主谓一致就近和就远原则-2025-2026学年八年级英语下册语法知识点全解（仁爱版）

初二下仁爱版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 寒假专版 【专题】主谓一致（就近和就远原则） 语法专项突破 考频分析 初二下仁爱版中，主谓一致（就近和就远原则）是重点语法模块，考频占语法总量的15%左右，主 要分布在核心题型：单项选择(1-2题)、完形填空(2-3题)、语法填空(1-2题)。在语境理解类题 目中，就近原则和就远原则的灵活运用往往是解题关键。 考查内容 。就近原则：either.or.、neither..nor..、not only..but also.等结构中，谓语动词与最近的主语保持人 称和数的一致 ●就远原则：as well as、with、together with、along with、except、besides等结构中，谓语动词的单复 数由前面的主语决定 知识点一：主谓一致（就近和就远原则） 1.就近原则（谓语动词与靠近的主语保持一致） 1.适用结构：there be句型、not only.but also.、either.or.、neither.nor.. 2.例句： ·There is a book and two pens on the desk.(be动词与a book保持一致，用is) 。Not only she but also her parents like watching TV.(谓语动词与her parents保持一致，用like) 2.就远原则（谓语动词与较远的主语保持一致) I.适用结构：as well as、with、together with、along with、except、besides 2.例句： ·Tom as well as his friends plays basketball every weekend..(谓语动词与Tom保持一致，用plays) 。The teacher with her students is going to the park.(谓语动词与The teacher保持一致，用is) 初二下仁爱版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 知识点二：主谓一致（就近原则和就远原则） 1.就近原则（谓语动词与靠近的主语保持一致） 1.适用结构： 。there be句型 ●not only.but also.(不仅…而且…) 。either.0r.（要么…要么…) 。neither...nor.(既不…也不…) ●or(或者) 2.用法示例： ·There is a book and two pens on the desk.(靠近的主语a book是单数，用is) 。Not only he but also his parents are teachers.(靠近的主语his parents是复数，用are) ·Either you or I am wrong.（靠近的主语I是第一人称，用am) ·Neither the students nor the teacher knows the answer.（靠近的主语the teacher是三单，用kows) 。He or his friends go to the park every Sunday..(靠近的主语his friends是复数，用go) 2.就远原则（谓语动词与较远的主语保持一致） 1.适用结构 ·as well as(也) 。with(和…一起) ●along with(连同…一起) 。together with(和.一起) ·except(除了) ·besides(除…之外还有) 。including(包括) 2.用法示例： ●My father as well as my mother likes reading.(较远的主语My father是三单，用likes) ·The teacher with his students is playing basketball.(较远的主语The teacher是三单，用is) 。Tom,along with his siblings,has visited Beijing.(较远的主语Tom是三单，用has) ·She together with her parents goes shopping every weekend.(较远的主语She是三单，用goes) ·Everyone except Lucy and Lily was late for class.(较远的主语Everyone是单数，用was) 2 初二下仁爱版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 知识点三：就近原则与就远原则 1.就近原则（谓语动词与最近主语一致） 1.常见结构及例句（中考必背）： ·there be句型→There is a book and two pens on the desk.(桌上有一本书和两支笔。) 。either.or.(要么…要么…)→Either you or he has to finish the work.（要么你要么他必须完 成这项工作。) ●neither...nor..(既不…也不…)→Neither my parents nor I am interested in the movie.(我父母 和我都对这部电影不感兴趣。) 。not only..but also.(不仅…而且…)→Not only the students but also the teacher likes the song. (不仅学生们而且老师也喜欢这首歌。) 。or(或者)→He or his friends are going to the party.(他或者他的朋友们要去参加派对。) 2.就远原则（谓语动词与较远主语一致） 1.常见结构及例句（中考常考）： 。with(和·一起)→Tom with his classmates is playing football now.(汤姆和他的同学们正在踢 足球。) ·together with(连同一起)→She together with her family lives in Beijing.(她和她的家人一起 住在北京。) ·as well as(也；和)→My brother as well as I studies English every day..(我哥哥和我每天都学英 语。) ●besides(除…之外)→Besides my parents,my uncle also supports me.(除了我父母，我叔叔也 支持我。) ·except(除…之外)→Everyone except Lucy was late for class.(除了露西，所有人都上课迟到 了。) 3.特殊情况（中考易错) l.”分数/百分数+of+名词”结构→Three fourths of the water is clean.(四分之三的水是千净的。)（名 词为不可数名词，谓语用单数)：Two thirds of the students are boys.(三分之二的学生是男生。)（名 词为可数名词复数，谓语用复数) 2.”a number of+可数名词复数'与'the number of-+可数名词复数”一A number of birds are flying in the sky.(许多鸟在天空中飞。)（谓语用复数）；The number of the birds is about 100.(鸟的数量大约是 100只。)（谓语用单数） 3.”none of+名词”→None of the books are/is interesting.(这些书都没意思。)（可单可复，强调个体用 复数，强调整体用单数) 3 初二下仁爱版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 考法精析 考法一：主谓一致（就近原则） 核心：识别就近原则适用结构(there be句型、not only..but also.等)，选择与靠近主语一致的谓语 动词 真题1（语法填空）： Not only my brother but also I_(be)interested in music.We often listen to songs together. 答案：am 解析：由就近原则结构“Not only..but also.”可知，谓语动词与靠近的主语“I”保持一致，用am。 真题2（完形填空）： There-some milk and two eggs on the table.You can have them for breakfast. A.is B.are C.was D.were 答案：A 解析：由就近原则结构“there be句型”可知，谓语动词与靠近的主语“some milk”(不可数名词， 视为单数)保持一致，用iS:此处描述当前状态，用一般现在时。 考法二：主谓一致与非谓语动词结合 核心：根据主语单复数及非谓语动词功能（如作主语、宾语），判断谓语动词形式及非谓语动词正 确形式 真题1（语法填空）： Playing basketball_(be)good for health.He wants_(join)the school team. 答案：is;to join 解析：第一空“Playing basketball”为动名词作主语，表抽象动作，谓语用单数is;第二空“want” 后接动词不定式作宾语，故填to join。 真题2（单项选择)： Neither my parents nor my brotherinterested in_computer games. A.is;playing B.are;playing C.is;play D.are;play 答案：A 解析：第一空“neither..nor.”遵循就近原则，靠近谓语的“my brother”为单数，用is:第二空“be interested in”中in为介词，后接动名词playing,故选A。 考法三：主谓一致综合应用（就近原则、就远原则与特殊句式/集体名词结合） 核心：结合就近原则、就远原则及特殊句式（如there be句型)或集体名词的主谓一致规则，判断 复杂结构中的谓语动词形式。 真题1（单项选择）： Neither my parents nor my brother-to the Great Wall before.We plan to go there this summer. A.has been B.have been C.was D.were 答案：A 4 初二下仁爱版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 解析：本题考查就近原则和现在完成时。结构“neither..nor.”遵循就近原则，靠近谓语的主语“my brother'”是第三人称单数，排除B、D:由时间状语“before'”可知用现在完成时，结构为“has/have +过去分词”，故选A。 真题2（语法填空）： The class,along with their teacher,_(visit)the science museum next week.They are all excited about it. 答案：will visit 解析：本题考查就远原则和一般将来时。结构“along with”遵循就远原则，真正的主语“The class” 此处强调整体，视为单数；由时间标志词“next week”可知用一般将来时，结构为“will+动词原 形”，故填will visit。 解题小妙招 主谓一致妙招 就近原则看靠近，there be not only but also: 就远原则看主语，with together with要牢记： 集体名词看含义，整体单数个体复： 非谓作主要用单，动名不定皆可担： 动词搭配要记清，ejoy后接动名词： want need接不定，todo形式要分明： 主谓一致并不难，找准主语是关键。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择（共10题） 1.There_a pen and three books on the desk. A.is B.are C.am D.be 2.Not only my friends but also I interested in swimming. A.is B.are C.am D.be 3.My mother with my sister_to the supermarket every Sunday. A.go B.goes 5 初二下仁爱版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 C.going D.to go 4.English is important for us. A.Learn B.Learning C.To learn D.Learned 5.He enjoys basketball with his classmates after school. A.play B.plays C.playing D.to play 6.The class_having a meeting now.They are discussing their trip. A.is B.are C.was D.were 7.Two thirds of the students in our classfrom the countryside. A.is B.are C.comes D.come 8.Neither you nor he-late for school yesterday. A.is B.are C.was D.were 9.She studies hardpass the exam. A.to B.for C.of D.with 10.My father finishedthe work at 7 p.m.yesterday A.do B.does C.doing D.to do 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 6 初二下仁爱版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 1.There_(be)some milk and two apples in the fridge. 2.Not only Tom but also his parents(like)watching movies. 3.My brother as well as his friends_(play)football every weekend. 4.-(swim)is a good way to keep healthy. 5.She wants(buy)a new dress for her birthday. 6.The family(be)having dinner together now. 7.Three fourths of the water in the bottle_(be)drunk by him 8.He got up early(catch)the first bus. 9.They enjoy(listen)to music after class. 10.Neither I nor my sister_(be)good at singing. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） 1.Tom is a student in Grade 8.He loves sports and his favorite sport is basketball.1.(play)basketball not only makes him strong but also helps him make friends.Every Saturday,he and his classmates practice 2. (play)basketball for two hours. 2.Last week,Tom's class planned a trip.Not only his teacher but also his classmates3.-(be)excited about it.The class with their teacher 4.(decide)to visit the science museum.To prepare for the trip,they need 5.(collect)some information about the museum first. 3.There 6.(be)a lot of interesting things in the museum,such as robots and space exhibits.Tom hopes 7. -(learn)more about science there.He thinks the trip 8.(be)educational and fun. 4.On the day of the trip,neither Tom nor his best friend Mike 9.(be)late.They took a bus to the museum and spent the whole day 10.-(explore)the exhibits.Everyone had a great time! 答案区 演练-：1.A2.C3B4.B5.C6.B7.B8.C9.A10.C 演练二：1.is2.like3,plays4.Swimming5.to buy6.atre7.is8.to catch9..listening 10.is 1.Playing 2.playing 3.were 4.decided 5.to collect 6.are 7.to learn 8.will be/is9.was 10.exploring 7