易错18 阅读理解·推理判断（4大易错点+易错闯关训练）（易错专练）（全国通用）2026年高考英语二轮复习讲练测

易错18 阅读理解·推理判断（4大易错点+易错闯关训练） 目 录 第一部分 易错点剖析 1 易错典题 避错攻略 举一反三 易错01 推断观点态度：主观臆断忽略特定动词或形容词 1 易错02 推断写作意图：忽略文章结构和关键词 3 易错03 推断文章出处：忽略文章首尾段关键信息 5 易错04 推断隐含意义：不能提炼当事人言外之意 8 第二部分 易错点闯关 10 易错01 推断观点态度：主观臆断忽略特定动词或形容词 易错典题 【例1】(2024全国甲卷阅读理解C篇第31题) Doctors see up to 150 patients every day. The train's equipment allows for basic checkups. “I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned,” says Ducke.“They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want.” 31. What is Ducke's attitude toward the Saint Lukas' services? A. Appreciative. B. Doubtful. C. Ambiguous. D. Cautious. 避错攻略 【干货必记】态度推断题易错点拨 此类试题往往让考生推断文章作者或文中人物对某事所持的观点、态度或看法或推断文中人物的语气、性格等。观点和态度一般分为三大类：①支持、赞同、乐观；②客观、中立、公正；③反对、批评、怀疑、悲观。在推断过程中，考生应特别注意文中作者的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词或副词。 【错因分析】 1. 选项中的观点态度类词意辨析不清； 2. 原文中表达作者观点、态度的形容词和副词词义； 3. 未能从所列举的例子中理解作者真正表达的意思。 举一反三 1.（25-26高三上·河北衡水·期末）Given its potential benefits and significant risks, solar geoengineering requires cautious evaluation. Governments, scientists, and global organizations should cooperate to conduct thorough research, assess its long-term impacts, and establish strict regulatory frameworks before any large-scale implementation. 1．What’s the author’s attitude to dimming the Sun? A．Supportive. B．Opposed. C．Objective. D．Doubtful. 2.（2026·贵州遵义·二模）Dark chocolate, which has more cocoa, is often advertised as healthier and even as a health-booster, which can weaken all kinds of problems, from high blood pressure to depression, while improving mental sharpness. Many studies, often paid for by chocolate manufacturers, suggest this may be true. Regrettably, the best research disproves the idea. Dark chocolate’s claimed benefits are due to compounds called flavanols (黄烷醇), which are particularly abundant in cocoa. In controlled trials, researchers have looked at the health effects of capsules containing flavanols, as well as of consuming flavanol-rich foods such as cocoa products, coffee and berries. Some trials have found beneficial effects, for example on blood pressure. But these trials typically last just a few weeks, so they may not reflect the consequences of sustained consumption. 2．What is the author’s attitude towards the claimed benefits of dark chocolate? A．Supportive. B．Ambiguous. C．Skeptical. D．Indifferent. 3.（25-26河南青桐鸣联考高三1月联考）I openly acknowledge the imperfections of the medical profession, including occasional instances of overconfidence, insensitivity and human error. However, today’s doctors — especially younger generations — bring greater awareness of diverse patient needs, strong communication abilities and a genuine commitment to using AI to improve care quality. The path forward doesn’t lie in replacing doctors with AI, but in building good teamwork between the two. Blease’s call for full doctor replacement is shortsighted. True healthcare progress depends on using AI to boost, not replace, the human kindness, clinical skills, knowledge, and contextual understanding — the qualities that define effective, patient-centered medicine. 3．What is the author’s attitude toward Blease’s core argument? A．Fully supportive. B．Strongly critical. C．Mildly doubtful. D．Totally indifferent. 易错02 推断写作意图：忽略文章结构和关键词 易错典题 【例2】(2024新课标II卷阅读理解D篇) Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革). In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码)that powers AI... As we soon come to learn from AI by Design，... AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it. 35．What is the author's purpose in writing the text? A．To recommend a book on AI. B．To give a brief account of AI history. C．To clarify the definition of AI. D．To honor an outstanding AI expert. 避错攻略 【干货必记】写作意图题易错点拨 考生应根据文章的论述，揣测作者的写作意图和写作手法。作者一般不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实，客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点。这就要求考生不但要理解文章的主旨大意，而且要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行归纳总结和分析的能力。如，广告是作者要推销一种产品或一种服务：吸引更多的游客﹑读者或订户﹑观众等。议论文是为了说服读者接受或赞同某一观点。 举一反三 1. （25-26高三上·陕西榆林·期末）“Outdoor play is essential for children’s growth and development. We need to take effective steps to encourage outdoor activities and ensure children lead healthy and active lives. Simple measures, such as creating play-friendly residential areas and safer urban environments where families can relax, exercise, socialize, and play, can make a significant difference. But it’s important to remember cultural differences and engage with communities to make these initiatives successful,” the lead researcher, Dr. Mark Ferguson, said. 1．What is the main purpose of Dr. Mark Ferguson’s words? A．To encourage people to go outside more frequently. B．To emphasize the benefits of outdoor play for children. C．To provide tips for promoting children’s outdoor activities. D．To call on people to take action to protect children’s safety. 2. （2026·重庆沙坪坝·一模）Imagine dining at your favorite restaurant, seated at the best table — next to a window with great views. It is nice and quiet, but the joy experienced during the first hour fades over time. The reason?Habituation. That’s our brain’s tendency to respond less and less to things that are constant, that don’t change. Briefly moving to a noisier area can bring about dishabituation, making the luxury of your window seat feel fresh and more appreciated when you return. 2．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To explain how to avoid habituation in daily life. B．To introduce the concept of habituation and its influences. C．To compare people’s reactions to pleasant and unpleasant things. D．To present research findings on holiday and work experience. 3. （2026·贵州·模拟预测）At 102 years old, the American neurologist has lived a life so extraordinary that it earned him a Guinness World Record as the oldest practicing doctor. Though he officially hung up his white coat at 100, Howard Tucker remains as active and engaged as ever. Today, he lectures future physicians at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio, and consults on medico-legal cases. “Retirement, I think, is the enemy of longevity,” Dr. Tucker recently told Today. “You have to have some purpose in life and get up in the morning and know what you’re about.” Even after the hospital where he worked shut its doors in 2022, ending his medical practice at 100, it hasn’t prevented Tucker from returning to clinical work. “If it wasn’t for the closure, I’d absolutely still be seeing patients,” he told People. “Nobody wants me at my age—but I’ll keep trying.” His enthusiasm for life has captured the public imagination, especially through What’s Next, a documentary about his life produced by his grandson. Dr. Tucker credits his longevity not just to good genes—his parents lived to 84 and 96—but to lifestyle choices. “Heredity and family history of longevity is a healthy start,” he said. “However, it must be supported by moderation of nutrition, alcohol and happiness.” His daily routine reflects that philosophy. He snowshoes in the winter, walks on the running machine for at least four kilometres a day, and eats a mostly clean diet. Dr. Tucker also says it’s important to keep the brain stimulated. “If they retire from their work, they should at least do something as a hobby,” he told Today. “You need a stimulus for the brain daily.” For a man who’s devoted his life to healing others, Dr. Howard Tucker’s greatest lesson might be how to truly live. 3．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To encourage delayed retirement. B．To show the secret of long career. C．To share a doctor’s life philosophy. D．To enhance public health awareness. 易错03 推断文章出处：忽略文章首尾段关键信息 易错典题 【例3】(2023·新高考全国卷Ⅱ阅读C片段) Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world.The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being. In artists' representations of books and reading, we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time. In this “book of books,” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses—absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to. 28．Where is the text most probably taken from? A．An introduction to a book. B．An essay on the art of writing. C．A guidebook to a museum. D．A review of modern paintings. 避错攻略 【干货必记】文章出处题易错点拨 读者需要具备一定的生活常识，对报纸、杂志、网络、科普、小说、广告、说明书、旅游指南等有基本的了解，才能根据文章的特点对号入座，选出正确的答案。有时命题者为了增加试题的难度，特殊的格式或日期可能不出现，这时需要根据文章的题材内容进行推断。如，发布新闻，最可能是出现在报纸上；如果是科普读物，可能是出自科普杂志上。 举一反三 1.（25-26高三上·山西太原·月考）As hurtful as it can be for a friend or partner to put us down, it is far worse when we find a critic in our own head that keeps criticizing and doubting ourselves. To break free from the self-criticism, and achieve inner peace and self-acceptance, an extremely important step is to understand the three “parts” of us: the inner critic, the inner victim and the inner observer. The inner critic sits deeply within our sense of ourselves. ... On the other hand, the inner observer is a kind of self-awareness. ... Having recognized the dynamics among the three “parts” of us, we can start to break free from self-criticism. First, reflect on why the child-self so often feels bad in the upsetting present-day situations. Then, respond to the child-self’s pain with sympathy and compassion. Once the child-self’s pain is addressed, we are able to question or even free ourselves from self-criticism. Though it may be a long process from self-criticism to self-acceptance, in the end, we can find greater inner peace and build a happier relationship with ourselves. To learn more about how to comfort the child-self, let’s watch this brief video, Healing Your Inner Child, now. 1．Where is the text most probably taken from? A．A textbook. B．A psychology lecture. C．An advertisement. D．An introduction to a video. 2. （25-26高三上·山西太原·期末）As a writer specializing in psychology and human cognition (认知) ,I’ve explored countless tricks to boost brainpower. Yet, few have proven as surprisingly effective as the ancient practice of illeism. Politicians often use this device to sound more objective, as Julius Caesar did in his account of the Gallic War, writing “Caesar avenged (为……报仇) the public” instead of “I avenged the public.” Simply put, illeism is the act of referring to oneself in the third person instead of the first person. Talking about yourself this way might sound overly formal or unusual to modern ears, but science says it works wonders. When tough decisions come knocking, speaking in the third person can help you stay calm, cutting through those messy emotions that often cloud our judgment. It’s like giving your brain a little space to see the big picture. Research by Igor Grossmann at the University of Waterloo shows that we’re naturally better at being “wise” when dealing with other people’s problems than our own. This is known as Solomon’s Paradox (悖论), which explains why giving your best friend advice is a breeze (微风), but solving your own is a drama. Can illeism help solve this paradox? Grossmann’s research suggests it can. By shifting to the third person, we step back from our negative emotions and gain another perspective. Studies show that people who tried this displayed more modesty — basically, they made clearer decisions and leveled up their wisdom game. One study even found that participants who journaled in the third person for a month started seeing everyday situations in a whole new light. They also reported feeling less stressed and more positive. I’ve tried it myself, and honestly, it works! Whether it’s challenging work decisions, family dilemmas, or handling friendships, this little mental shift has helped me see things more clearly and act more thoughtfully. Sure, it might sound a little odd at first, but it’s incredibly effective. If you’ re looking for a fun, easy way to clear your head, why not give it a shot? Who knows— you might just discover your inner Caesar. 2．Where is this text probably taken from? A．A psychology blog. B．A historical biography. C．A self-help guide. D．A scientific journal. 3. （24-25高三上·广西河池·期末）Pat the Bunny the 1940 classic touch-and-feel book, is still in print, which shows the value of touch in helping babies and young children get into the world of reading. Later, when children reach school age, a common technique for teaching the alphabet (字母表) is using hands-on handling, such as forming letters out of clay. But as these students get older, the role of touch reduces, which is bad for the students. Today’s reading assignments are heavily digital, and use of computer keyboards for writing shows no sign of decreasing, especially given the appeal of AI tools for editing and composing. I’m a linguist (语言学家) who investigates the differences between print and digital reading and how writing supports thinking. My colleague Anne Mangen and I asked more than 500 secondary students at an international school in Amsterdam about their experiences when reading print versus digital texts. Separately, I surveyed 100 university students and young adults in the US and Europe on their likes and dislikes about handwriting versus typing. Together, their responses demonstrate that teenagers and young adults continue to value touch in their encounters with the written word. The research offers important lessons for educators and parents. In the studies, students wrote enthusiastically about touch when asked for the one thing they liked most about reading in print or writing by hand. On a physical level, the feeling of holding a book or writing instrument in their hands mattered to students. These are some of their observations: “You actually feel like you are reading because the book is in your hands,” and “I like feeling the paper and pen under my hands, being able to physically form words.” What students say about the importance of touch mirrors what researchers have found: Touch is an effective way to build early reading and writing skills, as well as to support how more developed readers and writers interact with the written word. Psychologists and reading specialists continue to report higher comprehension in children and young adults when reading in print versus digitally, for both academic and leisure reading. 3．Where can we read the text? A．In a book review. B．In a guidebook. C．In a science magazine. D．In a dictionary. 易错04 推断隐含意义：不能提炼言外之意 易错典题 【例4】(2024新课标II卷第30题) We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm(BMF) shortens it even more. BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens. ... Moreover, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions(排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment. BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic.“We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. 30. What can be concluded about BMF employees? A. They have a great passion for sports. B. They are devoted to community service. C. They are fond of sharing daily experiences. D. They have a strong environmental awareness. 【干货必记】隐含推断题易错点拨 隐含推断题主要考查考生对特定信息、全篇、全段或上下文逻辑关系的判断，结合相关信息的暗示，准确理解文章寓意或隐含的深层意义的能力。一般题干主要包括六个动词：infer (推断)、indicate (象征；暗示)、imply (暗示)、suggest (暗示)、conclude (得出结论)、assume (假定；设想)。 举一反三 1.（25-26高三上·广东肇庆·期末） Mr Wratten, who represents people who travel for work, does not mourn (哀伤) the road warriors. He thinks that travel has become more purposeful and determined. Companies have become more concerned about the health and happiness of their employees, and that concern extends to travel. Mr Wratten notes that firms increasingly tolerate or even encourage staff to take their partners on business trips. This would surely shock Vic Wilcox. 1．What can we infer from Mr Wratten’s words? A．Business travel will soon disappear. B．Modern business travel is more human-centered. C．Companies used to ignore employees’ travel safety. D．Vic Wilcox enjoys taking his wife on business trips. 2.（25-26高三上·辽宁·期末）This year’s big winner was a 1,200-pound bear called “Chunk”. At the beginning of the summer, many people were worried about Chunk, since he had a broken jaw — probably from a fight. But somehow Chunk managed to keep eating and putting on weight. Chunk’s ability to gain weight means more than just winning the contest — it’s a strong sign that he’ll be able to survive despite his broken jaw. 2．What did Chunk’s victory imply? A．He was the most adorable bear. B．He weighed the most in the contest. C．He was the heaviest bear ever recorded in the park. D．He gained most weight in spite of his broken jaw. 3.（25-26高三上·山东德州·月考）Two psychologists, Matthew McGlone and Jessica Tofighbakhsh, investigated this phenomenon. They presented their participants with a series of aphorisms — some are rhymed; others not. They discovered that not only did participants aesthetically (审美上) prefer the rhymed sentences, but they more often considered them more accurate. Despite participants agreeing that aesthetic qualities don’t represent truth, they couldn’t avoid their own prejudice. This led the team to remember the poet John Keats’ line: “Beauty is truth; truth beauty.” 3．What can be concluded from Matthew and Jessica’s findings? A．Aesthetic qualities help clarify the fact. B．People tend to ignore precision in rhymes. C．Rhymed sentences are usually less trustworthy. D．Aesthetic qualities likely conflict with people’s judgments. 01（25-26高三上·江苏苏州·期末）For decades, computer science students have been taught a central skill: using computers to solve problems. In practice, that has meant programming or writing code to tell a machine how to perform tasks. Now, generative artificial intelligence tools like ChatGPT can write those programs themselves, producing code in much the same way they write essays. A student can ask ChatGPT to write a program that sorts a list of numbers and get a working answer in seconds. This new capability is transforming how computer scientists get work done. Even non-programmers suddenly have the ability to create their own software tools. This may feel like a threat to some coders’ profession. It certainly marks a significant shift for computer scientists and those who educate them. The future of computer science education is to teach students how to master the skill of supervision (监管). Why? Because the speed and efficiency of using AI to write code is balanced by the reality that it often gets things wrong. These tools are designed to produce results that look convincing, but they may still contain errors. There is still a need for humans to play a role in coding — a supervisory one, in which programmers oversee the use of AI tools, determine if AI-generated code does what it is supposed to do and make repairs to faulty code. But today’s computer science education still focuses on coding as the primary activity. And worryingly, some students are using AI tools to finish their assignments without learning or understanding how the code actually works. Most education doesn’t yet emphasize the skills critical for programming supervision. New developers with less than a year’s experience can actually be less efficient with AI tools than without, because they are missing critical skills and knowledge needed to evaluate and correct what the AI produces. The rise of generative AI should sharpen our focus on what truly matters in computer science education: helping students develop the habits of mind that let them question, reason and apply judgment in a rapidly developing field. As the AI pioneer Herbert Simon once advised: “Learning results from what the student does and thinks, and only from what the student does and thinks.” 1．What can generative AI tools do in programming? A．Teach students how to code. B．Produce code without errors. C．Write programs following instructions. D．Take the place of experienced coders. 2．The author thinks computer science education should primarily develop students’ ability of ______. A．supervising and correcting AI-generated code B．programming or writing code to perform tasks C．coding or decoding speedily and efficiently D．understanding and using AI tools independently 3．How does the author support his argument in paragraph 4? A．By providing statistics. B．By presenting facts. C．By clarifying a concept. D．By making a prediction. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing this text? A．To criticize the traditional teaching approaches. B．To urge a change in computer science education. C．To emphasize the importance of efficient learning. D．To show AI tools cannot replace human teachers. 02（25-26高三上·山东·期末）From pesticides to paint smells, the importance of keeping clear of hidden harmful substances during pregnancy (怀孕) is well-documented. But according to a new study, it’s not only expecting parents who need to be aware of toxins (毒素) that pose a silent risk to their family’s health. New research published in Liver International has linked severe liver damage to contact with tetrachloroethylene (PCE), a chemical widely used in dry-cleaning products, as well as common household cleaning items. Scientists examined blood samples from study participants, of which about 7% had detectable levels of PCE. Compared to their counterparts, this group was three times more likely to have significant liver fibrosis, a condition that can progress to both liver cancer and liver failure. The risk increases with greater exposure, and workers in dry-cleaning facilities may face the highest risk. PCE is a man-made chemical that’s been around since the 1940s, according to Gerome Burke, a medical toxicologist. “Its most famous use was as the primary chemical in dry cleaning,” Dr. Burke says. More recently, PCE has become a common ingredient in many consumer products, including spot removers and stainless steel polishes. “Effective as it is, PCE can cause neurological effects, including headaches,” Dr. Burke says. Previous research also shows early PCE exposure is linked to a higher risk of developing certain cancers later in life. What’s worse, this toxin could be quietly polluting our surroundings as well, from the air we breathe to the water we drink. Kids are more vulnerable (易受伤害的) because their bodies are still developing and they have more contact with polluted surfaces. Families can reduce PCE-related health risks through practical steps, according to experts. Check product labels and avoid those that list PCE. When using potentially PCE-containing cleaners, opening windows is recommended. For dry-cleaning, go for safer, PCE-free alternatives like “wet cleaning”. After cleaning, always remove the plastic wrap and air them out in a space with good air flow before bringing them indoors. It is equally important to store risky products away from kids. These small actions significantly reduce the chronic, low-level PCE exposures that are most closely associated with health risks. 1．What does paragraph 1 imply about public health awareness? A．It focuses on natural threats. B．It should cover a wider population. C．It prioritizes pregnant individuals. D．It targets detectable toxic substances. 2．Why does the author mention children’s situation? A．To show their ongoing bodily growth. B．To call for immediate action. C．To explain PCE’s impact on the brain. D．To stress PCE’s widespread effect. 3．What’s the last paragraph mainly about? A．PCE’s harms to children. B．Rules of dry-cleaning industries. C．PCE’s daily applications. D．Measures to reduce PCE exposure. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．PCE: From Workplace to Home Threat B．Household Dangers and Children’s Safety C．A Hidden Home Threat and Your Defense D．Pregnant Women: The Highest Risk Group 03（25-26高三上·河北邢台·期末）To average people, it must seem as if the field of artificial intelligence (AI) is making great progress. Even a high-level manager in a high-tech company went so far as to think that the attempt to create AI that has the flexibility and resourcefulness of human intelligence — known as artificial general intelligence, or AGI, has reached a point where the game is over. Don’t be fooled. Machines may someday be as smart as people and perhaps even smarter, but the game is far from over. There is still a large amount of work to be done in making machines that truly can comprehend and reason about the world around them. What we need right now is less posturing and more basic research. At present, AI is making progress — synthetic (合成的) images look more and more realistic, and speech recognition can often work in noisy environments — but we are still likely decades away from general-purpose and human-level AI that can understand the true meanings of articles and videos or deal with unexpected obstacles and interruptions. The field is stuck on precisely the same challenges that academic scientists have been pointing out for years: getting AI to be reliable and getting it to cope with unusual circumstances. Unfortunately, the fact that these systems still fail to work reliably and struggle with novel circumstances is usually buried in the fine print. One system, for instance, worked well on all the tasks the high-tech company reported but rarely as well as other contemporary systems. Although deep learning has advanced the ability of machines to recognize patterns in data, it has three major faults. The patterns that it learns are superficial (表面的), not conceptual. The results it creates are hard to interpret and difficult to use in the context of other processes, such as memory and reasoning. As Harvard University computer scientist Leslie Valiant noted, “The central challenge going forward is to unify the formulation (规划) of learning and reasoning.” Given these limitations, it’s time for AI researchers to concentrate on building systems that can learn and reason, not just chase media attention. 1．How does the author develop paragraph 1? A．By providing statistics. B．By making assumptions. C．By supporting the average people’s views. D．By contrasting the public idea with reality. 2．Which statement best fits the current AI? A．It is recognized widely. B．It is facing reliability issues. C．It can deal with unusual circumstances. D．It can understand the true meaning of the text. 3．What is the author’s main purpose in writing the last paragraph? A．To highlight AI’s strengths. B．To redirect AI research focus. C．To show AI’s memory processes. D．To praise the work of AI researchers. 4．What is a suitable title for the text? A．Treat AI Reasonably B．AI Should Be Suspected C．AI Is Making Great Progress D．Get AI to Recognize Patterns in Data 04（25-26高三上·内蒙古锡林郭勒·期末）Over the past few decades, screen time has expanded from an occasional treat to a full-day affair. People of all ages stare at screens for work, school, and entertainment. It’s worrying, especially for parents. Then what happens when kids step away from their screen? Researchers are discovering what happens to the brain when a kid goes on a digital detox. In a 2025 study in Developmental Science, a team of researchers set out to measure brain functioning in participants while they engaged in either a screen-related or book-based activity. The team had 28 kids aged 3 to 6 wear the functional near-infrared spectroscopy (FNIRS) cap to monitor brain activities. With the cap in place, children listened to a story being read by a member of the research team while they followed along in a book with matching words and pictures. For the screen time condition, the little participants listened to an audio recording of a story while looking at words and pictures on a screen. The study found the brain activation was distinct. During the book reading, the right temporal parietal junction (颞顶联合区) was activated, but this did not happen during the screen time condition. Pecukonis says, “This region of the brain is involved in attention more generally, and so it could be that children were just more attentive during shared book reading.” For parents worried about the impact of screen time on their child’s development, Pecukonis recommends following the guidelines set by the American Academy of Pediatrics: No screen time for children aged 2 and younger, and no more than one hour a day for kids aged 3 to 5. But Pecukonis also acknowledges that life can get in the way, and a bit of Baby Shark, a children’s program, can give parents a moment to fold a basket of laundry or cook dinner. When possible, she recommends co-viewing with the child. Keep an ear out, ask questions about the show and the emotional states of the characters. Talk about the program after it’s over and apply it to real life. 1．What does “a digital detox” mean in paragraph 1? A．Using a screensaver to protect eyes. B．Seeking a way against screen radiation. C．Experiencing a period off digital devices. D．Receiving treatment for screen addiction. 2．What can we learn from paragraphs 2 and 3? A．Participants were more engaged in shared book reading. B．Screen-based activities enhanced participants’ creativity. C．The FNIRS cap was used to record participants’ answers. D．Participants were divided into two groups during the test. 3．Which of the following will Pecukonis most likely approve of? A．Leaving kids to TV while cooking. B．Keeping digital devices beyond kids’ reach. C．Joining in kids’ digital activities. D．Identifying digital programs intended for kids. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage? A．To guide parents on kids’ screen time. B．To prove screen time harms kid’s brains. C．To warn parents of kids’ digital addiction. D．To promote shared reading as a good activity. 05（25-26高三上·河北邢台·期末）When a heat wave struck Illinois in June 2022, crop physiologist Meacham-Hensold hoped her team’s new bioengineered potato variety would survive it — but she was astounded by just how well it grew. The plant produced an unexpected 30% more of its large red tubers than a normal, unengineered plant in the same conditions. To engineer the potato, Meacham-Hensold and her colleagues focused on a process in most plants called photorespiration (光呼吸), in which a key photosynthesis enzyme (光合作用酶) known as RuBisCO gets sidetracked and begins making a poisonous by-product. RuBisCO molecules (分子)need to bind to carbon dioxide (CO₂) to carry out photosynthesis, but about a quarter of the time they grab oxygen instead — and this erroneous process happens more often at high temperatures. This inefficiency can decrease crop yields by as much as 50%. In the new engineered potatoes, a gene inserted into the plant cell’s nucleus produced a protein that traveled into the chloroplast (叶绿体), the cell organelle used in photosynthesis. There it broke down the poisonous by-product, so the chloroplast didn’t need to send it out to other organelles. This saved energy, similar to how eating local food saves the energy of trucking it across the country. During the engineered potatoes’ 2022 growing season in the Illinois test field, an extreme heat wave brought four days with temperatures higher than 95°F. But the new potato’s genetic change — which can be passed on to the next generation — boosted yield by almost a third. “We were really shocked,” Meacham-Hensold says. “The photosynthesis process is a promising target for agricultural engineering, because it can increase crop yield without the need for extra land use and fertilizer,” she adds. She thinks the new technique could help crops adapt to climate change. Similar strategies have been used previously in rice, but this study is the first to show that it doesn’t cause a decrease in a food crop’s nutritional quality. 1．What does the underlined word “astounded” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Worried. B．Confused. C．Surprised. D．Annoyed. 2．What did Meacham-Hensold and her colleagues want to do? A．Remove CO2 from plant cells. B．Replace RuBisCO with artificial enzymes. C．Increase the soil temperature for crops’ growth. D．Improve potato output by fixing photorespiration. 3．What does paragraph 3 mainly explain about the engineered potato gene? A．How it changes the structure of chloroplast. B．How it transports energy within the plant cell. C．How it removes poison to avoid energy waste. D．How it increases protein production in chloroplast. 4．What is Meacham-Hensold’s attitude to the new technique? A．Critical. B．Indifferent. C．Calm. D．Appreciative. 06（25-26高三上·山西运城·期末）People often think weight loss is just about eating less and moving more, but long-term success actually depends on more than that. Key factors include timing, consistency, and the right support. For example, starting a program early in the year uses the natural motivation of a fresh start to build better habits. Why does January work so well? It connects timing, our bodies, and our mindset. The new year helps people leave past struggles behind and focus on a new beginning. Even though many doubt New Year’s resolutions, recent large studies show clear benefits. A UK study of over 85,000 people found that those who began a weight management program in January lost 12-30% more weight than those who started later. This “New Year effect” boosts program attendance and personal consistency, which are essential for real results. For effective weight loss, public guidelines suggest eating about 500-750 fewer kilo calories per day. However, tracking calories exactly can be difficult. More importantly, what you eat matters greatly. Eating enough protein helps protect muscle, which is vital because muscle keeps your metabolism (新陈代谢) active. Recent research confirms that higher protein intake helps maintain muscle and supports long-term weight control, especially when combined with strength training. Putting these insights into practice means understanding the distinct roles of diet and exercise. While changing your diet is key for initial weight loss, physical activity is irreplaceable for long-term weight maintenance and overall health. One supports the other: good nutrition fuels effective exercise, and exercise, in turn, helps preserve the metabolism-boosting muscle that good nutrition builds. Therefore, modern nutrition science suggests moving beyond simple rules. The most sustainable approach is a balanced one: follow overall healthy eating patterns — like focusing on whole foods, vegetables, and lean proteins — to steadily support your metabolism, rather than just cutting out single nutrients like fats or carbs. This principle, along with consistent physical activity, forms the true foundation for lasting weight management and better health. 1．How does the author prove the “New Year effect”? A．With historical traditions. B．By comparing different months. C．By quoting several psychologists. D．With a question and research data. 2．What does paragraph 3 suggest about managing calorie intake? A．It is the most reliable way to ensure weight loss. B．It is no longer recommended by health guidelines. C．It is less critical than choosing high-quality foods. D．It becomes effortless when combined with strength training. 3．What is the relationship between diet and exercise in the text? A．Diet drives early results; activity sustains them. B．They are equally important; their importance is constant. C．Diet is important; activity is more important from the start. D．Activity is key for early weight loss; diet is key for later maintenance. 4．What is the main purpose of writing the text? A．To advertise a new weight loss product. B．To criticize simple weight loss methods. C．To explain weight management strategies. D．To share a detailed diet and workout plan. 16 / 16 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 易错18 阅读理解·推理判断（4大易错点+易错闯关训练） 目 录 第一部分 易错点剖析 1 易错典题 避错攻略 举一反三 易错01 推断观点态度：主观臆断忽略特定动词或形容词 1 易错02 推断写作意图：忽略文章结构和关键词 4 易错03 推断文章出处：忽略文章首尾段关键信息 7 易错04 推断隐含意义：不能提炼当事人言外之意 10 第二部分 易错点闯关 13 易错01 推断观点态度：主观臆断忽略特定动词或形容词 易错典题 【例1】(2024全国甲卷阅读理解C篇第31题) Doctors see up to 150 patients every day. The train's equipment allows for basic checkups. “I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned,” says Ducke.“They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want.” 31. What is Ducke's attitude toward the Saint Lukas' services? A. Appreciative. B. Doubtful. C. Ambiguous. D. Cautious. 【答案】A 【解析】第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词Ducke's attitude toward the Saint Lukas' services。 第二步：根据关键词，定位到原文中的“I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned”以及“They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want.”。根据段中杜克所说的话中的“very impressed”“staying focused and very concerned”和“the best chance”等可知，他对该列车的服务持赞赏的态度。 第三步：比对选项得出答案。[答案] A 避错攻略 【干货必记】态度推断题易错点拨 此类试题往往让考生推断文章作者或文中人物对某事所持的观点、态度或看法或推断文中人物的语气、性格等。观点和态度一般分为三大类：①支持、赞同、乐观；②客观、中立、公正；③反对、批评、怀疑、悲观。在推断过程中，考生应特别注意文中作者的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词或副词。 【错因分析】 1. 选项中的观点态度类词意辨析不清； 2. 原文中表达作者观点、态度的形容词和副词词义； 3. 未能从所列举的例子中理解作者真正表达的意思。 举一反三 1.（25-26高三上·河北衡水·期末）Given its potential benefits and significant risks, solar geoengineering requires cautious evaluation. Governments, scientists, and global organizations should cooperate to conduct thorough research, assess its long-term impacts, and establish strict regulatory frameworks before any large-scale implementation. 1．What’s the author’s attitude to dimming the Sun? A．Supportive. B．Opposed. C．Objective. D．Doubtful. 【答案】C 【详解】推理判断题。最后一段作者总结道“Given its potential benefits and significant risks, solar geoengineering requires cautious evaluation. (鉴于其潜在的好处和重大风险，太阳地球工程需要谨慎评估)”，并建议进行深入研究、评估和建立监管框架。全文没有表现出明显的个人支持或反对倾向，而是平衡地呈现了问题的两面性，并提出了审慎的建议。因此，作者的态度是客观的。故选C项。 【易错点拨】部分考生只看到Given its potential benefits and significant risks就盲目臆断选择A项；也有学生看到Governments, scientists, and global organizations should cooperate to conduct thorough research, assess its long-term impacts, and establish strict regulatory frameworks before any large-scale implementation就选择D项。 2.（2026·贵州遵义·二模）Dark chocolate, which has more cocoa, is often advertised as healthier and even as a health-booster, which can weaken all kinds of problems, from high blood pressure to depression, while improving mental sharpness. Many studies, often paid for by chocolate manufacturers, suggest this may be true. Regrettably, the best research disproves the idea. Dark chocolate’s claimed benefits are due to compounds called flavanols (黄烷醇), which are particularly abundant in cocoa. In controlled trials, researchers have looked at the health effects of capsules containing flavanols, as well as of consuming flavanol-rich foods such as cocoa products, coffee and berries. Some trials have found beneficial effects, for example on blood pressure. But these trials typically last just a few weeks, so they may not reflect the consequences of sustained consumption. 2．What is the author’s attitude towards the claimed benefits of dark chocolate? A．Supportive. B．Ambiguous. C．Skeptical. D．Indifferent. 【答案】C 【详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Regrettably, the best research disproves the idea.(遗憾的是，最权威的研究反驳了这一观点)”以及最后一段“Sadly for chocolate, the health claims for dark chocolate come from wishful thinking and tricky marketing, not the findings of science.(对巧克力来说不幸的是，黑巧克力的健康宣称来自一厢情愿的想法和巧妙的营销，而非科学发现)”可知，作者对黑巧克力所宣称的益处持怀疑态度。故选C项。 【易错点拨】部分考生定位不准，只看到Dark chocolate, which has more cocoa, is often advertised as healthier and even as a health-booster, which can weaken all kinds of problems, from high blood pressure to depression, while improving mental sharpness就选择A项，认为作者态度是支持的。其实第二段才是关键，读完可知，作者对黑巧克力所宣称的益处持怀疑态度。 3.（25-26河南青桐鸣联考高三1月联考）I openly acknowledge the imperfections of the medical profession, including occasional instances of overconfidence, insensitivity and human error. However, today’s doctors — especially younger generations — bring greater awareness of diverse patient needs, strong communication abilities and a genuine commitment to using AI to improve care quality. The path forward doesn’t lie in replacing doctors with AI, but in building good teamwork between the two. Blease’s call for full doctor replacement is shortsighted. True healthcare progress depends on using AI to boost, not replace, the human kindness, clinical skills, knowledge, and contextual understanding — the qualities that define effective, patient-centered medicine. 3．What is the author’s attitude toward Blease’s core argument? A．Fully supportive. B．Strongly critical. C．Mildly doubtful. D．Totally indifferent. 【答案】B 【详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“While I fully acknowledge AI as a valuable innovative tool that can improve medical efficiency, the book’s core argument that AI should completely replace doctors made me speechless. (虽然我完全承认人工智能是一种可以提高医疗效率的宝贵创新工具，但这本书中人工智能应该完全取代医生的核心论点让我无言以对)”以及最后一段中“Blease’s call for full doctor replacement is shortsighted. (布莱斯呼吁用人工智能完全取代医生的想法是目光短浅的)”可知，作者对布莱斯的核心论点持强烈批判态度。故选B。 【易错点拨】部分考生忽略了However, today’s doctors — especially younger generations — bring greater awareness of diverse patient needs, strong communication abilities and a genuine commitment to using AI 和Blease’s call for full doctor replacement is shortsighted就选择C项。其实作者对布莱斯的核心论点持强烈批判态度。 易错02 推断写作意图：忽略文章结构和关键词 易错典题 【例2】(2024新课标II卷阅读理解D篇) Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革). In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码)that powers AI... As we soon come to learn from AI by Design，... AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it. 35．What is the author's purpose in writing the text? A．To recommend a book on AI. B．To give a brief account of AI history. C．To clarify the definition of AI. D．To honor an outstanding AI expert. 【答案】A 【解析】第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词the author's purpose in writing the text。 第二步：根据关键词，定位到原文最后一段：AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it.。本文是一篇说明文，结合首段和尾段可知，文章主要给读者推荐了卡特里奥娜·坎贝尔的一本关于人工智能的书。 第三步：比对选项得出答案。 避错攻略 【干货必记】写作意图题易错点拨 考生应根据文章的论述，揣测作者的写作意图和写作手法。作者一般不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实，客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点。这就要求考生不但要理解文章的主旨大意，而且要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行归纳总结和分析的能力。如，广告是作者要推销一种产品或一种服务：吸引更多的游客﹑读者或订户﹑观众等。议论文是为了说服读者接受或赞同某一观点。 举一反三 1. （25-26高三上·陕西榆林·期末）“Outdoor play is essential for children’s growth and development. We need to take effective steps to encourage outdoor activities and ensure children lead healthy and active lives. Simple measures, such as creating play-friendly residential areas and safer urban environments where families can relax, exercise, socialize, and play, can make a significant difference. But it’s important to remember cultural differences and engage with communities to make these initiatives successful,” the lead researcher, Dr. Mark Ferguson, said. 1．What is the main purpose of Dr. Mark Ferguson’s words? A．To encourage people to go outside more frequently. B．To emphasize the benefits of outdoor play for children. C．To provide tips for promoting children’s outdoor activities. D．To call on people to take action to protect children’s safety. 【答案】C 【解析】推理判断题。根据 ““Outdoor play is essential for children’s growth and development. We need to take effective steps to encourage outdoor activities and ensure children lead healthy and active lives. Simple measures, such as creating play-friendly residential areas and safer urban environments where families can relax, exercise, socialize, and play, can make a significant difference. But it’s important to remember cultural differences and engage with communities to make these initiatives successful,” the lead researcher, Dr. Mark Ferguson, said.(首席研究员Mark Ferguson博士说：“户外活动对儿童的成长和发展至关重要。我们需要采取有效措施鼓励户外活动，确保儿童过上健康积极的生活。一些简单的措施，比如打造适合玩耍的住宅区和更安全的城市环境，让家庭可以在那里放松、锻炼、社交和玩耍，就能产生显著的影响。但重要的是要记住文化差异，并与社区合作，让这些举措取得成功。”)”可知，Dr. Mark Ferguson的话主要是为了提出促进儿童户外活动的建议，如营造友好的玩耍环境和考虑文化差异等。故选C项。 2. （2026·重庆沙坪坝·一模）Imagine dining at your favorite restaurant, seated at the best table — next to a window with great views. It is nice and quiet, but the joy experienced during the first hour fades over time. The reason?Habituation. That’s our brain’s tendency to respond less and less to things that are constant, that don’t change. Briefly moving to a noisier area can bring about dishabituation, making the luxury of your window seat feel fresh and more appreciated when you return. 2．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To explain how to avoid habituation in daily life. B．To introduce the concept of habituation and its influences. C．To compare people’s reactions to pleasant and unpleasant things. D．To present research findings on holiday and work experience. 【答案】B 【详解】推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中“That’s our brain’s tendency to respond less and less to things that are constant, that don’t change. Briefly moving to a noisier area can bring about dishabituation, making the luxury of your window seat feel fresh and more appreciated when you return.(这是我们大脑对恒定不变的事物反应越来越少的倾向。短暂地搬到一个更嘈杂的地方会引起去习惯化，当你回来时，窗边的座位会让你感到新鲜和更受欣赏。)”可知，文章主要介绍了“习惯化”这一概念，并通过举例和实验研究阐述了它对人们感受的影响，这也是文章的目的。故选B。 3. （2026·贵州·模拟预测）At 102 years old, the American neurologist has lived a life so extraordinary that it earned him a Guinness World Record as the oldest practicing doctor. Though he officially hung up his white coat at 100, Howard Tucker remains as active and engaged as ever. Today, he lectures future physicians at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio, and consults on medico-legal cases. “Retirement, I think, is the enemy of longevity,” Dr. Tucker recently told Today. “You have to have some purpose in life and get up in the morning and know what you’re about.” Even after the hospital where he worked shut its doors in 2022, ending his medical practice at 100, it hasn’t prevented Tucker from returning to clinical work. “If it wasn’t for the closure, I’d absolutely still be seeing patients,” he told People. “Nobody wants me at my age—but I’ll keep trying.” His enthusiasm for life has captured the public imagination, especially through What’s Next, a documentary about his life produced by his grandson. Dr. Tucker credits his longevity not just to good genes—his parents lived to 84 and 96—but to lifestyle choices. “Heredity and family history of longevity is a healthy start,” he said. “However, it must be supported by moderation of nutrition, alcohol and happiness.” His daily routine reflects that philosophy. He snowshoes in the winter, walks on the running machine for at least four kilometres a day, and eats a mostly clean diet. Dr. Tucker also says it’s important to keep the brain stimulated. “If they retire from their work, they should at least do something as a hobby,” he told Today. “You need a stimulus for the brain daily.” For a man who’s devoted his life to healing others, Dr. Howard Tucker’s greatest lesson might be how to truly live. 3．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To encourage delayed retirement. B．To show the secret of long career. C．To share a doctor’s life philosophy. D．To enhance public health awareness. 【答案】C 【详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“For a man who’s devoted his life to healing others, Dr. Howard Tucker’s greatest lesson might be how to truly live.(对于一位毕生致力于帮助他人的医生而言，霍华德·塔克医生所领悟到的最重要的人生哲理或许就是如何真正地生活。)”可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是为了分享一位医生的人生哲学。故选C。 易错03 推断文章出处：忽略文章首尾段关键信息 易错典题 【例3】(2023·新高考全国卷Ⅱ阅读C片段) Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world.The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being. In artists' representations of books and reading, we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time. In this “book of books,” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses—absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to. 28．Where is the text most probably taken from? A．An introduction to a book. B．An essay on the art of writing. C．A guidebook to a museum. D．A review of modern paintings. 【答案】A 【解析】第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词Where和taken from。 第二步：根据关键词，定位到原文第一段第一句：“Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world.”和第二段第一句。根据以上信息可推知，文章介绍了一本书，最有可能出自一本书的序言。 第三步：比对选项得出答案。 避错攻略 【干货必记】文章出处题易错点拨 读者需要具备一定的生活常识，对报纸、杂志、网络、科普、小说、广告、说明书、旅游指南等有基本的了解，才能根据文章的特点对号入座，选出正确的答案。有时命题者为了增加试题的难度，特殊的格式或日期可能不出现，这时需要根据文章的题材内容进行推断。如，发布新闻，最可能是出现在报纸上；如果是科普读物，可能是出自科普杂志上。 举一反三 1.（25-26高三上·山西太原·月考）As hurtful as it can be for a friend or partner to put us down, it is far worse when we find a critic in our own head that keeps criticizing and doubting ourselves. To break free from the self-criticism, and achieve inner peace and self-acceptance, an extremely important step is to understand the three “parts” of us: the inner critic, the inner victim and the inner observer. The inner critic sits deeply within our sense of ourselves. ... On the other hand, the inner observer is a kind of self-awareness. ... Having recognized the dynamics among the three “parts” of us, we can start to break free from self-criticism. First, reflect on why the child-self so often feels bad in the upsetting present-day situations. Then, respond to the child-self’s pain with sympathy and compassion. Once the child-self’s pain is addressed, we are able to question or even free ourselves from self-criticism. Though it may be a long process from self-criticism to self-acceptance, in the end, we can find greater inner peace and build a happier relationship with ourselves. To learn more about how to comfort the child-self, let’s watch this brief video, Healing Your Inner Child, now. 1．Where is the text most probably taken from? A．A textbook. B．A psychology lecture. C．An advertisement. D．An introduction to a video. 【解析】推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中“To break free from the self-criticism, and achieve inner peace and self-acceptance, an extremely important step is to understand the three “parts” of us: the inner critic, the inner victim and the inner observer.(要摆脱自我批评，实现内心的平静和自我接纳，一个极其重要的步骤是了解我们的三个“部分”：内心批判者、内心受害者和内心观察者。)”以及最后一段中“To learn more about how to comfort the child-self, let’s watch this brief video, Healing Your Inner Child, now.(要了解更多关于如何安慰孩子的自我，让我们现在观看这个简短的视频《治愈你的内在孩子》。)”可知，这篇文章最有可能来自心理学讲座。故选B。 2. （25-26高三上·山西太原·期末）As a writer specializing in psychology and human cognition (认知) ,I’ve explored countless tricks to boost brainpower. Yet, few have proven as surprisingly effective as the ancient practice of illeism. Politicians often use this device to sound more objective, as Julius Caesar did in his account of the Gallic War, writing “Caesar avenged (为……报仇) the public” instead of “I avenged the public.” Simply put, illeism is the act of referring to oneself in the third person instead of the first person. Talking about yourself this way might sound overly formal or unusual to modern ears, but science says it works wonders. When tough decisions come knocking, speaking in the third person can help you stay calm, cutting through those messy emotions that often cloud our judgment. It’s like giving your brain a little space to see the big picture. Research by Igor Grossmann at the University of Waterloo shows that we’re naturally better at being “wise” when dealing with other people’s problems than our own. This is known as Solomon’s Paradox (悖论), which explains why giving your best friend advice is a breeze (微风), but solving your own is a drama. Can illeism help solve this paradox? Grossmann’s research suggests it can. By shifting to the third person, we step back from our negative emotions and gain another perspective. Studies show that people who tried this displayed more modesty — basically, they made clearer decisions and leveled up their wisdom game. One study even found that participants who journaled in the third person for a month started seeing everyday situations in a whole new light. They also reported feeling less stressed and more positive. I’ve tried it myself, and honestly, it works! Whether it’s challenging work decisions, family dilemmas, or handling friendships, this little mental shift has helped me see things more clearly and act more thoughtfully. Sure, it might sound a little odd at first, but it’s incredibly effective. If you’ re looking for a fun, easy way to clear your head, why not give it a shot? Who knows— you might just discover your inner Caesar. 2．Where is this text probably taken from? A．A psychology blog. B．A historical biography. C．A self-help guide. D．A scientific journal. 【解析】推理判断题。通读全文，文章主要介绍了illeism（用第三人称指代自己）这一做法在心理学和认知领域的应用和效果，说明其有助于人们在面临决策时保持冷静，避开杂乱情绪对判断的干扰。由此推断出这篇文章很可能来自一个心理学博客。故选A。 3. （24-25高三上·广西河池·期末）Pat the Bunny the 1940 classic touch-and-feel book, is still in print, which shows the value of touch in helping babies and young children get into the world of reading. Later, when children reach school age, a common technique for teaching the alphabet (字母表) is using hands-on handling, such as forming letters out of clay. But as these students get older, the role of touch reduces, which is bad for the students. Today’s reading assignments are heavily digital, and use of computer keyboards for writing shows no sign of decreasing, especially given the appeal of AI tools for editing and composing. I’m a linguist (语言学家) who investigates the differences between print and digital reading and how writing supports thinking. My colleague Anne Mangen and I asked more than 500 secondary students at an international school in Amsterdam about their experiences when reading print versus digital texts. Separately, I surveyed 100 university students and young adults in the US and Europe on their likes and dislikes about handwriting versus typing. Together, their responses demonstrate that teenagers and young adults continue to value touch in their encounters with the written word. The research offers important lessons for educators and parents. In the studies, students wrote enthusiastically about touch when asked for the one thing they liked most about reading in print or writing by hand. On a physical level, the feeling of holding a book or writing instrument in their hands mattered to students. These are some of their observations: “You actually feel like you are reading because the book is in your hands,” and “I like feeling the paper and pen under my hands, being able to physically form words.” What students say about the importance of touch mirrors what researchers have found: Touch is an effective way to build early reading and writing skills, as well as to support how more developed readers and writers interact with the written word. Psychologists and reading specialists continue to report higher comprehension in children and young adults when reading in print versus digitally, for both academic and leisure reading. 3．Where can we read the text? A．In a book review. B．In a guidebook. C．In a science magazine. D．In a dictionary. 【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Pat the Bunny the 1940 classic touch-and-feel book, is still in print, which shows the value of touch in helping babies and young children get into the world of reading. (Pat the Bunny是1940年的经典触觉书，至今仍在印刷中，它展示了触摸在帮助婴儿和幼儿进入阅读世界中的价值。)”以及根据最后一段“What students say about the importance of touch mirrors what researchers have found: Touch is an effective way to build early reading and writing skills, as well as to support how more developed readers and writers interact with the written word. (学生们所说的触摸的重要性反映了研究人员的发现：触摸是建立早期阅读和写作技能的有效方法，同时也支持更成熟的读者和作家如何与书面文字互动。)”可知，文章主要介绍了触摸在阅读和写作中的重要性，包括早期教育、学生的感受和研究发现等。所以短文来自科学杂志。故选C项。 易错04 推断隐含意义：不能提炼言外之意 易错典题 【例4】(2024新课标II卷第30题) We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm(BMF) shortens it even more. BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens. ... Moreover, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions(排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment. BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic.“We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. 30. What can be concluded about BMF employees? A. They have a great passion for sports. B. They are devoted to community service. C. They are fond of sharing daily experiences. D. They have a strong environmental awareness. 【解析】第一步：浏览题干，找到关键词。关键词: What, concluded,BMF employees。 第二步：根据关键词，定位信息。定位原文信息: 根据题干信息锁定到文本的最后一段。根据最后一段“BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives.”及“We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment...”可推知员工具有强烈的环保意识。 第三步：比对选项得出答案D。 【干货必记】隐含推断题易错点拨 隐含推断题主要考查考生对特定信息、全篇、全段或上下文逻辑关系的判断，结合相关信息的暗示，准确理解文章寓意或隐含的深层意义的能力。一般题干主要包括六个动词：infer (推断)、indicate (象征；暗示)、imply (暗示)、suggest (暗示)、conclude (得出结论)、assume (假定；设想)。 举一反三 1.（25-26高三上·广东肇庆·期末） Mr Wratten, who represents people who travel for work, does not mourn (哀伤) the road warriors. He thinks that travel has become more purposeful and determined. Companies have become more concerned about the health and happiness of their employees, and that concern extends to travel. Mr Wratten notes that firms increasingly tolerate or even encourage staff to take their partners on business trips. This would surely shock Vic Wilcox. 1．What can we infer from Mr Wratten’s words? A．Business travel will soon disappear. B．Modern business travel is more human-centered. C．Companies used to ignore employees’ travel safety. D．Vic Wilcox enjoys taking his wife on business trips. 【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Mr Wratten notes that firms increasingly tolerate or even encourage staff to take their partners on business trips. This would surely shock Vic Wilcox. (Wratten先生指出，企业越来越容忍甚至鼓励员工带伴侣一同出差。这肯定会让Vic Wilcox感到大为震惊)”可知，现代企业更关注员工的健康与幸福，商务出行也更人性化。故选B项。 2.（25-26高三上·辽宁·期末）This year’s big winner was a 1,200-pound bear called “Chunk”. At the beginning of the summer, many people were worried about Chunk, since he had a broken jaw — probably from a fight. But somehow Chunk managed to keep eating and putting on weight. Chunk’s ability to gain weight means more than just winning the contest — it’s a strong sign that he’ll be able to survive despite his broken jaw. 2．What did Chunk’s victory imply? A．He was the most adorable bear. B．He weighed the most in the contest. C．He was the heaviest bear ever recorded in the park. D．He gained most weight in spite of his broken jaw. 【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“At the beginning of the summer, many people were worried about Chunk, since he had a broken jaw — probably from a fight. But somehow Chunk managed to keep eating and putting on weight. Chunk’s ability to gain weight means more than just winning the contest — it’s a strong sign that he’ll be able to survive despite his broken jaw.(夏初时节，很多人都为Chunk捏了一把汗 —— 它的下颌受了伤，大概率是打架所致。但不知怎的，Chunk还是坚持进食、不断增重。它的增重能力，意义远不止赢得比赛那么简单，更是一个有力的信号：即便下颌带伤，它也能顺利熬过寒冬。)”可知，Chunk的胜利意味着它尽管下巴受伤，依然实现了大量增重。故选D项。 3.（25-26高三上·山东德州·月考）Two psychologists, Matthew McGlone and Jessica Tofighbakhsh, investigated this phenomenon. They presented their participants with a series of aphorisms — some are rhymed; others not. They discovered that not only did participants aesthetically (审美上) prefer the rhymed sentences, but they more often considered them more accurate. Despite participants agreeing that aesthetic qualities don’t represent truth, they couldn’t avoid their own prejudice. This led the team to remember the poet John Keats’ line: “Beauty is truth; truth beauty.” 3．What can be concluded from Matthew and Jessica’s findings? A．Aesthetic qualities help clarify the fact. B．People tend to ignore precision in rhymes. C．Rhymed sentences are usually less trustworthy. D．Aesthetic qualities likely conflict with people’s judgments. 【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段第三、四句“They discovered that not only did participants aesthetically (审美上) prefer the rhymed sentences, but they more often considered them more accurate. Despite participants agreeing that aesthetic qualities don’t represent truth, they couldn’t avoid their own prejudice. (他们发现，参与者不仅在审美上更喜欢押韵的句子，而且更频繁地认为这些句子更准确。尽管参与者同意审美质量不代表真实，但他们无法避免自己的偏见)”可知，参与者意识到审美不代表真实，但仍会受审美的影响，从而做出非理性的判断。由此推知，审美质量可能与人们的判断冲突。故选D项。 01（25-26高三上·江苏苏州·期末）For decades, computer science students have been taught a central skill: using computers to solve problems. In practice, that has meant programming or writing code to tell a machine how to perform tasks. Now, generative artificial intelligence tools like ChatGPT can write those programs themselves, producing code in much the same way they write essays. A student can ask ChatGPT to write a program that sorts a list of numbers and get a working answer in seconds. This new capability is transforming how computer scientists get work done. Even non-programmers suddenly have the ability to create their own software tools. This may feel like a threat to some coders’ profession. It certainly marks a significant shift for computer scientists and those who educate them. The future of computer science education is to teach students how to master the skill of supervision (监管). Why? Because the speed and efficiency of using AI to write code is balanced by the reality that it often gets things wrong. These tools are designed to produce results that look convincing, but they may still contain errors. There is still a need for humans to play a role in coding — a supervisory one, in which programmers oversee the use of AI tools, determine if AI-generated code does what it is supposed to do and make repairs to faulty code. But today’s computer science education still focuses on coding as the primary activity. And worryingly, some students are using AI tools to finish their assignments without learning or understanding how the code actually works. Most education doesn’t yet emphasize the skills critical for programming supervision. New developers with less than a year’s experience can actually be less efficient with AI tools than without, because they are missing critical skills and knowledge needed to evaluate and correct what the AI produces. The rise of generative AI should sharpen our focus on what truly matters in computer science education: helping students develop the habits of mind that let them question, reason and apply judgment in a rapidly developing field. As the AI pioneer Herbert Simon once advised: “Learning results from what the student does and thinks, and only from what the student does and thinks.” 1．What can generative AI tools do in programming? A．Teach students how to code. B．Produce code without errors. C．Write programs following instructions. D．Take the place of experienced coders. 2．The author thinks computer science education should primarily develop students’ ability of ______. A．supervising and correcting AI-generated code B．programming or writing code to perform tasks C．coding or decoding speedily and efficiently D．understanding and using AI tools independently 3．How does the author support his argument in paragraph 4? A．By providing statistics. B．By presenting facts. C．By clarifying a concept. D．By making a prediction. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing this text? A．To criticize the traditional teaching approaches. B．To urge a change in computer science education. C．To emphasize the importance of efficient learning. D．To show AI tools cannot replace human teachers. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章探讨了生成式人工智能根据指令编写代码这一能力，正在改变编程工作和计算机科学教育，指出未来的教育重点应转向培养学生监督、评估和修正人工智能生成的代码的能力，而非仅仅教授编码本身。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Now, generative artificial intelligence tools like ChatGPT can write those programs themselves, producing code in much the same way they write essays. A student can ask ChatGPT to write a program that sorts a list of numbers and get a working answer in seconds. (如今，像ChatGPT这样的生成式人工智能工具能够自行编写这些程序，其编写代码的方式与撰写文章的方式颇为相似。学生可以向ChatGPT请求编写一个能对一系列数字进行排序的程序，并且能在几秒钟内获得一个可用的解决方案。)”可知，生成式人工智能工具可以根据指令编写程序。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“There is still a need for humans to play a role in coding — a supervisory one, in which programmers oversee the use of AI tools, determine if AI-generated code does what it is supposed to do and make repairs to faulty code. (人类在代码编写方面仍需发挥一定作用——一种监督性的作用，即程序员要监督人工智能工具的使用情况，判断人工智能生成的代码是否符合预期功能，并对出现错误的代码进行修复。)”可知，作者认为计算机科学教育应主要培养学生监督和修正人工智能生成的代码的能力。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“And worryingly, some students are using AI tools to finish their assignments without learning or understanding how the code actually works. Most education doesn’t yet emphasize the skills critical for programming supervision. New developers with less than a year’s experience can actually be less efficient with AI tools than without, because they are missing critical skills and knowledge needed to evaluate and correct what the AI produces. (令人担忧的是，一些学生使用人工智能工具来完成作业，却并未学习或理解代码的实际运作原理。大多数教育目前尚未强调编程监督所需的关键技能。拥有不到一年经验的新开发人员在使用人工智能工具时实际上可能比没有人工智能工具时效率更低，因为他们缺乏评估和纠正人工智能所产生内容所需的关键技能和知识。)”可知，作者通过陈述当前教育中存在学生滥用人工智能工具，及其导致新开发人员效率更低这两个事实，来支持其“当前计算机科学教育存在弊端”的观点。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段中“The rise of generative AI should sharpen our focus on what truly matters in computer science education: helping students develop the habits of mind that let them question, reason and apply judgment in a rapidly developing field. (生成式人工智能的兴起应当促使我们更加关注计算机科学教育中真正重要的内容：帮助学生养成在快速发展的领域中提出问题、进行推理和运用判断力的思维习惯。)”可知，文章围绕生成式人工智能对编程和计算机科学教育的冲击展开，指出了当前教育模式的局限，并提出教育重心应向培养学生监督、评估和修正人工智能代码的能力转变。因此，作者的主要写作目的是敦促计算机科学教育进行变革。故选B项。 02（25-26高三上·山东·期末）From pesticides to paint smells, the importance of keeping clear of hidden harmful substances during pregnancy (怀孕) is well-documented. But according to a new study, it’s not only expecting parents who need to be aware of toxins (毒素) that pose a silent risk to their family’s health. New research published in Liver International has linked severe liver damage to contact with tetrachloroethylene (PCE), a chemical widely used in dry-cleaning products, as well as common household cleaning items. Scientists examined blood samples from study participants, of which about 7% had detectable levels of PCE. Compared to their counterparts, this group was three times more likely to have significant liver fibrosis, a condition that can progress to both liver cancer and liver failure. The risk increases with greater exposure, and workers in dry-cleaning facilities may face the highest risk. PCE is a man-made chemical that’s been around since the 1940s, according to Gerome Burke, a medical toxicologist. “Its most famous use was as the primary chemical in dry cleaning,” Dr. Burke says. More recently, PCE has become a common ingredient in many consumer products, including spot removers and stainless steel polishes. “Effective as it is, PCE can cause neurological effects, including headaches,” Dr. Burke says. Previous research also shows early PCE exposure is linked to a higher risk of developing certain cancers later in life. What’s worse, this toxin could be quietly polluting our surroundings as well, from the air we breathe to the water we drink. Kids are more vulnerable (易受伤害的) because their bodies are still developing and they have more contact with polluted surfaces. Families can reduce PCE-related health risks through practical steps, according to experts. Check product labels and avoid those that list PCE. When using potentially PCE-containing cleaners, opening windows is recommended. For dry-cleaning, go for safer, PCE-free alternatives like “wet cleaning”. After cleaning, always remove the plastic wrap and air them out in a space with good air flow before bringing them indoors. It is equally important to store risky products away from kids. These small actions significantly reduce the chronic, low-level PCE exposures that are most closely associated with health risks. 1．What does paragraph 1 imply about public health awareness? A．It focuses on natural threats. B．It should cover a wider population. C．It prioritizes pregnant individuals. D．It targets detectable toxic substances. 2．Why does the author mention children’s situation? A．To show their ongoing bodily growth. B．To call for immediate action. C．To explain PCE’s impact on the brain. D．To stress PCE’s widespread effect. 3．What’s the last paragraph mainly about? A．PCE’s harms to children. B．Rules of dry-cleaning industries. C．PCE’s daily applications. D．Measures to reduce PCE exposure. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．PCE: From Workplace to Home Threat B．Household Dangers and Children’s Safety C．A Hidden Home Threat and Your Defense D．Pregnant Women: The Highest Risk Group 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍四氯乙烯这一隐藏毒素的危害，其存在于干洗产品和家用清洁剂中，还给出了家庭降低相关健康风险的具体实用措施。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“But according to a new study, it’s not only expecting parents who need to be aware of toxins (毒素) that pose a silent risk to their family’s health.(但根据一项新的研究，并非只有准父母需要注意那些会对家人健康构成潜在威胁的毒素。)”可知，公众的健康意识目前主要关注准父母群体，而研究表明该意识应覆盖更广泛的人群。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据第五段中的“What’s worse, this toxin could be quietly polluting our surroundings as well, from the air we breathe to the water we drink. Kids are more vulnerable (易受伤害的) because their bodies are still developing and they have more contact with polluted surfaces. (更糟糕的是，这种毒素还可能在悄无声息地污染我们的环境，从我们呼吸的空气到饮用的水都是如此。儿童更容易受到伤害，因为他们的身体还在发育中，并且他们与受污染表面的接触更多。)”可知，作者提及儿童的情况，是为了强调四氯乙烯的污染范围广，对不同人群都有影响，突出其广泛的危害性。故选D项。 3．主旨大意题。根据第六段中的“Families can reduce PCE-related health risks through practical steps, according to experts.(专家表示，家庭可以通过一些实用的措施来降低与四氯乙烯相关的健康风险。)”以及后文具体的措施介绍可知，最后一段主要讲述的是减少四氯乙烯接触的具体方法。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，文章先介绍了四氯乙烯这一隐藏的家庭威胁及其危害，随后重点给出了人们应对该威胁的具体防御措施，“一种隐藏的家庭威胁及你的防御方法”最能概括全文内容，适合作为最佳标题。故选C项。 03（25-26高三上·河北邢台·期末）To average people, it must seem as if the field of artificial intelligence (AI) is making great progress. Even a high-level manager in a high-tech company went so far as to think that the attempt to create AI that has the flexibility and resourcefulness of human intelligence — known as artificial general intelligence, or AGI, has reached a point where the game is over. Don’t be fooled. Machines may someday be as smart as people and perhaps even smarter, but the game is far from over. There is still a large amount of work to be done in making machines that truly can comprehend and reason about the world around them. What we need right now is less posturing and more basic research. At present, AI is making progress — synthetic (合成的) images look more and more realistic, and speech recognition can often work in noisy environments — but we are still likely decades away from general-purpose and human-level AI that can understand the true meanings of articles and videos or deal with unexpected obstacles and interruptions. The field is stuck on precisely the same challenges that academic scientists have been pointing out for years: getting AI to be reliable and getting it to cope with unusual circumstances. Unfortunately, the fact that these systems still fail to work reliably and struggle with novel circumstances is usually buried in the fine print. One system, for instance, worked well on all the tasks the high-tech company reported but rarely as well as other contemporary systems. Although deep learning has advanced the ability of machines to recognize patterns in data, it has three major faults. The patterns that it learns are superficial (表面的), not conceptual. The results it creates are hard to interpret and difficult to use in the context of other processes, such as memory and reasoning. As Harvard University computer scientist Leslie Valiant noted, “The central challenge going forward is to unify the formulation (规划) of learning and reasoning.” Given these limitations, it’s time for AI researchers to concentrate on building systems that can learn and reason, not just chase media attention. 1．How does the author develop paragraph 1? A．By providing statistics. B．By making assumptions. C．By supporting the average people’s views. D．By contrasting the public idea with reality. 2．Which statement best fits the current AI? A．It is recognized widely. B．It is facing reliability issues. C．It can deal with unusual circumstances. D．It can understand the true meaning of the text. 3．What is the author’s main purpose in writing the last paragraph? A．To highlight AI’s strengths. B．To redirect AI research focus. C．To show AI’s memory processes. D．To praise the work of AI researchers. 4．What is a suitable title for the text? A．Treat AI Reasonably B．AI Should Be Suspected C．AI Is Making Great Progress D．Get AI to Recognize Patterns in Data 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了当前人工智能看似进展大，实则面临可靠性等诸多问题，作者呼吁重新引导人工智能研究重点。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Even a high-level manager in a high-tech company went so far as to think that the attempt to create AI that has the flexibility and resourcefulness of human intelligence — known as artificial general intelligence, or AGI, has reached a point where the game is over. Don’t be fooled. Machines may someday be as smart as people and perhaps even smarter, but the game is far from over. (即使是一家高科技公司的高层管理人员也认为，创造具有人类智能灵活性和足智多谋的人工智能——被称为通用人工智能 (AGI)——的尝试已经到了游戏结束的地步。别被愚弄了。机器也许有一天会像人一样聪明，甚至更聪明，但游戏还远未结束)”可知，作者通过对比公众想法与现实展开第一段。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“The field is stuck on precisely the same challenges that academic scientists have been pointing out for years: getting AI to be reliable and getting it to cope with unusual circumstances. (这个领域正面临着学术科学家多年来一直指出的同样的挑战：让人工智能变得可靠，并让它能够应对不寻常的情况)”以及第三段“Unfortunately, the fact that these systems still fail to work reliably and struggle with novel circumstances is usually buried in the fine print. (不幸的是，这些系统仍然无法可靠地工作，并且在应对新情况时存在困难，这一事实通常被隐藏在细则中)”可知，当前人工智能面临可靠性问题。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Although deep learning has advanced the ability of machines to recognize patterns in data, it has three major faults. (尽管深度学习提高了机器识别数据模式的能力，但它有三个主要缺陷)”以及“Given these limitations, it’s time for AI researchers to concentrate on building systems that can learn and reason, not just chase media attention. (鉴于这些局限性，是时候让人工智能研究人员专注于构建能够学习和推理的系统，而不仅仅是追逐媒体关注了)”可知，作者写这一段的目的是重新引导人工智能研究的重点。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。全文作者先纠正大众对人工智能发展的错误认知，再指出其当下存在的核心难题，指出人工智能的发展还有很长的路要走，最后给出研究方向的建议，呼吁大家理性看待，减少浮夸宣传，专注于基础研究，核心是倡导人们理性看待人工智能，所以“合理对待AI”适合作为文章标题。故选A项。 04（25-26高三上·内蒙古锡林郭勒·期末）Over the past few decades, screen time has expanded from an occasional treat to a full-day affair. People of all ages stare at screens for work, school, and entertainment. It’s worrying, especially for parents. Then what happens when kids step away from their screen? Researchers are discovering what happens to the brain when a kid goes on a digital detox. In a 2025 study in Developmental Science, a team of researchers set out to measure brain functioning in participants while they engaged in either a screen-related or book-based activity. The team had 28 kids aged 3 to 6 wear the functional near-infrared spectroscopy (FNIRS) cap to monitor brain activities. With the cap in place, children listened to a story being read by a member of the research team while they followed along in a book with matching words and pictures. For the screen time condition, the little participants listened to an audio recording of a story while looking at words and pictures on a screen. The study found the brain activation was distinct. During the book reading, the right temporal parietal junction (颞顶联合区) was activated, but this did not happen during the screen time condition. Pecukonis says, “This region of the brain is involved in attention more generally, and so it could be that children were just more attentive during shared book reading.” For parents worried about the impact of screen time on their child’s development, Pecukonis recommends following the guidelines set by the American Academy of Pediatrics: No screen time for children aged 2 and younger, and no more than one hour a day for kids aged 3 to 5. But Pecukonis also acknowledges that life can get in the way, and a bit of Baby Shark, a children’s program, can give parents a moment to fold a basket of laundry or cook dinner. When possible, she recommends co-viewing with the child. Keep an ear out, ask questions about the show and the emotional states of the characters. Talk about the program after it’s over and apply it to real life. 1．What does “a digital detox” mean in paragraph 1? A．Using a screensaver to protect eyes. B．Seeking a way against screen radiation. C．Experiencing a period off digital devices. D．Receiving treatment for screen addiction. 2．What can we learn from paragraphs 2 and 3? A．Participants were more engaged in shared book reading. B．Screen-based activities enhanced participants’ creativity. C．The FNIRS cap was used to record participants’ answers. D．Participants were divided into two groups during the test. 3．Which of the following will Pecukonis most likely approve of? A．Leaving kids to TV while cooking. B．Keeping digital devices beyond kids’ reach. C．Joining in kids’ digital activities. D．Identifying digital programs intended for kids. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage? A．To guide parents on kids’ screen time. B．To prove screen time harms kid’s brains. C．To warn parents of kids’ digital addiction. D．To promote shared reading as a good activity. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项关于儿童屏幕时间与大脑活动关系的研究，并为家长提供了如何管理儿童屏幕时间的实用建议。 1．词句猜测题。根据第一段最后两句“Then what happens when kids step away from their screen? Researchers are discovering what happens to the brain when a kid goes on a digital detox. (那么当孩子们远离屏幕后，会发生什么呢？研究人员正在探索当一个孩子进行a digital detox时大脑会发生什么。)”可知，前一句提出“孩子们远离屏幕后会发生什么”的问题，后一句即讲到研究人员正在探索一项研究，表明该研究能对前一句提出的问题进行回答，“a digital detox”所指的情况应与“远离屏幕（step away from their screen）”直接相关，a digital detox应指一段时间不使用数字设备。C选项“经历一段不用数字设备的时间”与上下文逻辑一致，是对该短语含义的准确诠释。故选C项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段可知，研究人员针对3到6岁儿童在进行屏幕活动和纸质书籍阅读活动时大脑功能状况的研究。又根据第三段“During the book reading, the right temporal parietal junction was activated, but this did not happen during the screen time condition. Pecukonis says, “This region of the brain is involved in attention more generally, and so it could be that children were just more attentive during shared book reading.” (在纸质书籍阅读过程中，大脑右侧颞顶联合区被激活，而在屏幕时间条件下该区域并未出现相同反应。佩库科尼斯指出：“大脑的这个区域通常与注意力有关，因此这可能意味着儿童在共享阅读时注意力更集中。”)”可知，阅读纸质书籍时大脑右侧颞顶联合区激活，该区域与注意力相关，且研究者推测儿童在共享阅读时更专注。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段最后三句“When possible, she recommends co-viewing with the child. Keep an ear out, ask questions about the show and the emotional states of the characters. Talk about the program after it’s over and apply it to real life. (如果可能，她建议与孩子共同观看。留心听内容，就节目和角色情绪状态提问。节目结束后进行讨论并将其应用到现实生活中。)”可知，佩库科尼斯倡导的核心理念是家长应进行有互动、有引导的陪伴观看。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。通览全文，第一段引出儿童屏幕时间及“数字排毒”的话题；第二、三段详细介绍了一项比较屏幕活动与纸质书籍阅读活动对儿童大脑影响的研究及其发现；第四段直接给出专家对儿童屏幕时间的时长建议；最后一段进一步提供了家长如何管理及优化孩子屏幕时间的互动策略。文章结合科学发现与专家建议，旨在为家长提供关于儿童屏幕时间的认知指导和行动参考。选项A“指导家长管理孩子的屏幕时间”为作者的核心意图。故选A项。 05（25-26高三上·河北邢台·期末）When a heat wave struck Illinois in June 2022, crop physiologist Meacham-Hensold hoped her team’s new bioengineered potato variety would survive it — but she was astounded by just how well it grew. The plant produced an unexpected 30% more of its large red tubers than a normal, unengineered plant in the same conditions. To engineer the potato, Meacham-Hensold and her colleagues focused on a process in most plants called photorespiration (光呼吸), in which a key photosynthesis enzyme (光合作用酶) known as RuBisCO gets sidetracked and begins making a poisonous by-product. RuBisCO molecules (分子)need to bind to carbon dioxide (CO₂) to carry out photosynthesis, but about a quarter of the time they grab oxygen instead — and this erroneous process happens more often at high temperatures. This inefficiency can decrease crop yields by as much as 50%. In the new engineered potatoes, a gene inserted into the plant cell’s nucleus produced a protein that traveled into the chloroplast (叶绿体), the cell organelle used in photosynthesis. There it broke down the poisonous by-product, so the chloroplast didn’t need to send it out to other organelles. This saved energy, similar to how eating local food saves the energy of trucking it across the country. During the engineered potatoes’ 2022 growing season in the Illinois test field, an extreme heat wave brought four days with temperatures higher than 95°F. But the new potato’s genetic change — which can be passed on to the next generation — boosted yield by almost a third. “We were really shocked,” Meacham-Hensold says. “The photosynthesis process is a promising target for agricultural engineering, because it can increase crop yield without the need for extra land use and fertilizer,” she adds. She thinks the new technique could help crops adapt to climate change. Similar strategies have been used previously in rice, but this study is the first to show that it doesn’t cause a decrease in a food crop’s nutritional quality. 1．What does the underlined word “astounded” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Worried. B．Confused. C．Surprised. D．Annoyed. 2．What did Meacham-Hensold and her colleagues want to do? A．Remove CO2 from plant cells. B．Replace RuBisCO with artificial enzymes. C．Increase the soil temperature for crops’ growth. D．Improve potato output by fixing photorespiration. 3．What does paragraph 3 mainly explain about the engineered potato gene? A．How it changes the structure of chloroplast. B．How it transports energy within the plant cell. C．How it removes poison to avoid energy waste. D．How it increases protein production in chloroplast. 4．What is Meacham-Hensold’s attitude to the new technique? A．Critical. B．Indifferent. C．Calm. D．Appreciative. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了Meacham-Hensold和她的团队通过修复光呼吸过程，成功培育出一种新土豆品种，该品种在高温下产量大幅提高且营养质量未下降。 1．词句猜测题。根据第一段“When a heat wave struck Illinois in June 2022, crop physiologist Meacham-Hensold hoped her team’s new bioengineered potato variety would survive it — but she was astounded by just how well it grew. The plant produced an unexpected 30% more of its large red tubers than a normal, unengineered plant in the same conditions. (2022年6月，当热浪袭击伊利诺伊州时，作物生理学家Meacham Hensold希望她的团队的新生物工程马铃薯品种能够存活下来，但她对它的生长情况感到astounded。在相同条件下，这种植物的大红色块茎比正常的、未经工程处理的植物多出30%，这是出乎意料的)”可知，Meacham-Hensold对于这种新土豆的生长情况是感到惊讶的。astounded的意思是“惊讶的”，与Surprised意义相近。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“To engineer the potato, Meacham-Hensold and her colleagues focused on a process in most plants called photorespiration (光呼吸), in which a key photosynthesis enzyme (光合作用酶) known as RuBisCO gets sidetracked and begins making a poisonous by-product. (为了对土豆进行基因改造，Meacham-Hensold和她的同事们关注了大多数植物中一种叫做光呼吸的过程，在这个过程中，一种名为RuBisCO的关键光合作用酶偏离正轨，开始产生一种有毒的副产品)”以及第四段“During the engineered potatoes’ 2022 growing season in the Illinois test field, an extreme heat wave brought four days with temperatures higher than 95°F. But the new potato’s genetic change — which can be passed on to the next generation — boosted yield by almost a third.(在伊利诺伊州试验田2022年的工程马铃薯生长季节，一场极端热浪带来了四天的温度高于95°F。但这种新马铃薯的基因变化——可以传递给下一代——使产量提高了近三分之一)”可知，Meacham-Hensold和她的同事们致力于纠正光呼吸这一低效过程所导致的问题，他们通过植入基因使植物能够有效处理光呼吸的有毒副产物，从而达到提高土豆产量的目的。故选D。 3．主旨大意题。根据第三段“In the new engineered potatoes, a gene inserted into the plant cell’s nucleus produced a protein that traveled into the chloroplast (叶绿体), the cell organelle used in photosynthesis. There it broke down the poisonous by-product, so the chloroplast didn’t need to send it out to other organelles. This saved energy, similar to how eating local food saves the energy of trucking it across the country.(在新的基因工程土豆中，插入植物细胞核的一个基因产生了一种蛋白质，这种蛋白质进入叶绿体 (光合作用中使用的细胞器)。在那里，它分解了有毒的副产品，所以叶绿体不需要把它送到其他细胞器。这节省了能量，就像吃当地食物节省了在全国运输食物的能量一样)”可知，新植入的基因在植物细胞核中产生一种蛋白质，这种蛋白质进入叶绿体并分解有毒副产物，从而节省了能量。因此，第三段主要解释了这种基因如何通过去除毒素来避免能量浪费。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The photosynthesis process is a promising target for agricultural engineering, because it can increase crop yield without the need for extra land use and fertilizer, (光合作用过程是农业工程的一个有前景的目标，因为它可以在不需要额外土地使用和肥料的情况下提高作物产量)”以及“She thinks the new technique could help crops adapt to climate change. (她认为这项新技术可以帮助作物适应气候变化)”可知，Meacham-Hensold表示，这种新技术可以帮助作物适应气候变化，并且她认为这种新技术很有前景。因此，她对这种新技术持赞赏的态度。故选D。 06（25-26高三上·山西运城·期末）People often think weight loss is just about eating less and moving more, but long-term success actually depends on more than that. Key factors include timing, consistency, and the right support. For example, starting a program early in the year uses the natural motivation of a fresh start to build better habits. Why does January work so well? It connects timing, our bodies, and our mindset. The new year helps people leave past struggles behind and focus on a new beginning. Even though many doubt New Year’s resolutions, recent large studies show clear benefits. A UK study of over 85,000 people found that those who began a weight management program in January lost 12-30% more weight than those who started later. This “New Year effect” boosts program attendance and personal consistency, which are essential for real results. For effective weight loss, public guidelines suggest eating about 500-750 fewer kilo calories per day. However, tracking calories exactly can be difficult. More importantly, what you eat matters greatly. Eating enough protein helps protect muscle, which is vital because muscle keeps your metabolism (新陈代谢) active. Recent research confirms that higher protein intake helps maintain muscle and supports long-term weight control, especially when combined with strength training. Putting these insights into practice means understanding the distinct roles of diet and exercise. While changing your diet is key for initial weight loss, physical activity is irreplaceable for long-term weight maintenance and overall health. One supports the other: good nutrition fuels effective exercise, and exercise, in turn, helps preserve the metabolism-boosting muscle that good nutrition builds. Therefore, modern nutrition science suggests moving beyond simple rules. The most sustainable approach is a balanced one: follow overall healthy eating patterns — like focusing on whole foods, vegetables, and lean proteins — to steadily support your metabolism, rather than just cutting out single nutrients like fats or carbs. This principle, along with consistent physical activity, forms the true foundation for lasting weight management and better health. 1．How does the author prove the “New Year effect”? A．With historical traditions. B．By comparing different months. C．By quoting several psychologists. D．With a question and research data. 2．What does paragraph 3 suggest about managing calorie intake? A．It is the most reliable way to ensure weight loss. B．It is no longer recommended by health guidelines. C．It is less critical than choosing high-quality foods. D．It becomes effortless when combined with strength training. 3．What is the relationship between diet and exercise in the text? A．Diet drives early results; activity sustains them. B．They are equally important; their importance is constant. C．Diet is important; activity is more important from the start. D．Activity is key for early weight loss; diet is key for later maintenance. 4．What is the main purpose of writing the text? A．To advertise a new weight loss product. B．To criticize simple weight loss methods. C．To explain weight management strategies. D．To share a detailed diet and workout plan. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章系统讲解长期有效减重的核心逻辑。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“Why does January work so well? It connects timing, our bodies, and our mindset.(为什么一月份效果这么好？它结合了时机、我们的身体和心态)”和“A UK study of over 85,000 people found that those who began a weight management program in January lost 12-30% more weight than those who started later.(英国一项针对8.5万多人的研究发现，那些在一月份开始体重管理计划的人比晚些开始的人多减重12%-30%)”可推知，作者通过提问和研究数据来证明“新年效应”。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“However, tracking calories exactly can be difficult. More importantly, what you eat matters greatly.(然而，精确追踪热量可能很困难。更重要的是，你吃什么至关重要)”可推知，选择高质量食物比控制热量摄入更关键。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“While changing your diet is key for initial weight loss, physical activity is irreplaceable for long-term weight maintenance and overall health.(虽然改变饮食是初期减重的关键，但运动对于长期维持体重和整体健康是不可替代的)”可知，饮食驱动初期减重效果，运动维持长期成果。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据全文内容，特别是第一段“People often think weight loss is just about eating less and moving more, but long-term success actually depends on more than that. (人们常常认为减重就是少吃多动，但长期成功实际上还取决于更多因素)”可知，文章围绕减重的时机、饮食、运动等方面展开。由此推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是解释科学的体重管理策略。故选C项。 4 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $