Unit 3单元单词表教师词汇备课2025-2026学年冀教版英语七年级下册

2026-02-09
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冀教版七年级下册 Unit 3 单词表 教师备课材料 1. practice 词性与词义: n. (英式:practise) 练习;实践;惯例 v. (美式拼写,同英式practise) 练习;训练;经常做 近义词:n. training, exercise; v. rehearse, train 反义词:n. theory; v. neglect 词性转换: practiced (adj.):熟练的,经验丰富的 practical (adj.):实际的,实用的 固定搭配: practice doing sth. 练习做某事 in practice 实际上;在实践中 out of practice 生疏,久不练习 例句: Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。(谚语) She practices playing the piano for two hours every day. 她每天练习弹钢琴两小时。 练习与解析: 1. He is a highly ______ (practice) doctor with 20 years of experience. (他是一位有20年经验、技术娴熟的医生。)答案:practiced 解析:此处修饰名词“doctor”,需要形容词。根据句意“有20年经验的”,应选用表示“熟练的、经验丰富的”形容词 practiced。 2. We need to find a ______ (practice) solution to this problem. (我们需要找到一个解决这个问题的实际办法。)答案:practical 解析:此处修饰名词“solution”,需要形容词。根据句意“解决问题的办法”,应选用表示“实际的、可行的”形容词 practical。 2. teach 词性与词义:v. 教,讲授;教导 近义词:instruct, educate, train 反义词:learn 词性转换: teacher (n.):教师 teaching (n.):教学;教导;(复数)学说 固定搭配: teach sb. sth. / teach sth. to sb. 教某人某事 teach sb. to do sth. 教某人做某事 teach oneself 自学 例句: My father taught me how to ride a bike. 我父亲教我如何骑自行车。 She teaches English at a high school. 她在一所高中教英语。 练习与解析: 1. Ms. Li is a very patient ______ (teach). (李老师是一位非常有耐心的老师。) 答案:teacher 解析:冠词“a”和形容词“patient”后需要接一个表示人的名词。动词“teach”加后缀“-er”构成名词 teacher,表示“教师”。 2. His ______ (teach) methods are very popular among students. (他的教学方法很受学生欢迎。) 答案:teaching 解析:此处修饰名词“methods”,需要形容词或名词作定语。动词“teach”的动名词/现在分词形式 teaching 可直接作定语,意为“教学的”。 3. nothing 词性与词义:pron. 没有东西,没有事情 近义词:not anything 反义词:everything, something 固定搭配: have nothing to do with 与…无关 nothing but 只有,只不过 for nothing 免费;徒劳 例句: There's nothing in the box. It's empty. 盒子里什么也没有。它是空的。 He is nothing but a liar. 他只不过是个骗子。 练习与解析: (注:“nothing”主要为代词,词性转换不常见,练习侧重于固定搭配或句式。) 1. Don't worry. It has ______ to do with you. (别担心,这跟你没关系。) 答案:nothing 解析:考查固定搭配 have nothing to do with,意为“与…无关”。 2. I got this book ______. A friend gave it to me. (我免费得到了这本书。一个朋友送我的。) 答案:for nothing 解析:根据句意“一个朋友送我的”,可知是“免费得到”。考查固定搭配 for nothing,意为“免费”。 4. tonight 词性与词义: n. 今晚 adv. 在今晚 近义词:this evening 固定搭配:常与一般将来时或现在进行时连用。 例句: Tonight's movie is very exciting. 今晚的电影很刺激。(作名词) I will call you tonight. 我今晚会给你打电话。(作副词) 练习与解析:(侧重用法) 1. What are you going to do ______ (tonight)? (今晚你打算做什么?) 答案:tonight 解析:句中缺少时间状语。“tonight”可直接作副词,置于句末,无需介词。 2. The weather forecast for ______ (tonight) says it might rain. (今晚的天气预报说可能会下雨。) 答案:tonight 解析:介词“for”后需要接名词。tonight 也可作名词,所有格形式 tonight's 或前面加介词构成 for tonight。 5. countryside 词性与词义:n. 乡村,农村 近义词:country, rural area 反义词:city, urban area 固定搭配: in the countryside 在乡下 例句: They enjoy the fresh air in the countryside. 他们享受乡下的新鲜空气。 My grandparents live in the countryside. 我的祖父母住在乡下。 练习与解析: 1. I prefer the quiet life of the ______ (countryside) to the noise of the city. (比起城市的喧嚣,我更喜欢乡村宁静的生活。) 答案:countryside 解析:定冠词“the”后需要名词。countryside 为不可数名词,表示“乡村”这一整体概念。 2. Many people go to the ______ (country) for a picnic on weekends. (许多人周末去郊外野餐。) 答案:country 解析:此处“the country”是固定用法,同样表示“乡下,郊外”,与“the countryside”意思相近,但更口语化。 6. pick 词性与词义:v. 采摘;挑选;捡起 近义词:choose, select, gather 反义词:reject, leave 词性转换: pickup (n.):皮卡车;好转;搭载 picky (adj.):挑剔的 固定搭配: pick up 捡起;接载;学会 pick out 挑选出 pick apples/flowers 摘苹果/花 例句: Don't pick flowers in the park. 不要采摘公园里的花。 Can you pick me up at the airport at 6 p.m.? 你能下午6点到机场接我吗? 练习与解析: 1. She's very ______ (pick) about food. She only eats a few things. (她对食物很挑剔。只吃几样东西。) 答案:picky 解析:系动词“is”后需要形容词作表语。动词“pick”加后缀“-y”构成形容词 picky,意为“挑剔的”。 2. We use a ______ (pick) truck to carry these boxes. (我们用一辆皮卡来运这些箱子。) 答案:pickup 解析:冠词“a”和名词“truck”之间需要一个词来修饰或构成复合名词。pickup truck 是固定说法,意为“皮卡车”。 7. afraid 词性:adj. (只作表语) 词义:害怕的;担心的 近义词:scared, frightened 反义词:brave, fearless 固定搭配: be afraid of (doing) sth. 害怕(做)某事 be afraid to do sth. 不敢做某事 I'm afraid (that)... 恐怕...(表示歉意或坏消息) 例句:The little girl is afraid of the dark. / I'm afraid I can't help you. 1. Don't be ______ (afraid). The dog is friendly. 2. She spoke in a low voice, full of ______ (afraid). 答案与解析: 1. afraid。系动词“be”后接形容词原级。 2. fear。介词“of”后需要名词。afraid 是形容词,其名词形式是 fear。 8. quickly 词性:adv. 词义:迅速地,很快地 近义词:fast, rapidly, swiftly 反义词:slowly 词性转换: quick (adj.):快的,迅速的 quickness (n.):迅速,敏捷(不常用) 固定搭配:修饰动词,放于句末或动词前。 例句:He ran quickly to catch the bus. 1. We need a ______ (quickly) decision. 2. Time passes so ______ (quick) when you're having fun. 答案与解析: 1. quick。修饰名词“decision”,用形容词。 2. quickly。修饰动词“passes”,用副词。口语中“quick”也可作副词,但规范写作中多用“quickly”。 9. survey 词性:n. & v. 词义:n. 调查;测量 v. 调查;勘测 近义词:n. investigation, poll; v. examine, research 词性转换: surveyor (n.):测量员;调查员 固定搭配: conduct/do a survey 进行一次调查 survey results 调查结果 例句:We conducted a survey on students' reading habits. 1. The ______ (survey) will come to measure the land tomorrow. 2. According to the latest ______ (survey), most people prefer online shopping. 答案与解析: 1. surveyor。表示执行测量工作的人。 2. survey。定冠词“the”后接名词,表示“调查(结果)”。 10. relax 词性:v. 词义:放松,休息;使松弛 近义词:unwind, rest 反义词:tense, stress 词性转换: relaxed (adj.):感到放松的(描述人) relaxing (adj.):令人放松的(描述物) relaxation (n.):放松,消遣 固定搭配: relax oneself 放松自己 例句:Listening to music helps me relax. 1. After a hot bath, I felt completely ______ (relax). 2. Reading is a good form of ______ (relax). 答案与解析: 1. relaxed。描述人“I”的感受,用 relaxed。 2. relaxation。介词“of”后需要名词形式。 11. seldom 词性:adv. 词义:不常,很少 近义词:rarely, hardly ever 反义词:often, frequently 注意:含seldom的句子视为否定句,反意疑问句用肯定形式。e.g., He seldom comes, does he? 例句:She seldom eats junk food. (侧重用法) 1. ______ (Seldom) does he get up before 7 a.m. (他很少在早上7点前起床。倒装句) 2. They are ______ late for school, are they? (他们很少上学迟到,是吗?) 答案与解析: 1. Seldom。句首用“Seldom”引起部分倒装“does he get”。 2. seldom。句中需要表示频率的副词。反意疑问句前否定,后用肯定“are they”。 12. mind 词性:n. & v. 词义:n. 头脑;想法 v. 介意;照顾 近义词:n. brain; v. care, object 反义词:v. don't care 固定搭配: Would you mind (doing) sth.? 你介意(做)…吗? make up one's mind 下定决心 keep/bear...in mind 记住... 例句:Would you mind opening the window? / I've made up my mind to study abroad. 1. She has a very sharp ______ (mind) and learns things quickly. 2. My brother ______ (mind) my dog while I was on vacation. 答案与解析: 1. mind。作名词,指“头脑”。 2. minded。根据句意“在我度假期间”,谓语动词需用过去时态,表示“照看”。 13. active 词性:adj. 词义:积极的;活跃的;主动的 近义词:energetic, lively 反义词:inactive, passive 词性转换: actively (adv.):积极地 activity (n.):活动 activate (v.):激活,启动(较高阶) 固定搭配: take an active part in 积极参加 例句:He is very active in class discussions. 1. She participates ______ (active) in all kinds of outdoor ______ (active). 2. Press the button to ______ (active) the machine. 答案与解析: 1. actively; activities。第一空修饰动词“participates”,用副词;第二空“all kinds of”后接可数名词复数。 2. activate。不定式“to”后接动词原形,表示“启动机器”这个动作。 14. instrument 词性:n. 词义:仪器;乐器;工具 近义词:tool, device, musical instrument 词性转换: instrumental (adj.):起重要作用的;乐器的 固定搭配: musical instrument 乐器 scientific instruments 科学仪器 例句:The violin is a beautiful instrument. 1. He was ______ (instrument) in setting up the new club. (他在成立新俱乐部的过程中起了重要作用。) 2. The laboratory is full of expensive ______ (instrument). 答案与解析: 1. instrumental。系动词“was”后接形容词,构成“be instrumental in doing”短语。 2. instruments。可数名词,此处用复数。 15. still 词性:adv. & adj. 词义:adv. 仍然;更 adj. 静止的,不动的 近义词:adv. yet; adj. motionless 反义词:adv. no longer; adj. moving 固定搭配:still water 静水;stand still 站着不动 例句:It's 11 p.m., and he is still working. / Please keep still while I take the photo. 1. The lake was calm and ______ (still) in the morning. 2. Are you ______ waiting for the bus? It might have already left. 答案与解析: 1. still。作形容词,与“calm”并列,描述湖面“平静、静止”。 2. still。作副词,修饰动词“waiting”,表示“仍然在等”。 16. inside 词性:prep., adv., n., adj. 词义:prep./adv. 在…里面 n. 内部 adj. 内部的 近义词:indoors, inner 反义词:outside 固定搭配: inside out 里外穿反;彻底地 on the inside 在内部 例句:It's cold outside, but warm inside. / The inside of the box is painted blue. 1. For ______ (inside) information, you need to talk to the manager. 2. Let's go ______ (inside). It's starting to rain. 答案与解析: 1. inside。修饰名词“information”,用形容词,意为“内部消息”。 2. inside。动词“go”后接地点副词,表示“进去”。 17. anywhere 词性:adv. 词义:在任何地方;无论何处 近义词:wherever 反义词:nowhere 固定搭配:用于否定句、疑问句或条件句,肯定句中常用somewhere。 例句:I can't find my keys anywhere. / You can sit anywhere you like. 1. Did you go ______ interesting during the holiday? (假期你去什么有趣的地方了吗?) 2. There isn't ______ to park the car around here. (这附近没地方停车。) 答案与解析: 1. anywhere。疑问句中,表示“任何地方”。 2. anywhere。否定句中,表示“任何地方”。 18. earphone 词性:n. 词义:耳机(常用复数) 近义词:headphone (头戴式耳机) 固定搭配:a pair of earphones 一副耳机 例句:He is listening to music with his earphones on. 1. I need to buy a new ______ (earphone). Mine is broken. (注意单复数) 2. Please take off your ______ (earphone) when the teacher is talking. 答案与解析: 1. earphone 或 pair of earphones。单数“an earphone”指一只耳机,但通常以复数形式“earphones”或“a pair of earphones”出现。 2. earphones。耳机通常成对使用,用复数。 19. bored 词性与词义:adj. 感到无聊的,感到厌烦的 (描述人的感受) 近义词:uninterested, tired of 反义词:interested, excited, entertained 词性转换: boring (adj.):令人无聊的 (描述事物性质) boredom (n.):无聊,厌倦 固定搭配: be/get bored with 对...感到厌烦 be bored to death/tears 无聊死了 例句: The students got bored with the long lecture. 学生们对冗长的讲座感到厌烦。 I was bored to tears during the movie. 我看那部电影时觉得无聊透了。 练习与解析: 1. The ______ (bore) meeting lasted for three hours. Nobody wanted to speak. 答案:boring 解析:此处修饰名词“meeting”,描述“会议”的性质是“令人无聊的”,应用 boring。 2. To fight against ______ (bore), she took up gardening as a hobby. 答案:boredom 解析:介词“against”后需要名词。bored 是形容词,其名词形式是 boredom,意为“无聊感”。 20. acting 词性与词义:n. 表演,演戏;演技 近义词:performance 词性转换: act (v./n.):表演;行为 actor/actress (n.):男/女演员 action (n.):行动;情节 固定搭配: acting skills 演技 the acting profession 表演行业 例句: Her acting in the play was amazing. 她在剧中的表演非常精彩。 He is studying acting at a famous college. 他在一所著名的学院学习表演。 练习与解析: 1. His dream is to become a professional ______ (act). 答案:actor 解析:表示职业,指“男演员”,应用名词 actor。 2. It's time to take ______ (act) to protect the environment. 答案:action 解析:考查固定搭配 take action,意为“采取行动”。 21. improve 词性与词义:v. 改进,改善;提高 近义词:better, enhance, develop 反义词:worsen, decline 词性转换: improvement (n.):改进,改善 improved (adj.):改进过的,更好的 固定搭配: improve oneself 自我提高 improve in 在...方面有进步 例句: You need to improve your handwriting. 你需要改进你的书写。 There is still room for improvement in your work. 你的工作仍有改进的余地。 练习与解析: 1. We have seen a great ______ (improve) in air quality this year. 答案:improvement 解析:冠词“a”后需要名词,且“great”修饰名词。 2. The ______ (improve) version of the app is much easier to use. 答案:improved 解析:此处修饰名词“version”,意为“改进过的版本”,应用形容词 improved。 22. Role-play 词性与词义: n. 角色扮演 v. 进行角色扮演 近义词:simulation 固定搭配: do a role-play 做一次角色扮演 role-play activity 角色扮演活动 例句: We often role-play real-life situations in our English class. 我们英语课上经常模拟真实场景进行角色扮演。 The teacher asked us to do a role-play about shopping. 老师让我们做一个关于购物的角色扮演。 练习与解析:(侧重用法) 1. ______ (Role-play) is a useful method in language learning. 答案:Role-play 解析:在句首作主语,使用其名词形式,注意首字母大写。 2. Let's ______ (role-play) a conversation between a doctor and a patient. 答案:role-play 解析:情态动词“let's”后接动词原形,此处作动词使用。 23. act 词性与词义: v. 行动;表演;起作用 n. 行为;法案;(戏剧的)幕 近义词:v. perform, behave; n. action, deed 固定搭配: act as 担任,充当 act out 表演出来 an act of kindness 善举 例句: You need to act quickly before it's too late. 你需要尽快行动,否则就太晚了。 In the play, she will act as a queen. 在剧中,她将饰演女王。 练习与解析: 1. His brave ______ (act) saved the child's life. 答案:act 或 action 解析:形容词“brave”后接名词。act 和 action 作名词时都可表示“行为”。 2. The medicine takes time to ______ (act) on the pain. 答案:act 解析:不定式“to”后接动词原形,act on 为固定搭配,意为“对…起作用”。 24. theatre (美式:theater) 词性与词义:n. 剧院,戏院;戏剧;阶梯教室 近义词:playhouse 词性转换: theatrical (adj.):戏剧的;戏剧性的 固定搭配: go to the theatre 去看戏 a theatre ticket 戏票 例句: We went to the theatre to see a new musical. 我们去剧院看了一场新的音乐剧。 He has a strong interest in theatre. 他对戏剧有浓厚的兴趣。 练习与解析: 1. Her performance was very ______ (theatre) and emotional. 答案:theatrical 解析:修饰形容词“emotional”并列,需要形容词形式 theatrical,意为“戏剧性的”。 2. The school has a small ______ (theatre) for student performances. 答案:theatre 解析:此处作名词,指“剧场,演出场所”。 25. if 词性与词义:conj. 如果;是否 近义词:whether (表“是否”时) 注意:引导条件状语从句(如果)和宾语从句(是否)。当“是否”讲时,常可与whether互换,但句首或介词后只能用whether。 固定搭配: even if 即使 as if 仿佛 if possible 如果可能的话 例句: If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home. 如果明天下雨,我们就待在家里。(条件) I don't know if/whether he will come. 我不知道他是否会来。(宾语从句) 练习与解析:(侧重用法) 1. I wonder ______ he is telling the truth. 答案:if/whether 解析:引导宾语从句,表示“是否”。 2. ______ I were you, I would accept the offer. 答案:If 解析:引导虚拟条件句,表示“如果我是你”,是对现在情况的假设。 26. fill 词性与词义:v. (使)充满,装满;填满 近义词:load, pack 反义词:empty, drain 词性转换: full (adj.):满的 filling (n.):馅料;(补牙的)填料 固定搭配: fill in 填写;临时补缺 fill out 填写(表格) fill...with... 用…装满… 例句: Please fill the bottle with water. 请把瓶子装满水。 Fill in your name and address on this form. 在这张表格上填写你的姓名和地址。 练习与解析: 1. The glass is ______ (fill) of milk. 答案:full 解析:考查固定搭配 be full of,意为“装满…”。fill 是动词,此处需形容词。 2. The ______ (fill) of the pie is made of apples. 答案:filling 解析:定冠词“the”后接名词,指“馅饼的馅料”。 27. form 词性与词义: n. 形式;表格;形状 v. 形成;组成;建立 近义词:n. shape, type; v. create, establish 固定搭配: fill in a form 填表 in the form of 以…的形式 form a habit 养成习惯 例句: Please download and fill in the application form. 请下载并填写申请表。 A plan began to form in his mind. 一个计划开始在他脑中形成。 练习与解析: 1. Ice is the solid ______ (form) of water. 答案:form 解析:作名词,意为“形式”。 2. They decided to ______ (form) a study group. 答案:form 解析:不定式“to”后接动词原形,意为“组建”。 28. weekday 词性与词义:n. 工作日 (周一至周五) 近义词:workday 反义词:weekend 词性转换:该词为复合词(week+day)。 固定搭配: on weekdays 在工作日 例句: The library is open from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. on weekdays. 图书馆工作日上午9点到下午6点开放。 I'm usually very busy on a weekday. 我工作日通常很忙。 练习与解析:(侧重用法) 1. The museum is less crowded on ______ (weekday) than on weekends. 答案:weekdays 解析:表示泛指的工作日,用复数形式 on weekdays。 2. Every ______ (weekday) morning, he takes the subway to work. 答案:weekday 解析:修饰名词“morning”,用单数形式作定语。 29. shape 词性与词义: n. 形状;外形;状况 v. 塑造;使成形;影响 近义词:n. form, figure; v. form, mold 固定搭配: in good/bad shape 身体状况好/差 take shape 成形,形成 shape one's future 塑造某人的未来 例句: The garden is in the shape of a circle. 这个花园是圆形的。 Regular exercise will help you keep in good shape. 规律锻炼能帮你保持身体健康。 练习与解析: 1. Childhood experiences often ______ (shape) a person's character. 答案:shape 解析:作谓语动词,意为“塑造”。 2. The project is finally ______ (shape) up after months of planning. 答案:taking shape (需用短语) 解析:考查固定搭配 take shape,意为“成形”。根据“is”,应用现在进行时 is taking shape。 30. gym 词性与词义:n. 健身房;体育馆;体育 近义词:fitness center, sports hall 词性转换: gymnastics (n.):体操 gymnasium (n.):体育馆 (正式全称) 固定搭配: go to the gym 去健身房 gym class 体育课 例句: He works out at the gym three times a week. 他每周去健身房锻炼三次。 We have gym on Monday and Thursday. 我们周一和周四有体育课。 练习与解析: 1. ______ (Gym) requires great strength and flexibility. 答案:Gymnastics 解析:句首作主语,表示“体操”这项运动,应用 gymnastics。 2. The school's new ______ (gym) was opened last month. 答案:gymnasium 或 gym 解析:此处作名词,指“体育馆”建筑本身,可用正式词 gymnasium 或其简称 gym。 31. pool 词性与词义:n. 水池;水塘;共用物 v. 集中共用(资金、资源等) 近义词:n. pond, puddle; v. combine, share 固定搭配: swimming pool 游泳池 car pool 拼车 pool money 凑钱 例句: The hotel has a large outdoor swimming pool. 这家酒店有一个大型户外游泳池。 Let's pool our ideas together to solve the problem. 让我们集思广益来解决这个问题。 练习与解析: 1. They decided to ______ (pool) their resources to start the business. 答案:pool 解析:不定式“to”后接动词原形,意为“集中,共用”。 2. After the rain, there were ______ (pool) of water on the road. 答案:pools 解析:作名词,意为“水坑”。由“there were”可知用复数形式。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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Unit 3单元单词表教师词汇备课2025-2026学年冀教版英语七年级下册
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Unit 3单元单词表教师词汇备课2025-2026学年冀教版英语七年级下册
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Unit 3单元单词表教师词汇备课2025-2026学年冀教版英语七年级下册
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