表示“不 能/没有能力做某事” 。例句： 1.Ican't solve this math problem alone.(cant表现在没有解决问题的能力) 2.He couldn't ride a bike until he was eight..(couldn't表过去不具备骑车能力) 1 初一下外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 3.疑问句形式：将情态动词置于句首，用于询问对方是否具备某种能力 。例句： 1.Can you play the piano?(询问现在是否有弹钢琴的能力) 2.Could she drive a car when she was in college?(询问过去是否具备开车能力) 知识点二：情态动词表能力 1.基本含义与核心情态动词情态动词表能力时，强调主语具备完成某动作的能力，初中阶段核心词为 can(现在/将来能力)和could(过去能力) 2.肯定句结构与例句 。现在/将来能力：主语+can+动词原形 例句： -She can speak English very well.（她能说一口流利的英语。) -I can finish the work in an hour..(我能在一小时内完成这项工作。) 。过去能力：主语+could+动词原形 例句： -He could swim when he was five.(他五岁时就会游泳了。) -My mother could cook delicious food when she was young..(我妈妈年轻时就会做美味的食物。) 3.否定句结构与例句 ·现在/将来能力否定：主语+cant+动词原形(can not的缩写) 例句： -Ican't play the piano.(我不会弹钢琴。) -They can't arrive here before6p.m.(他们下午6点前到不了这里。) ·过去能力否定：主语+couldn't+动词原形(could not的缩写) 例句： -She couldn't ride a bike last year.(她去年还不会骑自行车。) -We couldn't find the way to the park yesterday.(我们昨天找不到去公园的路。) 4.疑问句结构与答语 ●现在/将来能力疑问：Can+主语+动词原形？ 肯定回答：Yes,主语+can. 否定回答：No,主语+cant. 例句 -Can you dance?(你会跳舞吗？) Yes,I can./No,I can't. -Can he solve this math problem?(他能解出这道数学题吗？) Yes,he can./No,he can't. 初一下外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 。过去能力疑问：Could+主语+动词原形？ 肯定回答：Yes,主语+could. 否定回答：No,主语+couldn't. 例句： -Could you swim when you were six?(你六岁时会游泳吗？) Yes,I could./No,I couldn't. -Could they speak French two years ago?(他们两年前会说法语吗？) Yes,they could./No,they couldn't. 5.特殊用法：could表委婉请求（非过去能力） 在疑问句中，could可代替can表示委婉请求（此时不表过去能力），回答仍用can 例句： -Could you help me,please?(你能帮我一下吗？) Yes,I can./Sorry,I can't. 知识点三：情态动词表能力 1.can/could(基本用法) 基础用法拓展（核心掌握）： 。can表现在能力（能/会做）→例句：She can speak three languages. 。can表请求许可（口语常用）→例句：Can I borrow your dictionary? ●could表过去能力（过去能/会做）→例句：I could swim when I was five. 。could表委婉请求（比can更礼貌）→例句：Could you help me carry the box? ·can't表否定推测（不可能）→例句：He can't be at home now-he's at work. 2.be able to(能力表达) 时态变化（中考重点）： ·一般现在时：am/is/are able to→例句：They are able to finish the task on time. 。一般过去时：was/were able to一例句：We were able to solve the problem yesterday. ·一般将来时：will be able to→例句：I will be able to drive next year. ●现在完成时：have/has been able to→例句：She has been able to play the violin for5 years. 与can的区别（易错点）： ·be able to可用于更多时态，can仅用于现在时和过去时(could)→例句：He will be able to speak French soon.(不能用can) 。强调通过努力实现的能力用be able to一例句：She worked hard and was able to pass the exam. 3 初一下外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 考法精析 考法一：can与could表能力的时态辨析 核心：根据语境判断动作发生的时间（现在/过去），选择can或could表能力 真题1（语法填空)： She_(play)the piano very well when she was a child. 答案：could 解析：由时间标志词“when she was a child”可知，动作发生在过去，表过去能力用could,.后接动 词原形play。 真题2（完形填空)： My brother_speak English fluently now because he practices every day. A.can B.could C.will D.must 答案：A 解析：由时间标志词“now”可知，动作发生在现在，表现在能力用can,符合“每天练习所以现在 能流利说英语”的语境。 考法二：can/could与be able to辨析 核心：根据语境和时态要求，区分can/could与be able to的用法及转换 真题1（语法填空）： She_(swim)when she was five,but yesterday she_(not swim)because of the cold water. 答案：could;couldn't/wasn't able to 解析：第一空表过去一般能力，用could;第二空表过去能力否定，couldn't与wasn't able to可互换。 真题2（单项选择)： By next month,we finish the new library building. A.can B.could C.will be able to D.are able to 答案：C 解析：由时间标志词'By next month'”可知动作发生在将来，can无将来时，需用will be able to表将 来能力。 考法三：canl/could与be able to的用法辨析及语境应用 核心：区分can/could表能力与be able to的时态差异，掌握过去能力中could与was/were able to的 用法区别，理解could表委婉请求的语境 真题1（单项选择)： 4 初一下外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 My brother-swim when he was five,but yesterday he finish the 500-meter race because of his cold. A.can;couldn't B.could;wasn't able to C.was able to;can't D.could;can't 答案：B 解析：第一空表过去一般能力，用could;第二空强调过去具体事件中未能成功做到，用wasn't able to,符合“could表过去一般能力，was/were able to表过去成功做到”的区别。 真题2（语法填空）： She_(not swim)when she was young,but now she(be able to)swim very well. 答案：couldn't:is able to 解析：第一空表过去否定能力，用couldn't:第二空表现在能力，be able to强调通过学习获得的能 力，主语she为第三人称单数，be动词用is。 解题小妙招 能力辨析妙招 能力时态先判断，现在can来过去could: 将来能力表可能，will be able to最适合； could仅表过去能，成功结果用be able to: can无将来时态用，be able to可换多种态： 时间标志是关键，无标志时品语境。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择（共10题） 1.My mother_cook delicious food when she was young. A.can B.could C.will D.must 2.-you speak French now? -Yes,I practice every day. A.Can B.Could C.Were D.Are 3.Theyfinish the work on time yesterday because they worked hard. A.can B.could C.were able to D.will be able to 4.By next year,wetravel to Japan. A.can B.could C.will be able to D.are able to 5.Heswim when he was five,but now hebecause of an injury. A.could;can't B.can;couldn't C.was able to;can D.could;was able to 6.-your father drive a car ten years ago? -Yes,and he win a driving competition last year. 初一下外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 A.Can;could B.Could;was able to C.Are;will be D.Could:can 7.This robotclean the floor by itself.It's very smart. A.can B.could C.must D.should 8.Shesolve this math problem quickly now because she has practiced a lot. A.is able to B.was able to C.could D.will be able to 9.Youlift that heavy box alone.Let me help you. A.can B.could C.can't D.couldn't 10.By the end of this month,Iplay the guitar for one year. A.can B.could C.have been able to D.will have been able to 演练二：填空（共10题） 1.My grandfather(swim)very fast when he was young. 2.We_(finish)the project on time tomorrow if we work hard. 3.She(not ride)a bike until she was seven years old. 4.-(you/play)the piano? -Yes,I (learn)it since I was six. 5.They_(not attend)the meeting yesterday because of the rain. 6.This machine(produce)500 bottles per hour. 7.By next summer,I_(drive)a car for two years. 8.He(speak)three languages fluently now. 9.Although she was tired,she(finish)the race successfully. 10.You(not pass)the exam if you don't study hard. 演练三：语法填空（共10空） Tom is a student who loves sports.When he was young,he_(1)(swim)very well,but he_(2)(not play) basketball.His father(3)(teach)him to play basketball every weekend,and now he(4)(play)it very well.Last month,his school held a basketball match.Tom was nervous at first,but he(5)(score)the winning goal.His classmates said,"You(6)(be)a great player!" Next year,Tom_(7)(join)the school team.He practices every day and believes he_(8)(become)better. His coach often says,"Tom_(9)(achieve)his dream if he keeps working hard."Tom hopes that one day he(10)(play)for the national team. 6 初一下外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 答案区 演练-：1B2.A3.C4.C5.A6B7.A8.A9.C10D 1.could 2.can finish 3.couldn't ride wasn't able to ride 4.Can you play,have been able to learn 5.couldn't attend weren't able to attend 6.can 7.will have been able to drive 8.can is able to 9.was able to 10.won't be able to can't 演练三：1.could2.couldn'tplay/wasn't able to play3.could teach/was able to teach4.can play/ is able to play 5.was able to score 6.can be/are able to be 7.will be able to join 8.will be able to become 9.can achieve /will be able to achieve 10.will be able to play 7