不定式 to do -2025-2026学年八年级英语下册语法知识点全解（仁爱版）

初二下仁爱版 【语法专版】不定式全解 语法专版 【专题】不定式odo 语法专项突破 考频分析 初二仁爱版中，不定式tod0是重点语法模块，考频占句法总量的15%左右，贯穿试卷核心题型： 单项选择(2-3题)、完形填空(2-3题)、语法填空(1-2题)、书面表达（核心考察，直接影响句子 结构与表达准确性)。在语境理解类题目中，不定式的固定搭配、句法功能及与动名词的辨析往往 是解题关键。 考查内容 ·基本结构功能：不定式符号o与动词原形的组合特征，及物动词后接不定式作宾语的基础模式 。句法成分运用：不定式在句中作主语(It作形式主语的句式)、宾语、宾语补足语（接不带o的情 形除外)、定语（后置修饰名词）、目的状语的具体用法 ●固定搭配辨析：接不定式作宾语的动词（如want,decide,hope)、接不定式作宾补的动词（如tell, ask,allow),以及“疑问词+不定式”结构的应用 知识点一：不定式todo的基本结构及用法 1.基本结构(to+动词原形) 。肯定式：to+动词原形→例句：She wants to study English. 。否定式：not to+动词原形→例句：He told me not to open the window. 2.作主语（常用t作形式主语） 。直接作主语：To learn a foreign language is useful..(学习一门外语很有用。) ●形式主语it:It is important to finish homework on time.(按时完成作业很重要。) 3.作宾语（跟在及物动词后） ·常见动词：want(想要)、like(喜欢)、decide(决定)、hope(希望)→例句：I hope to visit Beijing next year..(我希望明年参观北京。) 4.作宾语补足语（跟在宾语后补充说明) 1 初二下仁爱版 【语法专版】不定式全解 ·常见动词：ask(要求)、tel(告诉)、want(想要)、teach(教)→例句：My mother asks me to clean my room.(妈妈让我打扫房间。) 5.作表语（放在系动词后) ●基本用法：主语+be+to do sth.→例句：Her dream is to be a teacher.(她的梦想是成为一名老 师。) 6.作目的状语（表示“为了…”) ·基本用法：位于句首或句中，说明动作目的→例句：He gets up early to catch the first bus..(他早 起是为了赶首班车。) 知识点二：不定式的句法功能及用法 1.作主语（表示具体动作或一件事) ·结构：To do sth.+谓语动词（常用单数） 例句： 1.To learn English well is important..(学好英语很重要。) 2.To help others makes me happy.(帮助别人让我开心。) 。注意：常用it作形式主语，避免头重脚轻，结构为It+be+形容词/名词+to do sth. 例句： 1.It is important to learn English well.(学好英语很重要。) 2.It is a good habit to read books every day.(每天读书是个好习惯。) 2.作宾语（跟在及物动词后，表动作内容) ·常见接不定式作宾语的动词：want(想要)、hope(希望)、decide(决定)、plan(计划)、try(尝 试)、leam(学习)、agree(同意) 例句： 1.She wants to buy a new bike.(她想买一辆新自行车。) 2.They decided to visit the museum tomorrow.(他们决定明天去参观博物馆。) ·部分动词后接“疑问词+todo”作宾语：what(什么)、how(如何)、where(哪里)、when(何 时) 例句： 1.He doesn't know how to solve the problem.(他不知道如何解决这个问题。) 2.Please tell me where to find the library.(请告诉我在哪里能找到图书馆。) 初二下仁爱版 【语法专版】不定式全解 3.作宾语补足语（补充说明宾语的动作或状态） ·常见接不定式作宾补的动词：ask(要求)、tell(告诉)、want(想要)、teach(教)、help(帮助， 可省略to)、allow（允许) 例句： l.My mother asks me to clean my room.(妈妈让我打扫房间。) 2.The teacher taught us to read English aloud.（老师教我们大声读英语。) ●注意：使役动词let/make/have和感官动词see/watch/hear/feel后接不定式作宾补时，需省略to(被 动语态中o要还原) 例句： l.Let him go now.(让他现在走。)→He is let to go now.（被动语态) 2.I saw her run in the park.(我看见她在公园里跑步。)→She was seen to run in the park.(被动 语态) 4.作表语（放在系动词后，说明主语的内容或性质） ·结构：主语+be+to do sth.(主语多为plan/dream/job等名词或what引导的从句) 例句： l.Her dream is to become a doctor..(她的梦想是成为一名医生。) 2.The first thing is to finish homework.(第一件事是完成作业。) 5.作定语（修饰名词，表动作或用途，放在名词后） ·结构：名词+to do sth.(不定式与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系，若不定式为不及物动词，需加介词) 例句： l.I have a lot of homework to do.(我有很多作业要做。)(do与homework是动宾关系) 2.She needs a pen to write with.（她需要一支笔写字。)(write是不及物动词，需加with) 6.作目的状语（表示动作的目的，常位于句首或句中) 。结构：To do sth.,主句/主句+to do sth. 例句： 1.To catch the early bus,he got up at6a.m.（为了赶上早班车，他早上6点起床。) 2.She studies hard to pass the exam.（她努力学习是为了通过考试。) ·同义结构：in order to do sth.(为了，更正式) 例句： l.He works hard in order to support his family.(他努力工作是为了养家。) 3 初二下仁爱版 【语法专版】 不定式全解 7.作状语（表示结果或原因，较少见） 。表结果：常用于only to do sth.（不料，结果却) 例句：He hurried to the station only to find the train had left.(他匆忙赶到车站，却发现火车已经开 走了。) 。表原因：常位于形容词后，说明原因 例句：I am sorry to hear that.(听到那件事我很难过。) 知识点三：不定式todo 1.不定式作宾语补足语（中考核心） 基础用法：动词+b.+od0(表示“命令、允许、期望某人做某事”) 。allow sb.todo(允许某人做)→例句：My parents allow me to watch TV for an hour. 。want sb.todo(想要某人做)→例句：She wants her brother to help her with math. 。teach sb.todo(教某人做)一例句：The teacher teaches us to draw pictures. ·encourage sb.todo(鼓励某人做)→例句：My friend encourages me to join the club 。invitesb.todo(邀请某人做)→例句：They invite us to visit their new house. 2.不定式作目的状语（中考常考） 结构：to do sth.(表示“为了做某事”，可位于句首或句末) ·To improve English,she reads English books every day..(为了提高英语，她每天读英语书。) ·He studies hard to get good grades..(他努力学习是为了取得好成绩。) 。We need to save money to buy a new car.(我们需要存钱买新车。) 3.不定式的省略与保留（中考易错） 结构：“动词+to”省略后面动词原形（避免重复前面已出现的动词） ·一Will you go to the party?一I'd love to.(我想去。)（省略go to the party) 。She didn't come,.but she hoped to.(她没来，但她希望来。)（省略come) ●My brother can't swim,but he wants to.(我弟弟不会游泳，但他想学。)（省略swim) 考法精析 考法一：不带o的不定式及被动还原to 初二下仁爱版 【语法专版】 不定式全解 核心：识别使役/感官动词后的不带to不定式，掌握被动语态中to的还原规则 真题1（语法填空）： We often hear her(sing)in the morning 答案：sing 解析：感官动词hear在主动语态中后接不带to的不定式，即hear sb.do sth.,故填动词原形sing。 真题2（单项选择）： The little boy was made_the piano for two hours yesterday. A play B to play Cplaying D played 答案：B 解析：使役动词make在主动语态中接不带to的不定式(make sb.do),但在被动语态中需还原to 结构为be made to do,故填to play。 考法二：不带0的不定式主动与被动转换 核心：判断使役/感官动词在主动语态中不带to的不定式结构，以及变为被动语态时需还原to的规 则 真题1（语法填空）： The little boy was seen_(cry)loudly in the street just now. 答案：tocy 解析：主动语态“see sb.do sth.”中不带to,变为被动语态“sb.be seen to do sth.”需还原to,故填 to cry. 真题2（单项选择）： My teacher made me_the text again,and I was made_it for an hour. A read to read B to readread Creadread D to read to read 答案：A 解析：主动语态“make sb.do sth.”后接不带to的原形read:被动语态“be made to do sth.”需还原 to,第二空填to read,故选A。 考法三：不定式的综合应用 核心：结合不定式的基本结构(to+动词原形/否定式)、句法功能（如作宾补、目的状语）及省略to 的特殊规则（如使役动词后）进行综合判断 真题1（单项选择)： My parents often tell metoo much time playing computer games. A.not to spend B.don't spend C.to not spend D.not spend 答案：A 解析：tel后接不定式作宾补，结构为“tell sb.not)to do sth.”,否定式在to前加not,故选A。 真题2（语法填空)： 初二下仁爱版 【语法专版】不定式全解 He got up early(catch)the first bus,but he still missed it. 答案：to catch 解析：此处需用不定式作目的状语，表示“为了赶首班车”，结构为“to+动词原形”，故填to catch。 解题小妙招 不带o不定式妙招 使役感官主动态，不带o是常态： 被动语态要还原，to字必须加回来： 主动结构“使/看sbdo”,原形直接跟上来： 被动“sb be made/seen to do”,to后动词原形在； 疑问词后接不定式，主动被动看逻辑： 牢记主动省to、被动加to,解题细节不意外。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题 1.My father often tells me too much time on computer games. A not to spend B to not spend C don't spend D not spend 2.The students were askedtheir homework before class. A finish B to finish C finishing D finished 3.We saw him_into the classroom quietly just now. A walk B to walk C walked D walking 4.It's important for us English well. A learn B learning C to learn D learned 5.She decided to the party with her friends. A go B going C to go D went 6.The little girl was madethe piano for an hour every day. A play B to play C playing D played 7.Why not-a walk after dinner?It's good for your health. A take B to take Ctaking D took 8.I don't know this math problem.Can you help me? A how solve b how to solve C to how solve d solve 9.My mother wants me_vegetables every day. A eat B to eat C eating D ate 6 初二下仁爱版 【语法专版】 不定式全解 10.He get up early the first bus. A catch B to catch C catching D caught 演练二：填空试题 1.He hopes(visit)the Great Wall next summer. 2.My teacher told us(not be)late for class 3.We often hear birds(sing)in the tree in the morning. 4.It's kind_you to help me with my homework.(用for/of填空) 5.The work needs_(finish)before Friday. 6.She learned_(swim)when she was five years old. 7.Let him(clean)the classroom alone. 8.They plan (have)a picnic next weekend. 9.The boy was seen(run)out of the room just now. 10.Would you like(drink)some coffee? 演练三：语法填空试题 Tom is a student in Grade 8.He loves English and wants 1(improve)it.His teacher often tells him 2(read)English aloud every morning.Yesterday,Tom forgot 3(bring)his textbook to school.His friend Lily let him 4(use)hers.In class,the teacher asked Tom 5_(answer)a question.He was nervous but tried6(speak)clearly.After class,Tom decided 7(spend)more time on English.He wants8(join) the English club.His mother hopes he 9(become)a good student.Tom knows it's important 10(study) hard,so he will keep trying. 答案区 演练-：1.A2B3.A4.C5.C6.B7.A8.B9B10B 1.to visit 2.not to be 3.sing 4.of 5.to be finished 6.to swim 7.clean 8.to have 9.to run 10.to drink 1.to improve 2.to read 3.to bring 4.use 5.to answer 6.to speak 7.to spend 8.to join 9.to become 10.to study 7