内容正文:
冀教版七年级下册 Unit 3 单词表
教师备课材料
1. practice
词性与词义:
n. (英式:practise) 练习;实践;惯例
v. (美式拼写,同英式practise) 练习;训练;经常做
近义词:n. training, exercise; v. rehearse, train
反义词:n. theory; v. neglect
词性转换:
practiced (adj.):熟练的,经验丰富的
practical (adj.):实际的,实用的
固定搭配:
practice doing sth. 练习做某事
in practice 实际上;在实践中
out of practice 生疏,久不练习
例句:
Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。(谚语)
She practices playing the piano for two hours every day. 她每天练习弹钢琴两小时。
练习与解析:
1. He is a highly ______ (practice) doctor with 20 years of experience. (他是一位有20年经验、技术娴熟的医生。)答案:practiced
解析:此处修饰名词“doctor”,需要形容词。根据句意“有20年经验的”,应选用表示“熟练的、经验丰富的”形容词 practiced。
2. We need to find a ______ (practice) solution to this problem. (我们需要找到一个解决这个问题的实际办法。)答案:practical
解析:此处修饰名词“solution”,需要形容词。根据句意“解决问题的办法”,应选用表示“实际的、可行的”形容词 practical。
2. teach
词性与词义:v. 教,讲授;教导
近义词:instruct, educate, train
反义词:learn
词性转换:
teacher (n.):教师
teaching (n.):教学;教导;(复数)学说
固定搭配:
teach sb. sth. / teach sth. to sb. 教某人某事
teach sb. to do sth. 教某人做某事
teach oneself 自学
例句:
My father taught me how to ride a bike. 我父亲教我如何骑自行车。
She teaches English at a high school. 她在一所高中教英语。
练习与解析:
1. Ms. Li is a very patient ______ (teach). (李老师是一位非常有耐心的老师。)
答案:teacher
解析:冠词“a”和形容词“patient”后需要接一个表示人的名词。动词“teach”加后缀“-er”构成名词 teacher,表示“教师”。
2. His ______ (teach) methods are very popular among students. (他的教学方法很受学生欢迎。)
答案:teaching
解析:此处修饰名词“methods”,需要形容词或名词作定语。动词“teach”的动名词/现在分词形式 teaching 可直接作定语,意为“教学的”。
3. nothing
词性与词义:pron. 没有东西,没有事情
近义词:not anything
反义词:everything, something
固定搭配:
have nothing to do with 与…无关
nothing but 只有,只不过
for nothing 免费;徒劳
例句:
There's nothing in the box. It's empty. 盒子里什么也没有。它是空的。
He is nothing but a liar. 他只不过是个骗子。
练习与解析:
(注:“nothing”主要为代词,词性转换不常见,练习侧重于固定搭配或句式。)
1. Don't worry. It has ______ to do with you. (别担心,这跟你没关系。)
答案:nothing
解析:考查固定搭配 have nothing to do with,意为“与…无关”。
2. I got this book ______. A friend gave it to me. (我免费得到了这本书。一个朋友送我的。)
答案:for nothing
解析:根据句意“一个朋友送我的”,可知是“免费得到”。考查固定搭配 for nothing,意为“免费”。
4. tonight
词性与词义:
n. 今晚
adv. 在今晚
近义词:this evening
固定搭配:常与一般将来时或现在进行时连用。
例句:
Tonight's movie is very exciting. 今晚的电影很刺激。(作名词)
I will call you tonight. 我今晚会给你打电话。(作副词)
练习与解析:(侧重用法)
1. What are you going to do ______ (tonight)? (今晚你打算做什么?)
答案:tonight
解析:句中缺少时间状语。“tonight”可直接作副词,置于句末,无需介词。
2. The weather forecast for ______ (tonight) says it might rain. (今晚的天气预报说可能会下雨。)
答案:tonight
解析:介词“for”后需要接名词。tonight 也可作名词,所有格形式 tonight's 或前面加介词构成 for tonight。
5. countryside
词性与词义:n. 乡村,农村
近义词:country, rural area
反义词:city, urban area
固定搭配:
in the countryside 在乡下
例句:
They enjoy the fresh air in the countryside. 他们享受乡下的新鲜空气。
My grandparents live in the countryside. 我的祖父母住在乡下。
练习与解析:
1. I prefer the quiet life of the ______ (countryside) to the noise of the city. (比起城市的喧嚣,我更喜欢乡村宁静的生活。)
答案:countryside
解析:定冠词“the”后需要名词。countryside 为不可数名词,表示“乡村”这一整体概念。
2. Many people go to the ______ (country) for a picnic on weekends. (许多人周末去郊外野餐。)
答案:country
解析:此处“the country”是固定用法,同样表示“乡下,郊外”,与“the countryside”意思相近,但更口语化。
6. pick
词性与词义:v. 采摘;挑选;捡起
近义词:choose, select, gather
反义词:reject, leave
词性转换:
pickup (n.):皮卡车;好转;搭载
picky (adj.):挑剔的
固定搭配:
pick up 捡起;接载;学会
pick out 挑选出
pick apples/flowers 摘苹果/花
例句:
Don't pick flowers in the park. 不要采摘公园里的花。
Can you pick me up at the airport at 6 p.m.? 你能下午6点到机场接我吗?
练习与解析:
1. She's very ______ (pick) about food. She only eats a few things. (她对食物很挑剔。只吃几样东西。)
答案:picky
解析:系动词“is”后需要形容词作表语。动词“pick”加后缀“-y”构成形容词 picky,意为“挑剔的”。
2. We use a ______ (pick) truck to carry these boxes. (我们用一辆皮卡来运这些箱子。)
答案:pickup
解析:冠词“a”和名词“truck”之间需要一个词来修饰或构成复合名词。pickup truck 是固定说法,意为“皮卡车”。
7. afraid
词性:adj. (只作表语)
词义:害怕的;担心的
近义词:scared, frightened
反义词:brave, fearless
固定搭配:
be afraid of (doing) sth. 害怕(做)某事
be afraid to do sth. 不敢做某事
I'm afraid (that)... 恐怕...(表示歉意或坏消息)
例句:The little girl is afraid of the dark. / I'm afraid I can't help you.
1. Don't be ______ (afraid). The dog is friendly.
2. She spoke in a low voice, full of ______ (afraid).
答案与解析:
1. afraid。系动词“be”后接形容词原级。
2. fear。介词“of”后需要名词。afraid 是形容词,其名词形式是 fear。
8. quickly
词性:adv.
词义:迅速地,很快地
近义词:fast, rapidly, swiftly
反义词:slowly
词性转换:
quick (adj.):快的,迅速的
quickness (n.):迅速,敏捷(不常用)
固定搭配:修饰动词,放于句末或动词前。
例句:He ran quickly to catch the bus.
1. We need a ______ (quickly) decision.
2. Time passes so ______ (quick) when you're having fun.
答案与解析:
1. quick。修饰名词“decision”,用形容词。
2. quickly。修饰动词“passes”,用副词。口语中“quick”也可作副词,但规范写作中多用“quickly”。
9. survey
词性:n. & v.
词义:n. 调查;测量 v. 调查;勘测
近义词:n. investigation, poll; v. examine, research
词性转换:
surveyor (n.):测量员;调查员
固定搭配:
conduct/do a survey 进行一次调查
survey results 调查结果
例句:We conducted a survey on students' reading habits.
1. The ______ (survey) will come to measure the land tomorrow.
2. According to the latest ______ (survey), most people prefer online shopping.
答案与解析:
1. surveyor。表示执行测量工作的人。
2. survey。定冠词“the”后接名词,表示“调查(结果)”。
10. relax
词性:v.
词义:放松,休息;使松弛
近义词:unwind, rest
反义词:tense, stress
词性转换:
relaxed (adj.):感到放松的(描述人)
relaxing (adj.):令人放松的(描述物)
relaxation (n.):放松,消遣
固定搭配:
relax oneself 放松自己
例句:Listening to music helps me relax.
1. After a hot bath, I felt completely ______ (relax).
2. Reading is a good form of ______ (relax).
答案与解析:
1. relaxed。描述人“I”的感受,用 relaxed。
2. relaxation。介词“of”后需要名词形式。
11. seldom
词性:adv.
词义:不常,很少
近义词:rarely, hardly ever
反义词:often, frequently
注意:含seldom的句子视为否定句,反意疑问句用肯定形式。e.g., He seldom comes, does he?
例句:She seldom eats junk food.
(侧重用法)
1. ______ (Seldom) does he get up before 7 a.m. (他很少在早上7点前起床。倒装句)
2. They are ______ late for school, are they? (他们很少上学迟到,是吗?)
答案与解析:
1. Seldom。句首用“Seldom”引起部分倒装“does he get”。
2. seldom。句中需要表示频率的副词。反意疑问句前否定,后用肯定“are they”。
12. mind
词性:n. & v.
词义:n. 头脑;想法 v. 介意;照顾
近义词:n. brain; v. care, object
反义词:v. don't care
固定搭配:
Would you mind (doing) sth.? 你介意(做)…吗?
make up one's mind 下定决心
keep/bear...in mind 记住...
例句:Would you mind opening the window? / I've made up my mind to study abroad.
1. She has a very sharp ______ (mind) and learns things quickly.
2. My brother ______ (mind) my dog while I was on vacation.
答案与解析:
1. mind。作名词,指“头脑”。
2. minded。根据句意“在我度假期间”,谓语动词需用过去时态,表示“照看”。
13. active
词性:adj.
词义:积极的;活跃的;主动的
近义词:energetic, lively
反义词:inactive, passive
词性转换:
actively (adv.):积极地
activity (n.):活动
activate (v.):激活,启动(较高阶)
固定搭配:
take an active part in 积极参加
例句:He is very active in class discussions.
1. She participates ______ (active) in all kinds of outdoor ______ (active).
2. Press the button to ______ (active) the machine.
答案与解析:
1. actively; activities。第一空修饰动词“participates”,用副词;第二空“all kinds of”后接可数名词复数。
2. activate。不定式“to”后接动词原形,表示“启动机器”这个动作。
14. instrument
词性:n.
词义:仪器;乐器;工具
近义词:tool, device, musical instrument
词性转换:
instrumental (adj.):起重要作用的;乐器的
固定搭配:
musical instrument 乐器
scientific instruments 科学仪器
例句:The violin is a beautiful instrument.
1. He was ______ (instrument) in setting up the new club. (他在成立新俱乐部的过程中起了重要作用。)
2. The laboratory is full of expensive ______ (instrument).
答案与解析:
1. instrumental。系动词“was”后接形容词,构成“be instrumental in doing”短语。
2. instruments。可数名词,此处用复数。
15. still
词性:adv. & adj.
词义:adv. 仍然;更 adj. 静止的,不动的
近义词:adv. yet; adj. motionless
反义词:adv. no longer; adj. moving
固定搭配:still water 静水;stand still 站着不动
例句:It's 11 p.m., and he is still working. / Please keep still while I take the photo.
1. The lake was calm and ______ (still) in the morning.
2. Are you ______ waiting for the bus? It might have already left.
答案与解析:
1. still。作形容词,与“calm”并列,描述湖面“平静、静止”。
2. still。作副词,修饰动词“waiting”,表示“仍然在等”。
16. inside
词性:prep., adv., n., adj.
词义:prep./adv. 在…里面 n. 内部 adj. 内部的
近义词:indoors, inner
反义词:outside
固定搭配:
inside out 里外穿反;彻底地
on the inside 在内部
例句:It's cold outside, but warm inside. / The inside of the box is painted blue.
1. For ______ (inside) information, you need to talk to the manager.
2. Let's go ______ (inside). It's starting to rain.
答案与解析:
1. inside。修饰名词“information”,用形容词,意为“内部消息”。
2. inside。动词“go”后接地点副词,表示“进去”。
17. anywhere
词性:adv.
词义:在任何地方;无论何处
近义词:wherever
反义词:nowhere
固定搭配:用于否定句、疑问句或条件句,肯定句中常用somewhere。
例句:I can't find my keys anywhere. / You can sit anywhere you like.
1. Did you go ______ interesting during the holiday? (假期你去什么有趣的地方了吗?)
2. There isn't ______ to park the car around here. (这附近没地方停车。)
答案与解析:
1. anywhere。疑问句中,表示“任何地方”。
2. anywhere。否定句中,表示“任何地方”。
18. earphone
词性:n.
词义:耳机(常用复数)
近义词:headphone (头戴式耳机)
固定搭配:a pair of earphones 一副耳机
例句:He is listening to music with his earphones on.
1. I need to buy a new ______ (earphone). Mine is broken. (注意单复数)
2. Please take off your ______ (earphone) when the teacher is talking.
答案与解析:
1. earphone 或 pair of earphones。单数“an earphone”指一只耳机,但通常以复数形式“earphones”或“a pair of earphones”出现。
2. earphones。耳机通常成对使用,用复数。
19. bored
词性与词义:adj. 感到无聊的,感到厌烦的 (描述人的感受)
近义词:uninterested, tired of
反义词:interested, excited, entertained
词性转换:
boring (adj.):令人无聊的 (描述事物性质)
boredom (n.):无聊,厌倦
固定搭配:
be/get bored with 对...感到厌烦
be bored to death/tears 无聊死了
例句:
The students got bored with the long lecture. 学生们对冗长的讲座感到厌烦。
I was bored to tears during the movie. 我看那部电影时觉得无聊透了。
练习与解析:
1. The ______ (bore) meeting lasted for three hours. Nobody wanted to speak.
答案:boring
解析:此处修饰名词“meeting”,描述“会议”的性质是“令人无聊的”,应用 boring。
2. To fight against ______ (bore), she took up gardening as a hobby.
答案:boredom
解析:介词“against”后需要名词。bored 是形容词,其名词形式是 boredom,意为“无聊感”。
20. acting
词性与词义:n. 表演,演戏;演技
近义词:performance
词性转换:
act (v./n.):表演;行为
actor/actress (n.):男/女演员
action (n.):行动;情节
固定搭配:
acting skills 演技
the acting profession 表演行业
例句:
Her acting in the play was amazing. 她在剧中的表演非常精彩。
He is studying acting at a famous college. 他在一所著名的学院学习表演。
练习与解析:
1. His dream is to become a professional ______ (act).
答案:actor
解析:表示职业,指“男演员”,应用名词 actor。
2. It's time to take ______ (act) to protect the environment.
答案:action
解析:考查固定搭配 take action,意为“采取行动”。
21. improve
词性与词义:v. 改进,改善;提高
近义词:better, enhance, develop
反义词:worsen, decline
词性转换:
improvement (n.):改进,改善
improved (adj.):改进过的,更好的
固定搭配:
improve oneself 自我提高
improve in 在...方面有进步
例句:
You need to improve your handwriting. 你需要改进你的书写。
There is still room for improvement in your work. 你的工作仍有改进的余地。
练习与解析:
1. We have seen a great ______ (improve) in air quality this year.
答案:improvement
解析:冠词“a”后需要名词,且“great”修饰名词。
2. The ______ (improve) version of the app is much easier to use.
答案:improved
解析:此处修饰名词“version”,意为“改进过的版本”,应用形容词 improved。
22. Role-play
词性与词义:
n. 角色扮演
v. 进行角色扮演
近义词:simulation
固定搭配:
do a role-play 做一次角色扮演
role-play activity 角色扮演活动
例句:
We often role-play real-life situations in our English class. 我们英语课上经常模拟真实场景进行角色扮演。
The teacher asked us to do a role-play about shopping. 老师让我们做一个关于购物的角色扮演。
练习与解析:(侧重用法)
1. ______ (Role-play) is a useful method in language learning.
答案:Role-play
解析:在句首作主语,使用其名词形式,注意首字母大写。
2. Let's ______ (role-play) a conversation between a doctor and a patient.
答案:role-play
解析:情态动词“let's”后接动词原形,此处作动词使用。
23. act
词性与词义:
v. 行动;表演;起作用
n. 行为;法案;(戏剧的)幕
近义词:v. perform, behave; n. action, deed
固定搭配:
act as 担任,充当
act out 表演出来
an act of kindness 善举
例句:
You need to act quickly before it's too late. 你需要尽快行动,否则就太晚了。
In the play, she will act as a queen. 在剧中,她将饰演女王。
练习与解析:
1. His brave ______ (act) saved the child's life.
答案:act 或 action
解析:形容词“brave”后接名词。act 和 action 作名词时都可表示“行为”。
2. The medicine takes time to ______ (act) on the pain.
答案:act
解析:不定式“to”后接动词原形,act on 为固定搭配,意为“对…起作用”。
24. theatre (美式:theater)
词性与词义:n. 剧院,戏院;戏剧;阶梯教室
近义词:playhouse
词性转换:
theatrical (adj.):戏剧的;戏剧性的
固定搭配:
go to the theatre 去看戏
a theatre ticket 戏票
例句:
We went to the theatre to see a new musical. 我们去剧院看了一场新的音乐剧。
He has a strong interest in theatre. 他对戏剧有浓厚的兴趣。
练习与解析:
1. Her performance was very ______ (theatre) and emotional.
答案:theatrical
解析:修饰形容词“emotional”并列,需要形容词形式 theatrical,意为“戏剧性的”。
2. The school has a small ______ (theatre) for student performances.
答案:theatre
解析:此处作名词,指“剧场,演出场所”。
25. if
词性与词义:conj. 如果;是否
近义词:whether (表“是否”时)
注意:引导条件状语从句(如果)和宾语从句(是否)。当“是否”讲时,常可与whether互换,但句首或介词后只能用whether。
固定搭配:
even if 即使
as if 仿佛
if possible 如果可能的话
例句:
If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home. 如果明天下雨,我们就待在家里。(条件)
I don't know if/whether he will come. 我不知道他是否会来。(宾语从句)
练习与解析:(侧重用法)
1. I wonder ______ he is telling the truth.
答案:if/whether
解析:引导宾语从句,表示“是否”。
2. ______ I were you, I would accept the offer.
答案:If
解析:引导虚拟条件句,表示“如果我是你”,是对现在情况的假设。
26. fill
词性与词义:v. (使)充满,装满;填满
近义词:load, pack
反义词:empty, drain
词性转换:
full (adj.):满的
filling (n.):馅料;(补牙的)填料
固定搭配:
fill in 填写;临时补缺
fill out 填写(表格)
fill...with... 用…装满…
例句:
Please fill the bottle with water. 请把瓶子装满水。
Fill in your name and address on this form. 在这张表格上填写你的姓名和地址。
练习与解析:
1. The glass is ______ (fill) of milk.
答案:full
解析:考查固定搭配 be full of,意为“装满…”。fill 是动词,此处需形容词。
2. The ______ (fill) of the pie is made of apples.
答案:filling
解析:定冠词“the”后接名词,指“馅饼的馅料”。
27. form
词性与词义:
n. 形式;表格;形状
v. 形成;组成;建立
近义词:n. shape, type; v. create, establish
固定搭配:
fill in a form 填表
in the form of 以…的形式
form a habit 养成习惯
例句:
Please download and fill in the application form. 请下载并填写申请表。
A plan began to form in his mind. 一个计划开始在他脑中形成。
练习与解析:
1. Ice is the solid ______ (form) of water.
答案:form
解析:作名词,意为“形式”。
2. They decided to ______ (form) a study group.
答案:form
解析:不定式“to”后接动词原形,意为“组建”。
28. weekday
词性与词义:n. 工作日 (周一至周五)
近义词:workday
反义词:weekend
词性转换:该词为复合词(week+day)。
固定搭配:
on weekdays 在工作日
例句:
The library is open from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. on weekdays. 图书馆工作日上午9点到下午6点开放。
I'm usually very busy on a weekday. 我工作日通常很忙。
练习与解析:(侧重用法)
1. The museum is less crowded on ______ (weekday) than on weekends.
答案:weekdays
解析:表示泛指的工作日,用复数形式 on weekdays。
2. Every ______ (weekday) morning, he takes the subway to work.
答案:weekday
解析:修饰名词“morning”,用单数形式作定语。
29. shape
词性与词义:
n. 形状;外形;状况
v. 塑造;使成形;影响
近义词:n. form, figure; v. form, mold
固定搭配:
in good/bad shape 身体状况好/差
take shape 成形,形成
shape one's future 塑造某人的未来
例句:
The garden is in the shape of a circle. 这个花园是圆形的。
Regular exercise will help you keep in good shape. 规律锻炼能帮你保持身体健康。
练习与解析:
1. Childhood experiences often ______ (shape) a person's character.
答案:shape
解析:作谓语动词,意为“塑造”。
2. The project is finally ______ (shape) up after months of planning.
答案:taking shape (需用短语)
解析:考查固定搭配 take shape,意为“成形”。根据“is”,应用现在进行时 is taking shape。
30. gym
词性与词义:n. 健身房;体育馆;体育
近义词:fitness center, sports hall
词性转换:
gymnastics (n.):体操
gymnasium (n.):体育馆 (正式全称)
固定搭配:
go to the gym 去健身房
gym class 体育课
例句:
He works out at the gym three times a week. 他每周去健身房锻炼三次。
We have gym on Monday and Thursday. 我们周一和周四有体育课。
练习与解析:
1. ______ (Gym) requires great strength and flexibility.
答案:Gymnastics
解析:句首作主语,表示“体操”这项运动,应用 gymnastics。
2. The school's new ______ (gym) was opened last month.
答案:gymnasium 或 gym
解析:此处作名词,指“体育馆”建筑本身,可用正式词 gymnasium 或其简称 gym。
31. pool
词性与词义:n. 水池;水塘;共用物 v. 集中共用(资金、资源等)
近义词:n. pond, puddle; v. combine, share
固定搭配:
swimming pool 游泳池
car pool 拼车
pool money 凑钱
例句:
The hotel has a large outdoor swimming pool. 这家酒店有一个大型户外游泳池。
Let's pool our ideas together to solve the problem. 让我们集思广益来解决这个问题。
练习与解析:
1. They decided to ______ (pool) their resources to start the business.
答案:pool
解析:不定式“to”后接动词原形,意为“集中,共用”。
2. After the rain, there were ______ (pool) of water on the road.
答案:pools
解析:作名词,意为“水坑”。由“there were”可知用复数形式。
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