上海市普陀区曹杨第二中学2025-2026学年高三上学期期中考试英语试卷

上海市曹杨二中2025-2026学年高三上学期期中考试 英语试卷 考生注意: 1、答卷前，考生务必将姓名、班级、学号等在指定位置填写清楚。 2、本试卷共有56 道试题，满分115 分，考试时间105 分钟。请考生用黑色水笔或钢笔将答案直接写在答题卷上。 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks use one word that best fits. The Science Of Scratching Mom knew what she was talking about after all: Scratching really does make the itch worse. Good (1) ________ it feels, the burst of ecstasy (狂喜) you get from clawing your irritated skin only prolongs a vicious itch-scratch cycle, putting true relief (2) _________(far) out of reach. But why? Though itch has troubled our species for thousands of years, scientists have just begun to comprehend the physiological mechanisms (3) _________it. Over the past couple of decades, research has shown (4) ________ scratching taps into our brains’ reward and immune systems, producing a strange mix of sensations that makes it all but impossible to resist. “You scratch to feel better,” says Brian Kim, a neuroimmunologist at Mount Sinai’s Icahn School of Medicine, “but in doing so, you actually activate immune pathways that are counterproductive.” In 1660, a definition of itch arose that’s still in use today: an unpleasant sensation that provokes the desire to scratch. It results from (5) ________ from insect bites and poisonous plants to allergic reactions and skin conditions like eczema (湿疹). Until recently, itch was considered a form of mild pain (6) ________(arise) from the weak activation of pain receptors. This “intensity theory” speculated that itch stood at one end of the pain spectrum, and (7) ________(transition) all the way to full-blown suffering as a stimulus grew stronger. But in 2014, Zhou-Feng Chen, an itch researcher then at Washington University, discovered that serotonin (the mood-regulating “happiness hormone”) plays a big role in perpetuating (使永久) the itch-scratch cycle. The research team found that when mice scratch an itch, their brains release a surge of serotonin, resulting in a moment of pure bliss. These results were consistent with a PLOS One study from the previous year, which showed that scratching activates the brain regions (8) _________(involve) in the reward circuit, a neural network that floods the body with euphoria-inducing chemicals in response to pleasurable activities and substances. It’s the same system (9) ________ underlies addiction, which isn’t surprising if you’ve ever lost an hour scratching at mosquito bites. But Kim notes there’s another side to this coin: the longing not to feel pleasure (10) ________ to ease discomfort. “That’s what’s so complex about it,” he says. “There are different levels at which you need to scratch.” Section B Directions: Complete the following sentences or passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. notably B. supplements C. stimulates D. translated E. rigorous F. documented  G. leading H. properties I. barrier J. incorporating K. ideally Dandelion May Have Distinct Health Benefits The common yellow weed has leaves rich in vitamins and may boost health in other ways, but it’s understudied in comparison to other nutraceuticals (营养保健品). The first known _____11_____ use of dandelion benefits occurred in China around 657 C.E. during the Tang Dynasty, when it was noted as an effective treatment for breast swelling and pain. In the coming centuries, it was used to detoxify sores. A 2021 literature review in the Bulletin of the National Research Centre examined 54 studies that tested the benefits of dandelion and found that it has many protective _____12_____, including as a diuretic, immune booster, anti-inflammatory treatment, and even potential diabetic aid. _____13_____, most studies with dandelion have been conducted in test tubes or with mice. Without more _____14_____ studies, medical practitioners will likely hesitate to integrate it into their work. “What health care providers want to see is clinical evidence, at least double-blind, randomized control studies. _____15_____, they’d like to see a meta-analysis or two,” says Jean Bokelmann, a medical doctor and the author of Medicinal Herbs in Primary Care: An Evidence-Guided Reference for Healthcare Providers. In her book, Bokelmann examined 55 herbs. Of those, dandelion had been the least studied, which she says poses a considerable _____16_____ to its adoption in clinical practice. Dandelion or _____17_____ extracted from it can be used at home, although consumers should be aware that all of them are loosely regulated by the FDA. Bokelmann recommends discussing dandelion usage with a medical care provider-just as a patient would do with any other nutraceutical -to see if it is right for them. Dandelion, for example, _____18_____ the secretion (分泌) of bile from the liver, so she says it might not be right for people with liver conditions. For people who want to try _____19_____ fresh dandelion into their diet, young plants from the yard will suffice. Bokelmann grabs a few early in the season and adds them to salads because they are high in vitamins C and K. When grabbing dandelion from the ground, she recommends digging up the roots. Bokelmann doesn’t think attitudes toward dandelion will change in the near future. Private industry is often responsible for _____20_____ the charge for new remedies. “What private industry will want to study dandelions when everyone has them in their yards?” she asks. II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Waiting in line is a suffering of modernity. According to David Andrews’s book, Why Does the Other Line Always Move Faster? , it wasn’t _____21_____ until the Industrial Revolution synchronized (同步) workers’ schedules, causing lines during lunch hours and evenings. Given that Americans are estimated to collectively waste tens of billions of hours a year in lines, it’s no wonder that some people try to cut, and others _____22_____ hate them. Yet jumping the queue without _____23_____ violence is possible. First, pick the right queue. It’s virtually impossible to cut the line for a once-in-a-lifetime event-the Cubs playing the World Series, say. But in a _____24_____ scenario (场景) like a security line, people are more likely to let you in, perhaps because they anticipate needing a similar favor someday. Using game theory to determine what conditions would make line-cutting socially _____25_____, researchers found that people queuing just once display little tolerance for line-cutting. But when the queue comes again, people let in intruders (入侵者) who claim an urgent need or who require minimal service time. An excuse for cutting helps, but it needn’t be bulletproof. In one much-cited study, experimenters tried to jump photocopier queues using one of three explanations. A small, polite request without _____26_____—“Excuse me, I have five pages. May I use the Xerox machine?”-enabled them to cut 60 percent of the time. Adding that they were rushed allowed them to cut 94 percent of the time. And “May I use the Xerox machine, because I need to make copies?” was almost as _____27_____, despite its weakness. The person _____28_____ behind an intrusion usually gets to decide whether to allow it, according to a study co-authored by the psychologist Stanley Milgram. If that person doesn't _____29_____, other queuers tend to stay quiet. The experiment also found that two intruders brought about greater anger than one-so if you’re going to line-jump, travel _____30_____. Keep in mind that _____31_____ for line-cutting varies across cultures. One survey of foreigners living in Spain revealed many national differences in queuing rules. An Irish respondent was very angry, “They say ‘I just want to ask a quick question’ and go right up to the counter... I’m ready to _____32_____.” Back in America the worst of line-cutting is _____33_____ you’re not doing it. Like members of any community, queuers want their customs _____34_____. So if you must cut, just ask-nicely. Doing so enhances the social contract, and it _____35_____. 21.A. difficult  B. necessary  C. common  D. unusual 22.A. bitterly  B. illogically  C. casually  D. surprisingly 23.A. rejecting  B. understanding  C. inviting  D. continuing 24.A. realistic  B. violent  C. repeating  D. complicated 25.A. permissible  B. visible  C. inflexible  D. indefensible 26.A. prediction  B. opposition  C. recognition  D. justification 27.A. neutral  B. effective  C. relevant  D. variable 28.A. randomly  B. distantly  C. fortunately  D. directly 29.A. agree  B. object  C. leave  D. stay 30.A. extensively  B. alone  C. far  D. happily 31.A. demand  B. potential  C. foundation  D. tolerance 32.A. struggle  B. believe  C. explode  D. respond 33.A. pretending  B. confessing  C. remembering  D. confirming 34.A. recorded  B. observed  C. evaluated  D. standardized 35.A. fails  B. stops  C. begins  D. works Section B Directions: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) My grandmother loved baking and was, therefore, an excellent baker. I can still see her massaging flour, sugar, eggs, yeast, butter and milk into dough (面团) and injecting the pastry with jam to make buhtelini. I can still hear her saying that to her, a sustainable farmer, baking was the closest she could get to “the world of art”. I regret never telling her that even though she wasn’t graced with the life of an artist, she was nevertheless weaving something larger than her: a culture. Maybe she understood what she was doing after all. Once, she instructed me to never follow her recipes, but instead to adapt them however I saw fit. A culture, she was essentially saying, should be modified in line with the tastes and needs of the times. Well. I have altered most of my grandmother’s recipes, apart from the one-her recipe for potica, a traditional Slovenian pastry usually served at holiday, birthday and special celebrations. In essence, it is a roll made of leavened paper-thin dough, most often stuffed with walnut filling and raisins (核桃馅和葡萄干). Calling potica a “filled roll”, makes it seem easy to prepare, but it requires hours of work. The most painful part is grinding (碾碎) the walnuts. Before my grandmother began using a grinder, we filled a bag with walnuts and beat the bag with a hammer, until the nuts turned to paste. Ah, but why not simply buy a kilo of ground Californian walnuts? Oh! Because the secret to the best potica known to humans is walnuts from a tree that grows on my grandmother’s farm. This 15-meter-tall tree is an amusement park for crows and insects, and is also often populated by courageous children. It bears the sweetest walnuts. Was, bore, I should write. In the past decade, the 30-year-old tree has changed. At first, the romantic in me wanted to believe it was mourning my grandmother’s death and just couldn’t yield sweet nuts any more. Next, I turned to common sense. Walnut harvests, I told myself, differ from season to season, so our half-empty baskets are nothing to worry about. However, after the fifth poor harvest with dry, bitter fruit, I understood that I was witnessing something better known as decay. In suitable conditions, walnut trees in our region can live up to 100 years and yield nuts until they’re middle-aged. But the circumstances for that particular potica tree have worsened. The trees endure frost and snow, heat and strong winds, storms and floods, and heavily polluted air, water, soil. Well, I spotted a sign of hope for poticas early this year. A sapling next to the dying tree. Perhaps the dying tree delivered all its remaining nutrients to this sapling, whispering: “The preservationists are already here, trust me.” 36.What was the primary reason the grandmother considered baking as close to “the world of art”? A. The use of unique ingredients. B. The precision required in baking. C. The therapeutic nature of the baking process. D. The creative and cultural significance of baking. 37.What did the grandmother advise the author regarding her recipes? A. To strictly follow the recipes as they were. B. To adapt the recipes according to personal taste. C. To share the recipes with others in their original form. D. To learn traditional recipes from other cultures instead. 38.Why were the words “Was, bore” italicized (斜体) in the passage? A. To emphasize the tree’s historical significance on the farm. B. To showcase the author’s admiration for the tree’s longevity. C. To indicate a transition from past to present in the tree’s state. D. To highlight the author’s uncertainty about the tree’s current condition. 39.How did the author feel according to the last paragraph? A. Sad at the decay of the walnut tree. B. Hopeful about the future of the walnut tree. C. Indifferent to the changes in the walnut tree. D. Unpleased with the new sapling next to the dying tree. (B) The best white noise machines for a good night’s sleep Sleep is crucial to health. But disruptive (扰乱的) noises can prevent you from falling asleep. White noise machines could help, according to one study. LectroFan Classic MASKS NOISE: LectroFan Classic helps block out disruptive environmental noises. It can help improve sleep, focus, privacy, and relaxation. 20 NON-REPEATING SOUNDS: A total of 20 unique non-repeating, digitally created sounds. 10 fan sounds & 10 white noise variations, including pink & brown noise. SAFE: Safe, solid-state design is powered by AC (交流电) or USB and dynamically creates unique, non-repeating sounds. VOLUME CONTROL: Precise volume control allows you to set the perfect level for your unique environment. Yogasleep Rohm+ EFFECTIVELY MASKS NOISE: The Rohm effectively cancels out noises that may disturb or distract you for improved sleep and concentration. GENTLE SOUNDS: 20 different sounds including music, nature, white, pink, and brown noise, as well as Bluetooth speaker features to allow you to play your own music or sounds and to make a conference call on the road when you need. CRUSH (压坏) RESISTANT: Stylish, crush-resistant travel case fits perfectly with Yogasleep Rohm white noise machines. BATTERY OPERATED: Rechargeable through USB. Hatch Rest+ BEST FOR BABIES: Sound machine - keep your little one dreaming with sounds like white noise, wind, and rain. Night light - make midnight feedings comforting and the dark less scary with a calming light. Time-to-Rise - set up this light and sound combination to let your early riser know when it’s time to rise. Built-in two-way sound monitor. POWERED BY: AC and rechargeable. Loftie Clock FAVORITE CLOCK: Loftie Clock uses sound and lights to help ease you into and out of sleep. GENTLY UNWIND: Enjoy over 100 free tracks, from breathwork and sound baths to all kinds of white noise and nature sounds. AI-GENERATED PERSONAL STORIES: Loftie’s Magic Story Maker AI has an upgraded feature that lets you create sleep stories with Typeform. It then uses ChatGPT and ElevenLabs AI to craft your story. Unlocking the Magic Story Maker AI requires an upgrade to a Loftie+ account in the app ($5 per month). POWERED BY: AC power 40._____ is the most suitable for Joana, whose baby sleeps in her room. A. LectroFan Classic B. Yogasleep Rohm+ C. Hatch Rest+ D. Loftie Clock 41.If you want to buy a white noise machine for your friend Tim, who often travels on business, you need to pay _____. A. 34.95.B.40.03. C. 159.99.D.149.00. 42.What can be learned about the four white noise machines? A. The four of them can all produce white noise and nature sounds. B. One of them can help you create your own sleep stories for free. C. Two of them can be powered by both AC and rechargeable batteries. D. Two of them can not only help you fall asleep but also wake you up. (C) If you know someone with borderline personality disorder (BPD), you’re aware of how quickly they can step up from mild annoyance to outbursts of anger. However, Sonya Varma, a professor from York University, wondered, do people with BPD have problems in all aspects of this process? Could they have an as-yet-undiscovered set of emotional strengths? According to new research by Varma and her colleagues, emotion regulation involves both the internal reactions of the body and the conscious efforts people make to label those bodily feelings. This labeling process, they maintain, could make all the difference when it comes to settling back down and putting the mind back at rest. To tease apart these features of emotion regulation, Varma designed an experimental situation in which they put participants into an “emotion induction (引导)” treatment. Participants read a story that was intended to cause a negative emotion such as a hit-and-run car accident or the death of your dog. The sample included 29 participants with diagnosed BPD who were age- and sex-matched with healthy controls, and they ranged in age from 18 to 60. To examine the effect of labeling, Varma asked their participants to type their current emotional states into a computer, choosing from a set they saw on the screen. They could use the same word multiple times if they wished. If indeed people with BPD have difficulty labeling their emotions, then this fault should have been reflected in their ability to return to baseline (起点) after the negative emotion induction. However, the findings surprisingly ran counter to the research team’s expectations: People with BPD were equal to the control participants in the negativity of their expressed emotion, the intensity of that emotion, and even the words they used to describe their emotions. Although using a wider range of words following the emotion induction helped to bring about greater physiological control for all participants, there were no differences between groups in this effect. Given its role in helping restore physiological peace, it appears that regardless of whether someone has BPD or not, it can be beneficial to learn to label your emotions. When you’re starting down the pathway of experiencing a negative emotion, you can benefit by applying an accurate label to that emotion as opposed to holding it back or calling it something else. This can potentially prevent engagement in destructive behaviors that may function to downregulate emotion such as self-harm. To sum up, this new information about BPD can offer hope that at least one key element of the emotion regulation process appears to function effectively. Building on this strength could very well provide a new and unexplored pathway for their satisfaction. 43.According to paragraph 1 and 2, people with BPD ____________. A. may be good at labeling bodily feelings B. may lose their temper easily and suddenly C. encounter problems in every aspect of their life D. have emotional strengths like emotion regulation 44.The underlined phrase “tease apart” (Para 3, Line 1) is closest in meaning to ______. A. identify  B. combine  C. emphasize  D. dominate 45.What can be inferred from Varma’s experiment? A. Negative emotions affect the ability to reflect. B. Healthy controls excel at regulating their mental state. C. Rich expressions contribute to psychological stability. D. People with BPD met the research team’s expectations. 46.What is the passage mainly about? A. A new pathway of regulating emotions. B. A method of consciously labeling emotions. C. An unexpected strength of people with BPD. D. An involuntary reaction to people with BPD. Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. A. This is the idea that trying to change someone’s false belief can make them believe it more strongly. B. However, more recent studies are far more encouraging. C. Anyone can spread a lie, but it usually takes a bit of time and knowledge to explain why a statement is wrong. D. But sometimes there are shortcuts to make your point convincing. E. If you are not sure of the facts, do some web browsing on your phone rather than trying to wing it. F. If this happens, you don’t have to just sit there quiet. Changing Someone’s Mind at the Dinner Table Family gatherings can bring up topics we prefer to avoid. With the festive season in full swing, it might be hard to stay away from some annoying relatives. At some point, you know they will say something like: “Genetically modified foods are not safe to eat” or “Climate change is a conspiracy”. (Surely, all these statements are untrue.) ______47______ “Is it worth making an effort to correct people?” says Jason Reifler at the University of Exeter, UK, who studies ways of challenging misperceptions. “I think so.” Obviously, it is far more difficult to prove false beliefs wrong than to spread them. ______48______ Take a classic: “The climate has always changed, it’s nothing to do with humans.” To fight this, you need to explain how the world is now warming at an alarming rate, when otherwise it would be cooling slightly were it not for our carbon dioxide emissions. ______49______ “Parallel” arguments can often highlight logical errors very effectively, says John Cook of George Mason University, Virginia. For instance, the “climate is always changing” myth is like claiming that because people have always stolen from each other, leaving your house unlocked won’t increase the risk of burglary(入室抢劫). But you need to be aware of the backfire (适得其反的)effect. ______50______ This was discouraging news for the fight against false beliefs. The last thing you want to do when debunking (驳斥)misinformation is make matters worse, wrote Cook and Stephan Lewandowsky at the University of Bristol, UK, in The Debunking Handbook, a short guide published in 2011. However, more recent studies are far more encouraging. “It’s not as common as we initially thought, says Lewandowsky. III. Summary Writing Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. 51. Canals in Britain The restoration of Britain’s vast canal network has been a notable success. Wild ducks and birds can be seen along the 100 miles or so of Birmingham’s canals. In Manchester, boat users and walkers can learn about the origins of the Industrial Revolution along waterways that run through the city. Then comes a heavy blow: having previously frozen funding for the Canal & River Trust, the government now plans cuts of £300 million to its finances, beginning in 2027. This shortsighted decision will stretch resources beyond breaking point. Volunteers already have to be relied on for clean-up work and other tasks, which may leave the maintenance all the more difficult. Some canals may even have to close. One report mentions that the large stretches of London’s network will be affected, including Little Venice. Originally saved in the 1960s by the then transport secretary Barbara Castle, these waterways were noted for their potentially broader uses besides transportation. Five decades on, Castle’s vision of “leisureways” has become a reality. Joggers are seen pounding the sunny tracks, fishers sitting on grassy banks, tourists sightseeing in narrow boats, and kids merrily cycling around. Their public good doesn’t stop here. Along the five-mile stretch of the Chesterfield canal, a former lock-house (船闸管理人值班房) now hosts a café, a meeting room, shower facilities and a play and picnic area. Essential services are available, from small restaurants to corner stores, making canals attractive to businesses as well as boat enthusiasts. This is the kind of reimagining of waterways that Barbara Castle foresaw. The government has a responsibility to ensure that they are maintained, rather than ruined by funding cuts deeply in conflict with the spirit and direction of the times. IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52.面对接二连三的差评,这位剧作家的创作热情依然不减。(dampen) 53.鉴于有几位成员缺席,实地考察有没有可能改到明天呢?(possibility) 54.这位摄影师突然意识到,美常常出现在最意想不到的地方,隐藏于那些被我们忽略的平凡瞬间。(occur) 55.他的发音不准,电话点餐时造成了误会,结果点到了一道辣得他一口都吃不下的菜。 (blame) V. Guided Writing Directions: Write an English composition in 150-180 words according to the instructions given below. 56.假如你是明启中学学生李华,最近学校学生会举办了一年一度的义卖活动。现向同学们征集改进建议,让明年的义卖活动更加成功。请你写一封信给学生会,内容须包括: (1)简要描述本次活动及存在的问题; (2)给出具体的改进建议及原因。 参考答案 语法 as/though；farther；behind；that；everything arising；would transition；involved；that；but 词汇 FHAEK IBCJG 完形 CACCA DBDBB DCABD 阅读 DBCB CBD BBCC 六选四 FCDA 概要（25年1月真题） Despite the canals’ ecological and historical significance, the British government plans to cut funding to the canals. This may lead to insufficient maintenance and closure of some canals. However, these restored canals stand for public good in terms of recreation and business. The government should reconsider its decision to cut funding. 翻译 52.面对接二连三的差评，这位剧作家的创作热情依然不减。(dampen) Repeated negative/unfavourable reviews didn’t dampen the playwright’s enthusiasm for writing. 53.鉴于有几位成员缺席，实地考察有没有可能改到明天呢？(possibility) Is there any possibility of rescheduling the field trip for tomorrow, since some members are absent? 54.这位摄影师突然意识到，美常常出现在最意想不到的地方，隐藏于那些被我们忽略的平凡瞬间。(occur) It occurred to the photographer that beauty often exists where we least expect it, hidden in the ordinary moments we overlook. 55.他的发音不准，电话点餐时造成了误会，结果点到了一道辣得他一口都吃不下的菜。(blame) His pronunciation was to blame for the misunderstanding during the phone order/while he was ordering on the phone, and he ended up with a dish so spicy he couldn’t even take a bite. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $高三年级期中考试英语试卷 试卷共10页3张 考生注意： 1、答卷前，考生务必将姓名、班级、学号等在指定位置填写清楚。 2、本试卷共有56道试题，满分115分，考试时间105分钟。请考生用黑色水笔或 钢笔将答案直接写在答题卷上。 I.Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks use one word that best fits. The Science Of Scratching Mom knew what she was talking about after all:Scratching really does make the itch worse.Good (1) it feels,the burst of ecstasy (you get from clawing your irritated skin only prolongs a vicious itch-scratch cycle,putting true relief(2) (far） out of reach. But why?Though itch has troubled our species for thousands of years,scientists have just begun to comprehend the physiological mechanisms (3)it.Over the past couple of decades,research has shown (4)scratching taps into our brains'reward and immune systems,producing a strange mix of sensations that makes it all but impossible to resist. "You scratch to feel better,"says Brian Kim,a neuroimmunologist at Mount Sinai's Icahn School of Medicine,"but in doing so,you actually activate immune pathways that are counterproductive.” In 1660,a definition of itch arose that's still in use today:an unpleasant sensation that provokes the desire to scratch.It results from(5)from insect bites and poisonous plants to allergic reactions and skin conditions like eczema () Until recently,itch was considered a form of mild pain (6) (arise)from the weak activation of pain receptors.This"intensity theory"speculated that itch stood at one end of the pain spectrum,and (7)(transition)all the way to full-blown suffering as a stimulus grew stronger. But in 2014,Zhou-Feng Chen,an itch researcher then at Washington University, discovered that serotonin (the mood-regulating "happiness hormone")plays a big role in perpetuating (the itch-scratch cycle.The research team found that when mice scratch an itch,their brains release a surge of serotonin,resulting in a moment of pure bliss. These results were consistent with a PLOS One study from the previous year,which showed that scratching activates the brain regions (8) (involve)in the reward circuit,a neural network that floods the body with euphoria-inducing chemicals in response to pleasurable activities and substances.It's the same system (9) underlies addiction, which isn't surprising if you've ever lost an hour scratching at mosquito bites. But Kim notes there's another side to this coin:the longing not to feel pleasure (10) to ease discomfort."That's what's so complex about it,"he says."There are different levels at which you need to scratch." Section B Directions:Complete the following sentences or passage by using the words in the box.Each word can only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need. A.notably B.supplements C.stimulates D.translated E.rigorous F.documented G.leading H.properties I.barrier J.incorporating K.ideally Dandelion May Have Distinct Health Benefits The common yellow weed has leaves rich in vitamins and may boost health in other ways, but it's understudied in comparison to other nutraceuticals(营养保健品). The first known 11 use of dandelion benefits occurred in China around 657 C.E. during the Tang Dynasty,when it was noted as an effective treatment for breast swelling and pain.In the coming centuries,it was used to detoxify sores. A 2021 literature review in the Bulletin of the National Research Centre examined 54 studies that tested the benefits of dandelion and found that it has many protective 12 including as a diuretic,immune booster,anti-inflammatory treatment,and even potential diabetic aid. 13 most studies with dandelion have been conducted in test tubes or with mice. Without more 14 studies,medical practitioners will likely hesitate to integrate it into their work. "What health care providers want to see is clinical evidence,at least double-blind, randomized control studies.15,they'd like to see a meta-analysis or two,"says Jean Bokelmann,a medical doctor and the author of Medicinal Herbs in Primary Care:An Evidence-Guided Reference for Healthcare Providers. In her book,Bokelmann examined 55 herbs.Of those,dandelion had been the least studied,which she says poses a considerable 16 to its adoption in clinical practice. Dandelion or 17 extracted from it can be used at home,although consumers should be aware that all of them are loosely regulated by the FDA.Bokelmann recommends discussing dandelion usage with a medical care provider-just as a patient would do with any other nutraceutical -to see if it is right for them.Dandelion,for example,18 the secretion (of bile from the liver,so she says it might not be right for people with liver conditions. For people who want to try 19 fresh dandelion into their diet,young plants from the yard will suffice.Bokelmann grabs a few early in the season and adds them to salads because they are high in vitamins C and K.When grabbing dandelion from the ground,she recommends digging up the roots. Bokelmann doesn't think attitudes toward dandelion will change in the near future. Private industry is often responsible for 20 the charge for new remedies."What private industry will want to study dandelions when everyone has them in their yards?"she asks. 2 II.Reading Comprehension Section A Directions:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Waiting in line is a suffering of modernity.According to David Andrews's book,Why Does the Other Line Always Move Faster?,it wasn't 21 until the Industrial Revolution synchronized (workers'schedules,causing lines during lunch hours and evenings. Given that Americans are estimated to collectively waste tens of billions of hours a year in lines,it's no wonder that some people try to cut,and others 22 hate them.Yet jumping the queue without 23 violence is possible. First,pick the right queue.It's virtually impossible to cut the line for a once-in-a-lifetime event-the Cubs playing the World Series,say.But in a 24 scenario (like a security line,people are more likely to let you in,perhaps because they anticipate needing a similar favor someday.Using game theory to determine what conditions would make line-cutting socially 25,researchers found that people queuing just once display little tolerance for line-cutting.But when the queue comes again,people let in intruders ( who claim an urgent need or who require minimal service time. An excuse for cutting helps,but it needn't be bulletproof.In one much-cited study, experimenters tried to jump photocopier queues using one of three explanations.A small, polite request without 26-"Excuse me,I have five pages.May I use the Xerox machine?"-enabled them to cut 60 percent of the time.Adding that they were rushed allowed them to cut 94 percent of the time.And "May I use the Xerox machine,because I need to make copies?"was almost as 27,despite its weakness. The person 28 behind an intrusion usually gets to decide whether to allow it, according to a study co-authored by the psychologist Stanley Milgram.If that person doesn't 29,other queuers tend to stay quiet.The experiment also found that two intruders brought about greater anger than one-so if you're going to line-jump,travel 30. Keep in mind that 31 for line-cutting varies across cultures.One survey of foreigners living in Spain revealed many national differences in queuing rules.An Irish respondent was very angry,"They say 'I just want to ask a quick question'and go right up to the counter...I'm ready to32." Back in America the worst of line-cutting is 33 you're not doing it.Like members of any community,queuers want their customs 34.So if you must cut,just ask-nicely. Doing so enhances the social contract,and it 35 21.A.difficult B.necessary C.common D.unusual 22.A.bitterly B.illogically C.casually D.surprisingly 23.A.rejecting B.understanding C.inviting D.continuing 24.A.realistic B.violent C.repeating D.complicated 25.A.permissible B.visible C.inflexible D.indefensible 26.A.prediction B.opposition C.recognition D.justification 27.A.neutral B.effective C.relevant D.variable 28.A.randomly B.distantly C.fortunately D.directly 29.A.agree B.object C.leave D.stay 30.A.extensively B.alone C.far D.happily 31.A.demand B.potential C.foundation D.tolerance 32.A.struggle B.believe C.explode D.respond 33.A.pretending B.confessing C.remembering D.confirming 34.A.recorded B.observed C.evaluated D.standardized 35.A.fails B.stops C.begins D.works Section B Directions:Read the following passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) My grandmother loved baking and was,therefore,an excellent baker.I can still see her massaging flour,sugar,eggs,yeast,butter and milk into dough (and injecting the pastry with jam to make buhtelini.I can still hear her saying that to her,a sustainable farmer,baking was the closest she could get to "the world of art".I regret never telling her that even though she wasn't graced with the life of an artist,she was nevertheless weaving something larger than her:a culture. Maybe she understood what she was doing after all.Once,she instructed me to never follow her recipes,but instead to adapt them however I saw fit.A culture,she was essentially saying,should be modified in line with the tastes and needs of the times. Well.I have altered most of my grandmother's recipes,apart from the one-her recipe for potica,a traditional Slovenian pastry usually served at holiday,birthday and special celebrations.In essence,it is a roll made of leavened paper-thin dough,most often stuffed with walnut filling and raisins(核桃馅和葡萄干). Calling potica a"filled roll",makes it seem easy to prepare,but it requires hours of work. The most painful part is grinding (the walnuts.Before my grandmother began using a grinder,we filled a bag with walnuts and beat the bag with a hammer,until the nuts turned to paste. Ah,but why not simply buy a kilo of ground Californian walnuts?Oh!Because the secret to the best potica known to humans is walnuts from a tree that grows on my grandmother's farm.This 15-meter-tall tree is an amusement park for crows and insects,and is also often populated by courageous children.It bears the sweetest walnuts. Was bore,I should write.In the past decade,the 30-year-old tree has changed.At first, the romantic in me wanted to believe it was mourning my grandmother's death and just couldn't yield sweet nuts any more.Next,I turned to common sense.Walnut harvests,I told myself,differ from season to season,so our half-empty baskets are nothing to worry about. However,after the fifth poor harvest with dry,bitter fruit,I understood that I was witnessing something better known as decay. In suitable conditions,walnut trees in our region can live up to 100 years and yield nuts until they're middle-aged.But the circumstances for that particular potica tree have worsened. 4 The trees endure frost and snow,heat and strong winds,storms and floods,and heavily polluted air,water,soil. Well,I spotted a sign of hope for poticas early this year.A sapling next to the dying tree. Perhaps the dying tree delivered all its remaining nutrients to this sapling,whispering:"The preservationists are already here,trust me." 36.What was the primary reason the grandmother considered baking as close to "the world of art"? A.The use of unique ingredients. B.The precision required in baking. C.The therapeutic nature of the baking process. D.The creative and cultural significance of baking. 37.What did the grandmother advise the author regarding her recipes? A.To strictly follow the recipes as they were. B.To adapt the recipes according to personal taste C.To share the recipes with others in their original form. D.To learn traditional recipes from other cultures instead. 38.Why were the words“Was,bore'italicized(斜体)in the passage? A.To emphasize the tree's historical significance on the farm. B.To showcase the author's admiration for the tree's longevity. C.To indicate a transition from past to present in the tree's state. D.To highlight the author's uncertainty about the tree's current condition. 39.How did the author feel according to the last paragraph? A.Sad at the decay of the walnut tree. B.Hopeful about the future of the walnut tree. C.Indifferent to the changes in the walnut tree. D.Unpleased with the new sapling next to the dying tree (B) The best white noise machines for a good night's sleep SleepiseButoisesrevntyoufalingseep.White noise mins ep,dy. 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A.LectroFan Classic B.Yogasleep Rohmt C.Hatch Rest+ D.Loftie Clock 41.If you want to buy a white noise machine for your friend Tim,who often travels on business,you need to pay A.$34.95. B.$40.03 C.$159.99. D.$149.00 6 42.What can be learned about the four white noise machines? A.The four of them can all produce white noise and nature sounds. B.One of them can help you create your own sleep stories for free. C.Two of them can be powered by both AC and rechargeable batteries. D.Two of them can not only help you fall asleep but also wake you up. (© If you know someone with borderline personality disorder(BPD),you're aware of how quickly they can step up from mild annoyance to outbursts of anger.However,Sonya Varma, a professor from York University,wondered,do people with BPD have problems in all aspects of this process?Could they have an as-yet-undiscovered set of emotional strengths? According to new research by Varma and her colleagues,emotion regulation involves both the internal reactions of the body and the conscious efforts people make to label those bodily feelings.This labeling process,they maintain,could make all the difference when it comes to settling back down and putting the mind back at rest. To tease apart these features of emotion regulation,Varma designed an experimental situation in which they put participants into an“emotion induction(引导)”treatment. Participants read a story that was intended to cause a negative emotion such as a hit-and-run car accident or the death of your dog.The sample included 29 participants with diagnosed BPD who were age-and sex-matched with healthy controls,and they ranged in age from 18 to 60.To examine the effect of labeling,Varma asked their participants to type their current emotional states into a computer,choosing from a set they saw on the screen.They could use the same word multiple times if they wished. If indeed people with BPD have difficulty labeling their emotions,then this fault should have been reflected in their ability to return to baseline (after the negative emotion induction.However,the findings surprisingly ran counter to the research team's expectations: People with BPD were equal to the control participants in the negativity of their expressed emotion,the intensity of that emotion,and even the words they used to describe their emotions.Although using a wider range of words following the emotion induction helped to bring about greater physiological control for all participants,there were no differences between groups in this effect. Given its role in helping restore physiological peace,it appears that regardless of whether someone has BPD or not,it can be beneficial to learn to label your emotions.When you're starting down the pathway of experiencing a negative emotion,you can benefit by applying an accurate label to that emotion as opposed to holding it back or calling it something else. This can potentially prevent engagement in destructive behaviors that may function to downregulate emotion such as self-harm. To sum up,this new information about BPD can offer hope that at least one key element of the emotion regulation process appears to function effectively.Building on this strength could very well provide a new and unexplored pathway for their satisfaction. 43.According to paragraph 1 and 2,people with BPD A.may be good at labeling bodily feelings B.may lose their temper easily and suddenly C.encounter problems in every aspect of their life D.have emotional strengths like emotion regulation 44.The underlined phrase "tease apart"(Para 3,Line 1)is closest in meaning to A.identify B.combine C.emphasize D.dominate 45.What can be inferred from Varma's experiment? A.Negative emotions affect the ability to reflect. B.Healthy controls excel at regulating their mental state. C.Rich expressions contribute to psychological stability. D.People with BPD met the research team's expectations. 46.What is the passage mainly about? A.A new pathway of regulating emotions B.Amethod of consciously labeling emotions. C.An unexpected strength of people with BPD D.An involuntary reaction to people with BPD. Section C Directions:Read the following passage.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need. A.This is the idea that trying to change someone's false belief can make them believe it more strongly. B.However,more recent studies are far more encouraging. C.Anyone can spread a lie,but it usually takes a bit of time and knowledge to explain why a statement is wrong. D.But sometimes there are shortcuts to make your point convincing. E.If you are not sure of the facts,do some web browsing on your phone rather than trying to wing it. F.If this happens,you don't have to just sit there quiet. Changing Someone's Mind at the Dinner Table Family gatherings can bring up topics we prefer to avoid.With the festive season in full swing,it might be hard to stay away from some annoying relatives.At some point,you know they will say something like:"Genetically modified foods are not safe to eat"or"Climate change is a conspiracy".(Surely,all these statements are untrue.) 47 "Is it worth making an effort to correct people?"says Jason Reifler at the University of Exeter,UK,who studies ways of challenging misperceptions."I think so." 8 Obviously,it is far more difficult to prove false beliefs wrong than to spread them. 48 Take a classic:"The climate has always changed,it's nothing to do with humans."To fight this,you need to explain how the world is now warming at an alarming rate,when otherwise it would be cooling slightly were it not for our carbon dioxide emissions. 49 "Parallel"arguments can often highlight logical errors very effectively, says John Cook of George Mason University,Virginia.For instance,the "climate is always changing"myth is like claiming that because people have always stolen from each other, leaving your house unlocked won't increase the risk of burglary（入室抢劫). But you need to be aware of the backfire(适得其反的)effect.50 This was discouraging news for the fight against false beliefs.The last thing you want to do when debunking (misinformation is make matters worse,wrote Cook and Stephan Lewandowsky at the University of Bristol,UK,in The Debunking Handbook,a short guide published in 2011.However,more recent studies are far more encouraging."It's not as common as we initially thought,says Lewandowsky III.Summary Writing Directions:Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more than 60 words.Use your own words as far as possible. 51 Canals in Britain The restoration of Britain's vast canal network has been a notable success.Wild ducks and birds can be seen along the 100 miles or so of Birmingham's canals.In Manchester,boat users and walkers can learn about the origins of the Industrial Revolution along waterways that run through the city.Then comes a heavy blow:having previously frozen funding for the Canal River Trust,the government now plans cuts of f300 million to its finances, beginning in 2027. This shortsighted decision will stretch resources beyond breaking point.Volunteers already have to be relied on for clean-up work and other tasks,which may leave the maintenance all the more difficult.Some canals may even have to close.One report mentions that the large stretches of London's network will be affected,including Little Venice. Originally saved in the 1960s by the then transport secretary Barbara Castle,these waterways were noted for their potentially broader uses besides transportation.Five decades on,Castle's vision of"leisureways"has become a reality.Joggers are seen pounding the sunny tracks,fishers sitting on grassy banks,tourists sightseeing in narrow boats,and kids merrily cycling around.Their public good doesn't stop here.Along the five-mile stretch of the Chesterfield canal,a former lock-house(船闸管理人值班房)now hosts a cafe色，a meeting room,shower facilities and a play and picnic area.Essential services are available,from small restaurants to comer stores,making canals attractive to businesses as well as boat enthusiasts. This is the kind of reimagining of waterways that Barbara Castle foresaw.The government has a responsibility to ensure that they are maintained,rather than ruined by funding cuts deeply in conflict with the spirit and direction of the times. IV.Translation Directions:Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets. 52.面对接二连三的差评，这位剧作家的创作热情依然不减。(dampen) 53.鉴于有几位成员缺席，实地考察有没有可能改到明天呢？(possibility) 54.这位摄影师突然意识到，美常常出现在最意想不到的地方，隐藏于那些被我们忽略 的平凡瞬间。(occur) 55.他的发音不准，电话点餐时造成了误会，结果点到了一道辣得他一口都吃不下的菜。 (blame) V.Guided Writing Directions:Write an English composition in 150-180 words according to the instructions given below. 56. 假如你是明启中学学生李华，最近学校学生会举办了一年一度的义卖活动。现向同学们 征集改进建议，让明年的义卖活动更加成功。请你写一封信给学生会，内容须包括： (1)简要描述本次活动及存在的问题： (2)给出具体的改进建议及原因。 10 语法 as/though；farther；behind；that；everything arising；would transition；involved；that；but 词汇 FHAEK IBCJG 完形 CACCA DBDBB DCABD 阅读 DBCB CBD BBCC 六选四 FCDA 概要（25年1月真题） Despite the canals’ ecological and historical significance, the British government plans to cut funding to the canals. This may lead to insufficient maintenance and closure of some canals. However, these restored canals stand for public good in terms of recreation and business. The government should reconsider its decision to cut funding. 翻译 52.面对接二连三的差评，这位剧作家的创作热情依然不减。(dampen) Repeated negative/unfavourable reviews didn’t dampen the playwright’s enthusiasm for writing. 53.鉴于有几位成员缺席，实地考察有没有可能改到明天呢？(possibility) Is there any possibility of rescheduling the field trip for tomorrow, since some members are absent? 54.这位摄影师突然意识到，美常常出现在最意想不到的地方，隐藏于那些被我们忽略的平凡瞬间。(occur) It occurred to the photographer that beauty often exists where we least expect it, hidden in the ordinary moments we overlook. 55.他的发音不准，电话点餐时造成了误会，结果点到了一道辣得他一口都吃不下的菜。(blame) His pronunciation was to blame for the misunderstanding during the phone order/while he was ordering on the phone, and he ended up with a dish so spicy he couldn’t even take a bite. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $