被动语态入门一现和一过的被动语态-2025-2026学年八年级英语下册语法知识点全解（仁爱版）

初二下仁爱版 【语法专版】 被动语态入门 语法专版 【专题】被动语态入门（一现和一过的被动 语态) 语法专项突破 考频分析 初二下仁爱版中，被动语态入门（一现和一过的被动语态）是基础语法模块，考频占语法总量的 10%左右，涉及试卷主要题型：单项选择(1-2题)、完形填空(1-2题)、语法填空(1-2题)、书面 表达（基础考察，影响句子表达多样性）。在语境应用类题目中，被动语态的结构辨析及时态匹配 往往是解题关键。 考查内容 。时态与语态：一般现在时被动语态、一般过去时被动语态的基本结构与语境匹配，主动语态与被动 语态的转换 知识点一：一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态 1.被动语态基本结构(be+及物动词过去分词) 。一般现在时被动语态：am/is/are+过去分词 ·例句：(I)English is spoken in many countries.(主语为第三人称单数，用is+spoken)(2)These books are read by students every day..(主语为复数，用are+read) 2.一般过去时被动语态 ·结构：was/were+过去分词 ·例句：(I)The letter was written by Tom yesterday.（主语为单数，用was+written)(2)The trees were planted last spring.(主语为复数，用were+planted) 3.主动语态变被动语态步骤 ·步骤：(1)将主动句宾语变为主语(2)谓语动词变为b+过去分词”（根据时态调整be动词）(3)主 动句主语前加by(可省略) 1 初二下仁爱版 【语法专版】 被动语态入门 ·例句：主动：She cleans the room every day.→被动：The room is cleaned(by her)every day.(一般现 在时，主语单数用is+cleaned) 4.特殊句式转换 ·否定句：在be动词后加not→例句：This song isn't sung by him.(一般现在时否定句) ·疑问句：将be动词提前→例句：Was the homework finished yesterday?(一般过去时疑问句，was提 前) 知识点二：被动语态的特殊结构与用法 1.带有情态动词的被动语态（表达能力、许可、必要性等) ·常见情态动词：can（能、会)、may(可以)、nust(必须)、should(应该)、need(需要) ·结构：主语+情态动词+be+动词过去分词 。例句： 1.The work can be finished in an hour.(can be+finish的过去分词finished) 2.This book may be borrowed from the library.(may be+borrow的过去分词borrowed) 3.Rules must be followed by everyone.(must be+follow的过去分词followed) 2.感官动词和使役动词的被动语态（主动语态省略t0的情况) ·常见动词：see(看见)、hear(听见)、make(使、让)、watch（观看)、let(让) ·主动语态结构：主语+感官动词/使役动词+宾语+动词原形（不带o) .(1)We saw her dance in the park.(see sb.do sth.)(2)The teacher made him clean the classroom. (make sb.do sth.) ·被动语态结构：主语+be+感官动词/使役动词的过去分词+to+动词原形 。例句：(I)She was seen to dance in the park by us.(be seen to do;see的过去分词seen)(2)He was made to clean the classroom by the teacher.(be made to do;make的过去分词made) 3.被动语态的否定句和疑问句（基础句式转换） ·否定句结构：主语+be动词/情态动词+not+过去分词(be动词/情态动词与not缩写) ·例句：(I)English is not spoken by everyone here.(isnot可缩写为isn't)(2)The task cannot be completed today.(can not可缩写为cant) 。一般疑问句结构：be动词/情态动词+主语+过去分词+其他？ ·例句：(1)Is this song sung by a famous singer?(be动词is提前)(2)Can the homework be handed in tomorrow?(情态动词can提前) 初二下仁爱版 【语法专版】 被动语态入门 ·特殊疑问句结构：特殊疑问词+b动词情态动词+主语+过去分词+其他？ 。例句：(I)When was the bridge built'?(特殊疑问词when+was+主语+built)(2)How can this problem be solved?(特殊疑问词how+can+主语+solved) 4.无被动语态的情况（主动形式表被动意义) ·不及物动词（无宾语，无法被动）：happen(发生)、appear(出现)、disappear(消失)、arrive(到达) ·例句：(I)The accident happened last night.(happen无被动，主动表被动意义)(2)Spring has arrived.. (arrive无被动) ·系动词（表示状态，无被动）：look(看起来)、sound(听起来)、smell(闻起来)、taste(尝起来)、 feel(摸起来) 。例句：(1)The flowers smell sweet..(smell系动词，主动表被动意义)(2)The cloth feels soft.(feel系 动词) ·某些固定搭配（主动结构表被动含义）：be worth doing(值得做)、need doing(需要被做) ·例句：(I)This book is worth reading.(主动形式reading表被动意义)(2)The bike needs repairing.(主 动形式repairing表被动意义，相当于needs to be repaired) 知识点三：被动语态的基本结构与用法 1.一般现在时被动语态 ·基本结构（核心公式）：主语+am/is/are+及物动词过去分词(V-ed) 。例句： 1.English is spoken by many people around the world.(英语被全世界很多人说。) 2.The classroom is cleaned every day.(教室每天被打扫。) 3.These books are written for children.(这些书是为儿童写的。) ·句式转换： 1.否定句：主语+am/is/are+not+V-ed→The door isn't opened by him.(门没被他打开。) 2.一般疑问句：Am/Is/Are+主语+Ved?→Is the letter sent to your father?(这封信寄给你爸爸了 吗？) 2.一般过去时被动语态 。基本结构（核心公式）：主语+was/were+及物动词过去分词(V-ed) 。例句： l.The Great Wall was built hundreds of years ago.(长城是几百年前被建造的。) 3 初二下仁爱版 【语法专版】 被动语态入门 2.My bike was stolen last night..(我的自行车昨晚被偷了。) 3.They were invited to the party yesterday..(他们昨天被邀请去派对了。) 。句式转换： l.否定句：主语+was/were+not+V-ed→The meeting wasn't held last week.(会议上周没被举 行。) 2.一般疑问句：Was/Were+主语+V-ed?→Were the flowers watered by you?(花是你浇的吗？) 3.主动语态变被动语态（中考重点） 。转换步骤： 1.找宾语（动作承受者）→作被动句主语 2.谓语动词变为be+Ved'(时态与主动句一致) 3.原主语前加by(可省略，强调动作发出者时保留) 。例句： l.主动句：Tom cleans the room every day.(汤姆每天打扫房间。)→被动句：The room is cleaned (by Tom)every day.(房间每天被（汤姆）打扫。) 2.主动句：She bought a new book yesterday..(她昨天买了一本新书。)→被动句：A new book was bought(by her)yesterday..(一本新书昨天被（她）买了。) 考法精析 考法一：一般现在时与一般过去时被动语态结构辨析 核心：根据主语单复数及时间标志词，判断be动词形式并正确使用过去分词 真题1（语法填空）： These books_(read)by students every day. 答案：are read 解析：由时间标志词“every day”可知用一般现在时被动语态；主语“These books”为复数，be动 词用are,read的过去分词为read。 真题2（单项选择）： The letterby Tom yesterday. A is written B was written C were written D are written 答案：B 解析：由时间标志词“yesterday”可知用一般过去时被动语态；主语“The letter”为单数，be动词 用was,write的过去分词为written。 考法二：主动被动转换与情态动词结合 初二下仁爱版 【语法专版】 被动语态入门 核心：将主动语态的情态动词句式转换为被动语态，注意情态动词后接b+过去分词的结构 真题1（句型转换)： We must finish the project before Friday.(改为被动语态) 答案：The project must be finished before Friday 解析：主动句中情态动词must后接动词原形finish,变为被动语态时，结构为”情态动词+be+过 去分词'，finish的过去分词为finished,主语the project是动作承受者，byus可省略。 真题2（单项选择)： This difficult problem can solve by Tom A.solve B.be solved C.solved D.is solved 答案：B 解析：主语problem是动作solve的承受者，应用被动语态；情态动词can后接be+过去分词，solve 的过去分词为solved,故选B。 考法三：被动语态的综合运用与转换 核心：结合时态、情态动词及主动被动转换规则，在语境中正确运用被动语态 真题1（单项选择）： These old photos by my father when he was young.They are very precious. A.take B.took C.were taken D.are taken 答案：C 解析：主语“these old photos”是动作“take”的承受者，需用被动语态；由时间状语“when he was young”可知，用一般过去时被动语态，结构为“were+过去分词”，tae的过去分词为taken。 真题2（语法填空）： The classroom-(clean)every day.We must keep it tidy. 答案：is cleaned 解析：主语“the classroom”是动作“clean'”的承受者，用被动语态；由时间标志词“every day”可 知，用一般现在时被动语态，主语为单数，be动词用is,clean的过去分词为cleaned。 解题小妙招 时态语态妙招 时态判断看标志，没有标志品语境： 主动结构记“主谓”，被动必带“be和done”; 被动中be最关键，记住be就OK; 一现被动“am/is/are”,一过被动“was/were”; 情态被动加“be done”,can may must后不变； 使役动词变被动，to字还原莫忘记： 初二下仁爱版 【语法专版】 被动语态入门 综合运用看时态，语境之中辨主动。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题) 1.Englishin many countries. A am spoken B is spoken C are spoken D was spoken 2.The trees last spring. A plant B planted C was planted D were planted 3.This songby him every morning. A isn't sung B wasn't sung C aren't sung D weren't sung 4.the homework finished yesterday? AIs B Are C Was D Were 5.The work be finished today. A must B must be C must is D must are 6.Can this book_out of the library? A take B takes C be taken D was taken 7.Sheto enter the room by us yesterday. A saw B was seen C is seen D was saw 8.Many trees_in the park every spring A plant B planted C are planted D were planted 9.The old photos by my father when he was young. A took B were taken C are taken D was taken 10.Students_to finish homework on time by teachers. A must make B must be made C must made D must be make 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.These books_(read)by students every day. 2.The letter(write)by Tom yesterday. 3.This task_(should not do)by him. 4.She(see)to leave the office just now. 5.Mobile phones(not allow)in the library. 6.Anew school_(build)in our town last year. 6 初二下仁爱版 【语法专版】 被动语态入门 7.The bike(need repair)because it's broken. 8.The window_(break)by a stone yesterday. 9.This machine_(use)to clean the floor every week 10.The Great Wall(build)thousands of years ago. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空) Last month,a new library-(open)in our school.It_(visit)by many students every day.The books in the library_(keep)in good order by the librarians.Last Friday,I(tell)to return my borrowed books on time.The rules say that books(not take)out of the library without permission Yesterday,a special activity-(hold)in the library.Some old photos-(show)to us.They-(take)by our teachers when they were young.A student asked,"Can we take photos here?"The librarian answered,"No, photos(not take)in the reading room."Everyone agreed that the library(must protect)by all of us. 答案区 演练-：1B2.D3.A4.C5B6.C7B8.C9.B10B 1.are read 2.was written 3.shouldn't be done 4.was seen 5.aren't allowed 6.was built 7.needs repairing/to be repaired 8.was broken 9.is used 10.was built 1.was opened 2.is visited 3.are kept 4.was told 5.can't be taken 6.was held 7.were shown 8.were taken 9.can't be taken 10.must be protected 7