内容正文:
译林版七年级下册 Unit 5 单词表
教师备课材料
1. bat (n.)
词义: 蝙蝠;球棒
词性转换: bat (n.) → batsman/batter (n. 击球手)
常见搭配: as blind as a bat (眼力极差); a baseball bat (棒球棒)
例句: Bats use echo to navigate in the dark.
翻译: 蝙蝠利用回声在黑暗中导航。
练习题:
1. He swung the ______ (bat) and hit the ball hard.
2. The cave is home to thousands of ______ (bat).
答案与解析:
1. bat。解析:此处指“球棒”,单数名词。
2. bats。解析:指“蝙蝠”,可数名词复数。
2. butterfly (n.)
词义: 蝴蝶
词性转换: butterfly (n.) → butterfly stroke (n. 蝶泳)
常见搭配: a butterfly's wing (蝴蝶的翅膀); have butterflies in one's stomach (紧张得心里七上八下)
例句: The colourful butterfly landed on a flower.
翻译: 那只色彩斑斓的蝴蝶落在了一朵花上。
练习题:
1. She is swimming the ______ (butterfly) in the competition.
2. The garden was full of beautiful ______ (butterfly).
答案与解析:
1. butterfly。解析:固定搭配“swim the butterfly”(游蝶泳)。
2. butterflies。解析:可数名词复数。
3. ant (n.)
词义: 蚂蚁
词性转换: ant (n.) → anteater (n. 食蚁兽)
常见搭配: a colony of ants (一群蚂蚁)
例句: Ants are very hard-working insects.
翻译: 蚂蚁是非常勤劳的昆虫。
练习题:
1. The ______ (ant) hill was enormous.
2. ______ (Ant) can carry objects many times their own weight.
答案与解析:
1. ant。解析:修饰名词“hill”,用名词作定语,意为“蚁丘”。
2. Ants。解析:作主语,泛指“蚂蚁”,用复数。
4. wing (n.)
词义: 翅膀;机翼;侧厅
词性转换: wing (n.) → winged (adj. 有翅膀的) → winger (n. 边锋)
常见搭配: spread its wings (展开翅膀); the east wing of the building (大楼的东翼)
例句: The bird broke its wing and couldn't fly.
翻译: 这只鸟翅膀断了,不能飞了。
练习题:
1. The ancient dragon was often depicted as a ______ (wing) creature.
2. The new ______ (wing) of the hospital will open next month.
答案与解析:
1. winged。解析:修饰名词“creature”,需用形容词,意为“有翼的生物”。
2. wing。解析:此处指建筑物的“侧翼,配楼”,单数名词。
5. taste (v.) (此处侧重“尝起来”)
词义: v. 尝起来;品尝; n. 味道;品味
近义词: v. sample, try
词性转换: taste (v./n.) → tasty (adj. 美味的) → tasteless (adj. 无味的)
常见搭配: taste sweet/sour (尝起来甜/酸)
例句: This honey tastes very sweet.
翻译: 这蜂蜜尝起来很甜。
练习题:
1. The soup ______ (taste) a bit salty. Could you add some water?
2. She has excellent ______ (taste) in music.
答案与解析:
1. tastes。解析:描述食物特性,用一般现在时,主语“soup”是单三。
2. taste。解析:此处作名词,意为“品味,鉴赏力”。
6. awake (adj. & v.)
词义: adj. 醒着的; v. 唤醒,醒来
近义词: adj. conscious; v. wake up
反义词: adj. asleep (睡着的); v. fall asleep (入睡)
词性转换: awake (adj./v.) → awaken (v. 唤醒,唤起) → awakening (n. 觉醒)
常见搭配: stay awake (保持清醒); awake from a dream (从梦中醒来)
例句: Is the baby awake yet? / The noise awoke me at midnight.
翻译: 宝宝醒了吗?/ 噪音在半夜把我吵醒了。
练习题:
1. The national spirit was ______ (awake) by the inspiring speech.
2. It was a rude ______ (awake) when he realized he was late.
答案与解析:
1. awakened。解析:被动语态“was + 过去分词”,动词“awaken”更正式。
2. awakening。解析:作表语,需名词,意为“觉醒,惊醒”。
7. up to (phrase)
词义: 多达;直到;由…决定;忙于
近义词: as many/much as, until
词性转换: 介词短语。
常见搭配: up to 100 people (多达100人); It's up to you. (由你决定。)
例句: This elevator can hold up to ten people. / What are you up to?
翻译: 这部电梯最多能载十人。/ 你在忙什么呢?
练习题:
1. The temperature can go ______ (up to) 40 degrees in summer.
2. Whether we go or not is ______ (up to) the weather.
答案与解析:
1. up to。解析:表示“高达,达到”。
2. up to。解析:固定搭配“be up to sth.”,意为“取决于某事”。
8. insect (n.)
词义: 昆虫
近义词: bug
词性转换: insect (n.) → insecticide (n. 杀虫剂) → insectivorous (adj. 食虫的)
常见搭配: an insect bite (昆虫叮咬)
例句: Bees and ants are both types of insects.
翻译: 蜜蜂和蚂蚁都是昆虫。
练习题:
1. We need to use ______ (insect) to protect the crops from pests.
2. Some plants are ______ (insect) and eat flies.
答案与解析:
1. insecticide。解析:意为“杀虫剂”,名词。
2. insectivorous。解析:在系动词“are”后作表语,需形容词,意为“食虫的”。
9. lift (v. & n.)
词义: v. 举起;抬起;消散; n. (英)电梯;搭便车
近义词: v. raise, pick up; n. elevator, ride
反义词: v. lower, drop (降低,放下)
词性转换: lift (v./n.) → lift-off (n. 升空,发射)
常见搭配: lift weights (举重); give sb. a lift (让某人搭便车)
例句: Can you help me lift this box? / Let's take the lift to the 10th floor.
翻译: 你能帮我抬起这个箱子吗?/ 我们乘电梯去十楼吧。
练习题:
1. The rocket ______ (lift) off successfully.
2. He gave me a ______ (lift) to the train station.
答案与解析:
1. lifted。解析:动词短语“lift off”(发射),描述过去动作。
2. lift。解析:固定搭配“give sb. a lift”,意为“让某人搭车”。
10. times (n.)
词义: 次数;时代;倍(用于乘法)
近义词: occasions, era
词性转换: time (n.) → timely (adj. 及时的)
常见搭配: three times (三次); in ancient times (在古代)
例句: I've been to Beijing several times. / An elephant is many times heavier than a snail.
翻译: 我去过北京好几次。/ 大象比蜗牛重好多倍。
练习题:
1. The medicine should be taken three ______ (time) a day.
2. His advice was very ______ (time) and helpful.
答案与解析:
1. times。解析:表示频率“三次”。
2. timely。解析:作表语,需形容词,意为“及时的”。
11. weight (n.)
词义: 重量;体重;重物
近义词: heaviness, mass
反义词: lightness
词性转换: weight (n.) → weigh (v. 称重) → weighty (adj. 沉重的;重要的)
常见搭配: lose/gain weight (减重/增重); a weight problem (体重问题)
例句: What is your weight? / The weight of responsibility is heavy.
翻译: 你体重多少?/ 责任重大。
练习题:
1. Could you ______ (weight) this parcel for me?
2. This is a ______ (weight) decision that will affect our future.
答案与解析:
1. weigh。解析:情态动词“Could you”后接动词原形。
2. weighty。解析:修饰名词“decision”,需用形容词,意为“重大的”。
12. hole (n.)
词义: 洞,孔;漏洞
近义词: gap, opening, pit
反义词: blockage, plug (堵塞物)
词性转换: hole (n.) → holey (adj. 有洞的)
常见搭配: a hole in the ground (地上的一个洞); dig a hole (挖洞)
例句: The rabbit disappeared into its hole.
翻译: 兔子钻进了它的洞里。
练习题:
1. My socks are full of ______ (hole) and need to be thrown away.
2. He ______ (hole) the ball from a long distance. (此句意为“他远距离击球入洞”,hole作动词)
答案与解析:
1. holes。解析:可数名词复数。
2. holed。解析:描述过去动作,用一般过去时。
13. worker (n.)
词义: 工人;工作者
近义词: employee, labourer
反义词: employer (雇主)
词性转换: worker (n.) ← work (v./n.) → working (adj. 工作的)
常见搭配: a factory worker (工厂工人); social workers (社会工作者)
例句: The worker ants bring food back to the nest.
翻译: 工蚁把食物搬回巢穴。
练习题:
1. He is a ______ (work) student who supports himself.
2. Finding a good job is hard ______ (work).
答案与解析:
1. working。解析:修饰名词“student”,用形容词,意为“半工半读的”。
2. work。解析:意为“困难的工作”,不可数名词。
14. gram (g) (n.)
词义: 克
词性转换: gram (n.) → kilogram (kg) (n. 千克)
常见搭配: 500 grams of flour (500克面粉)
例句: This letter weighs less than 20 grams.
翻译: 这封信重量不到20克。
练习题:
1. The recipe calls for two ______ (kilogram) of apples.
2. A milligram is one thousandth of a ______ (gram).
答案与解析:
1. kilograms。解析:数量“two”后接可数名词复数。
2. gram。解析:单数名词。
15. honey (n.)
词义: 蜂蜜;宝贝(爱称)
词性转换: honey (n.) → honeypot (n. 蜜罐) → honeymoon (n. 蜜月)
常见搭配: a jar of honey (一罐蜂蜜); as sweet as honey (甜如蜜)
例句: Bees make honey from flower nectar.
翻译: 蜜蜂用花蜜酿制蜂蜜。
练习题:
1. They went to Hawaii for their ______ (honey).
2. The tea is too bitter; could you pass the ______ (honey)?
答案与解析:
1. honeymoon。解析:固定搭配“go for one's honeymoon”(去度蜜月)。
2. honey。解析:物质名词,不可数。
16. snail (n.)
词义: 蜗牛
词性转换: snail (n.) → snail-paced (adj. 蜗牛般慢的)
常见搭配: at a snail's pace (以极慢的速度)
例句: The snail carries its house on its back.
翻译: 蜗牛把它的房子背在背上。
练习题:
1. The traffic was moving at a ______ (snail) pace.
2. We found some ______ (snail) in the garden after the rain.
答案与解析:
1. snail's。解析:固定短语“at a snail's pace”。
2. snails。解析:可数名词复数。
17. trick (n. & v.)
词义: n. 把戏,戏法;诡计; v. 欺骗,捉弄
近义词: n. joke, prank, deception; v. deceive, fool
反义词: n. honesty (诚实)
词性转换: trick (n./v.) → tricky (adj. 棘手的,狡猾的)
常见搭配: play a trick on sb. (捉弄某人); a magic trick (魔术)
例句: The dog can do many tricks. / He was tricked into buying a fake watch.
翻译: 这只狗会很多把戏。/ 他被骗买了一块假表。
练习题:
1. The question was very ______ (trick) and many people got it wrong.
2. She ______ (trick) me into believing her story.
答案与解析:
1. tricky。解析:在系动词“was”后作表语,需形容词,意为“棘手的”。
2. tricked。解析:描述过去动作,用一般过去时。
18. stick (n. & v.)
词义: n. 枝条;棍;手杖; v. 粘贴;刺;卡住
近义词: n. branch, rod; v. attach, glue, stab
反义词: v. unstick, detach (松开,分离)
词性转换: stick (n./v.) → sticky (adj. 黏的) → sticker (n. 贴纸)
常见搭配: a walking stick (拐杖); stick to (坚持;粘住)
例句: The dog fetched the stick. / Stick the stamp on the envelope.
翻译: 狗把棍子叼了回来。/ 把邮票贴在信封上。
练习题:
1. My fingers are ______ (stick) because of the candy.
2. He put a ______ (stick) on his notebook.
答案与解析:
1. sticky。解析:在系动词“are”后作表语,需形容词,意为“黏糊糊的”。
2. sticker。解析:意为“贴纸”,可数名词。
19. bite (v. & n.)
词义: v. 咬;叮; n. 咬;一口;叮咬处
近义词: v. nip, chew
词性转换: bite (v./n.) → biting (adj. 刺骨的;尖刻的)
常见搭配: bite one's nails (咬指甲); have a bite to eat (吃点东西)
例句: Does your dog bite? / I took a bite of the apple.
翻译: 你的狗咬人吗?/ 我咬了一口苹果。
练习题:
1. The ______ (bite) wind made us shiver.
2. He was ______ (bite) by a mosquito.
答案与解析:
1. biting。解析:修饰名词“wind”,需用形容词,意为“刺骨的寒风”。
2. bitten。解析:被动语态“was + 过去分词”,bite的过去分词是“bitten”。
20. fight (v. & n.)
词义: v./n. 打架;战斗;斗争
近义词: v./n. battle, struggle, combat
反义词: v./n. peace, truce (和平,休战)
词性转换: fight (v./n.) → fighter (n. 战士;战斗机) → fighting (n./adj. 战斗(的))
常见搭配: fight against (与…作斗争); a street fight (街头斗殴)
例句: The two cats fought over food. / It was a long fight for justice.
翻译: 两只猫为食物打架。/ 这是一场漫长的正义之战。
练习题:
1. He is a champion ______ (fight) in the boxing ring.
2. The ______ (fight) spirit of the team was amazing.
答案与解析:
1. fighter。解析:意为“拳击手,斗士”,表示人。
2. fighting。解析:修饰名词“spirit”,用形容词,意为“战斗精神”。
21. look after (phr. v.)
词义: 照顾,照料
近义词: take care of, care for
反义词: neglect (忽视)
词性转换: 动词短语。相关名词:carer/caregiver (n. 照料者)。
常见搭配: look after a pet/child (照顾宠物/孩子)
例句: Can you look after my goldfish while I'm away?
翻译: 我不在的时候,你能照顾一下我的金鱼吗?
练习题:
1. She is a full-time ______ (care) for her elderly mother.
2. I need to ______ (look after) my little brother this afternoon.
答案与解析:
1. carer。解析:意为“照料者”,表示人。
2. look after。解析:情态动词“need to”后接动词原形。
22. fur (n.)
词义: (动物) 软毛;毛皮;毛皮制品
近义词: hair, coat
词性转换: fur (n.) → furry (adj. 毛茸茸的)
常见搭配: a cat's fur (猫的毛); a fur coat (毛皮大衣)
例句: The rabbit has soft white fur.
翻译: 这只兔子有柔软的白毛。
练习题:
1. My daughter loves her ______ (fur) teddy bear.
2. The trade in animal ______ (fur) is controversial.
答案与解析:
1. furry。解析:修饰名词“teddy bear”,需用形容词,意为“毛茸茸的”。
2. furs。解析:指“动物毛皮(制品)”,可数名词复数。
23. purr (v. & n.)
词义: v. (猫) 发出呼噜声; n. 呼噜声
反义词: hiss (发出嘶嘶声,常表示愤怒)
词性转换: purr (v./n.)
常见搭配: The cat purred happily. (猫高兴地发出呼噜声。)
例句: The cat began to purr when I stroked its fur.
翻译: 当我抚摸它的毛时,猫开始发出呼噜声。
练习题:
1. We could hear the gentle ______ (purr) of the kitten.
2. The engine ______ (purr) smoothly as we drove along.
答案与解析:
1. purr。解析:作宾语,需名词。
2. purred。解析:描述过去动作,用一般过去时,此处比喻发动机平稳运行的声音。
24. forget (v.)
词义: 忘记,遗忘
近义词: neglect, overlook
反义词: remember, recall
词性转换: forget (v.) → forgetful (adj. 健忘的) → forgettable (adj. 容易忘记的)
常见搭配: forget to do sth. (忘记要做某事); forget doing sth. (忘记做过某事)
例句: Don't forget to feed the parrot.
翻译: 别忘了喂鹦鹉。
练习题:
1. As he grew older, he became more ______ (forget).
2. It was a very ______ (forget) movie; I can't remember anything about it.
答案与解析:
1. forgetful。解析:在系动词“became”后作表语,需形容词,意为“健忘的”。
2. forgettable。解析:作表语,需形容词,意为“容易被遗忘的”。
25. lonely (adj.)
词义: 孤独的,寂寞的;偏僻的
近义词: solitary, isolated
反义词: accompanied, popular (有伴的,受欢迎的)
词性转换: lonely (adj.) ← lone (adj. 单独的) → loneliness (n. 孤独)
常见搭配: feel lonely (感到孤独); a lonely road (一条偏僻的路)
例句: The old man felt very lonely after his dog died.
翻译: 老人的狗死后,他感到非常孤独。
练习题:
1. He lived a ______ (lone) life in the mountains.
2. ______ (Lonely) is a common feeling in big cities.
答案与解析:
1. lonely 或 solitary。解析:修饰名词“life”,需用形容词,意为“孤独的生活”。
2. Loneliness。解析:作主语,需名词。
26. parrot (n. & v.)
词义: n. 鹦鹉; v. 鹦鹉学舌般地重复
近义词: v. imitate, repeat mindlessly
词性转换: parrot (n./v.) → parrot-fashion (adv. 鹦鹉学舌般地)
常见搭配: a talking parrot (会说话的鹦鹉)
例句: The parrot can imitate human sound.
翻译: 这只鹦鹉能模仿人类的声音。
练习题:
1. The students learned the answers ______ (parrot) without understanding them.
2. She has a pet ______ (parrot) that can say hello.
答案与解析:
1. parrot-fashion。解析:修饰动词“learned”,需用副词短语,意为“机械地背诵”。
2. parrot。解析:单数名词。
27. sound (n., v. & adj.)
词义: n. 声音; v. 听起来; adj. 健全的;合理的;酣畅的
近义词: n. noise; v. seem; adj. healthy, reasonable
反义词: adj. unsound (不健全的;无根据的)
词性转换: sound (n./v./adj.) → soundly (adv. 酣畅地;彻底地)
常见搭配: the sound of music (音乐声); sound asleep (熟睡); a sound argument (合理的论点)
例句: I heard a strange sound. / Your plan sounds good. / He is a man of sound judgment.
翻译: 我听到一个奇怪的声音。/ 你的计划听起来不错。/ 他是一个判断力可靠的人。
练习题:
1. The baby slept ______ (sound) through the night.
2. We need to make a ______ (sound) financial plan.
答案与解析:
1. soundly。解析:修饰动词“slept”,需用副词,意为“香甜地”。
2. sound。解析:修饰名词“plan”,用形容词,意为“稳妥的”。
28. alone (adj. & adv.)
词义: adj./adv. 单独,独自(客观状态)
近义词: adj./adv. by oneself, solo
反义词: together
词性转换: alone (adj./adv.) → loneliness (n. 孤独感)
常见搭配: live alone (独自居住); leave me alone (让我一个人呆着)
例句: She lives alone in a small apartment. (客观描述)
翻译: 她独自住在一间小公寓里。
练习题:
1. He prefers to work ______ (alone) on this project.
2. The feeling of ______ (alone) sometimes overwhelmed her.
答案与解析:
1. alone。解析:修饰动词“work”,作副词,意为“独自”。
2. loneliness。解析:意为“孤独感”,作宾语,需名词。注意与“alone”的区别。
29. corner (n. & v.)
词义: n. 角;角落;拐角处; v. 使走投无路;垄断
近义词: n. angle, intersection; v. trap, monopolize
反义词: v. release (释放)
词性转换: corner (n./v.) → cornered (adj. 被逼入绝境的)
常见搭配: in the corner (在角落里); around the corner (在拐角处;即将发生)
例句: The cat is sleeping in the corner. / The police cornered the thief in an alley.
翻译: 猫正在角落里睡觉。/ 警察将小偷逼进了小巷。
练习题:
1. The ______ (corner) animal became very dangerous.
2. There's a small shop just ______ (corner) the street.
答案与解析:
1. cornered。解析:修饰名词“animal”,用形容词,意为“被逼入绝境的”。
2. around/round the corner from。解析:固定搭配,意为“在…的拐角处”。
30. touch (v. & n.)
词义: v. 触摸;接触;感动; n. 触觉;接触;风格
近义词: v. feel, contact; n. contact, style
反义词: v. avoid (避免接触)
词性转换: touch (v./n.) → touching (adj. 感人的) → touched (adj. 受感动的) → touchy (adj. 易怒的)
常见搭配: touch screen (触摸屏); keep in touch (保持联系)
例句: Don't touch the painting! / His story was very touching.
翻译: 不要触摸那幅画!/ 他的故事非常感人。
练习题:
1. We were deeply ______ (touch) by their kindness.
2. He is in a ______ (touch) mood today, so be careful what you say.
答案与解析:
1. touched。解析:被动语态“were + 过去分词”,意为“被感动”。
2. touchy。解析:修饰名词“mood”,需用形容词,意为“易怒的情绪”。
31. goldfish (n.)
词义: 金鱼
词性转换: goldfish (n.),单复数同形。
常见搭配: a bowl of goldfish (一缸金鱼)
例句: How many goldfish do you have in your tank?
翻译: 你的鱼缸里有多少条金鱼?
练习题:
1. She bought three ______ (goldfish) for her new aquarium.
2. The ______ (goldfish) memory is often said to be very short.
答案与解析:
1. goldfish。解析:单复数同形。
2. goldfish's。解析:表示“金鱼的”,用所有格形式。
32. afraid (adj.)
词义: 害怕的,畏惧的;担心的
近义词: frightened, scared
反义词: brave, fearless
词性转换: afraid (adj.) ← fear (n./v.) → fearful (adj. 可怕的;担心的)
常见搭配: be afraid of (害怕…); I'm afraid that... (我恐怕…)
例句: Are you afraid of snakes?
翻译: 你怕蛇吗?
练习题:
1. She has a ______ (fear) of heights.
2. The ______ (fear) storm kept everyone indoors.
答案与解析:
1. fear。解析:固定搭配“have a fear of”(害怕…)。
2. fearful。解析:修饰名词“storm”,需用形容词,意为“可怕的”。
33. giraffe (n.)
词义: 长颈鹿
词性转换: giraffe (n.),单复数同形或加-s。
常见搭配: the long neck of a giraffe (长颈鹿的长脖子)
例句: The giraffe has the longest neck of any animal.
翻译: 长颈鹿是所有动物中脖子最长的。
练习题:
1. We saw a herd of ______ (giraffe) on the safari.
2. The ______ (giraffe) main food source is leaves from tall trees.
答案与解析:
1. giraffes。解析:复数形式更常见。
2. giraffe's。解析:表示“长颈鹿的”,用所有格形式。
34. bone (n. & v.)
词义: n. 骨头; v. 剔去…的骨头
近义词: n. skeleton
词性转换: bone (n./v.) → bony (adj. 瘦骨嶙峋的;多骨的) → boneless (adj. 无骨的)
常见搭配: break a bone (骨折); a bag of bones (骨瘦如柴的人)
例句: Dogs love to chew on bones.
翻译: 狗喜欢啃骨头。
练习题:
1. The old man was very thin and ______ (bone).
2. Could you ______ (bone) this fish for me, please?
答案与解析:
1. bony。解析:作表语,需形容词,意为“瘦骨嶙峋的”。
2. bone。解析:情态动词“Could you”后接动词原形。
35. neck (n.)
词义: 脖子;颈部;衣领
词性转换: neck (n.) → necklace (n. 项链) → neckline (n. 领口)
常见搭配: neck and neck (并驾齐驱); a stiff neck (脖子僵硬)
例句: She wore a beautiful necklace around her neck.
翻译: 她脖子上戴着一条漂亮的项链。
练习题:
1. She bought a diamond ______ (neck) for her wedding.
2. The two runners were ______ (neck) and neck until the finish line.
答案与解析:
1. necklace。解析:意为“项链”,可数名词。
2. neck。解析:固定短语“neck and neck”,意为“不分上下”。
36. snake (n. & v.)
词义: n. 蛇; v. 蜿蜒前进
近义词: v. wind, twist
词性转换: snake (n./v.) → snaky (adj. 蛇形的;阴险的)
常见搭配: a poisonous snake (毒蛇)
例句: The path snakes its way through the forest.
翻译: 小路蜿蜒穿过森林。
练习题:
1. The river made a ______ (snake) path through the valley.
2. Be careful! There might be ______ (snake) in the long grass.
答案与解析:
1. snaky。解析:修饰名词“path”,需用形容词,意为“蜿蜒的”。
2. snakes。解析:可数名词复数。
37. tip (n. & v.)
词义: n. 尖端;小费;建议; v. 使倾斜;给小费
近义词: n. point, end, advice; v. tilt, lean
反义词: n. base (基部)
词性转换: tip (n./v.) → tiptoe (v./n. 踮着脚走)
常见搭配: the tip of your nose (你的鼻尖); tip over (翻倒)
例句: Only the tip of the iceberg is visible. / Don't forget to tip the waiter.
翻译: 只有冰山的尖端是可见的。/ 别忘了给服务员小费。
练习题:
1. She walked on ______ (tiptoe) so as not to wake the baby.
2. Here's a useful ______ (tip): drink plenty of water.
答案与解析:
1. tiptoe。解析:固定短语“on tiptoe”或“on tiptoes”(踮着脚)。
2. tip。解析:此处意为“建议,提示”,可数名词。
38. human (n. & adj.)
词义: n. 人,人类; adj. 人的,人类的
近义词: n. person, mankind; adj. mortal
反义词: adj. animal, inhuman (非人的,不人道的)
词性转换: human (n./adj.) → humane (adj. 人道的) → humanity (n. 人性;人类)
常见搭配: human being (人类); human rights (人权)
例句: Dogs are often called human's best friend.
翻译: 狗常被称为人类最好的朋友。
练习题:
1. We should treat animals with ______ (human).
2. It is only ______ (human) to make mistakes.
答案与解析:
1. humanity 或 compassion。解析:介词“with”后接名词,意为“以人道/同情心对待”。
2. human。解析:在“It is + adj. + to do”结构中作表语,意为“是人之常情”。
39. radar (n.)
词义: 雷达
近义词: sonar (声呐)
词性转换: radar (n.) → radar screen (n. 雷达屏幕)
常见搭配: radar system (雷达系统); on the radar (在雷达上;被关注)
例句: Bats use a natural radar system to find insects.
翻译: 蝙蝠利用天然的雷达系统寻找昆虫。
练习题:
1. The plane disappeared from the ______ (radar).
2. This issue is not even on my ______ (radar) right now.
答案与解析:
1. radar screen 或 radar。解析:固定搭配“disappear from the radar (screen)”。
2. radar。解析:固定短语“on one's radar”(在某人的关注范围内)。
40. allow (v.)
词义: 允许,准许
近义词: permit, let
反义词: forbid, prohibit (禁止)
词性转换: allow (v.) → allowance (n. 津贴;允许) → allowable (adj. 允许的)
常见搭配: allow sb. to do sth. (允许某人做某事); allow for (考虑到)
例句: Pets are not allowed in this restaurant.
翻译: 本餐厅不允许宠物入内。
练习题:
1. He gets a weekly ______ (allow) from his parents.
2. The museum has a ______ (allow) number of visitors per day.
答案与解析:
1. allowance。解析:意为“零花钱,津贴”,名词。
2. limited 或 maximum allowable。解析:原句想表达“每日允许的(最大)访客数量”。“allowable”是形容词,但更常见的表达是“a limited number”或“a maximum allowable number”。
41. safely (adv.)
词义: 安全地
近义词: securely
反义词: dangerously
词性转换: safely (adv.) ← safe (adj.) → safety (n. 安全) → save (v. 拯救;节省)
常见搭配: arrive safely (安全抵达)
例句: The children crossed the road safely.
翻译: 孩子们安全地穿过了马路。
练习题:
1. Your ______ (safe) is our top priority.
2. The new measures will help ______ (safe) lives.
答案与解析:
1. safety。解析:作主语,需名词。
2. save。解析:情态动词“will”后接动词原形,“save lives”意为“挽救生命”。
42. echo (n. & v.)
词义: n. 回声,回响; v. 发出回声;重复(观点)
近义词: n. reverberation; v. repeat, reflect
词性转换: echo (n./v.) → echoey (adj. 有回声的)
常见搭配: the echo of footsteps (脚步声的回响); echo one's thoughts (附和某人的想法)
例句: His shout produced a loud echo in the valley.
翻译: 他的喊声在山谷中产生了响亮的回声。
练习题:
1. The empty hall was very ______ (echo).
2. Her words ______ (echo) in my mind for days.
答案与解析:
1. echoey。解析:在系动词“was”后作表语,需形容词,意为“有回声的,空荡的”。
2. echoed。解析:描述过去持续状态,用一般过去时。
43. cheer (v. & n.)
词义: v. 欢呼,喝彩; n. 欢呼声;愉快
近义词: v. applaud, encourage; n. applause
反义词: v. boo (发出嘘声)
词性转换: cheer (v./n.) → cheerful (adj. 快乐的) → cheering (adj. 令人鼓舞的)
常见搭配: three cheers for... (为…欢呼三声)
例句: The crowd cheered when the team scored.
翻译: 当球队得分时,人群欢呼起来。
练习题:
1. She has a ______ (cheer) personality and is always smiling.
2. The news was very ______ (cheer) for everyone involved.
答案与解析:
1. cheerful。解析:修饰名词“personality”,需用形容词,意为“开朗的性格”。
2. cheering。解析:在系动词“was”后作表语,需形容词,意为“令人振奋的”。
44. cheer (sb.) up (phr. v.)
词义: (使) 高兴起来,(使) 振作起来
近义词: make sb. happy, comfort
反义词: bring sb. down (使某人沮丧)
词性转换: 动词短语。
常见搭配: cheer up! (振作起来!)
例句: I tried to cheer her up by telling her a funny story.
翻译: 我试着给她讲了个有趣的故事,让她高兴起来。
练习题:
1. We need to do something to ______ (cheer up) the sick child.
2. ______ (Cheer up)! Things will get better soon.
答案与解析:
1. cheer up。解析:动词不定式“to”后接动词原形。
2. Cheer up。解析:祈使句,用于鼓励对方。
45. hard-working (adj.)
词义: 努力工作的,勤奋的
近义词: diligent, industrious
反义词: lazy
词性转换: hard-working (adj.) ← work hard (v. phrase)
常见搭配: a hard-working student (勤奋的学生)
例句: She is very hard-working and always finishes her tasks on time.
翻译: 她非常勤奋,总是按时完成任务。
练习题:
1. His ______ (hard-working) finally paid off when he got the promotion.
2. To succeed, you need to be talented and ______ (hard-working).
答案与解析:
1. hard work。解析:作主语,需名词短语“hard work”(辛勤工作)。
2. hard-working。解析:作表语,需形容词。
46. useful (adj.)
词义: 有用的,有益的
近义词: helpful, beneficial
反义词: useless
词性转换: useful (adj.) ← use (v./n.) → useless (adj. 无用的) → user (n. 用户)
常见搭配: useful information (有用的信息)
例句: The internet is a useful tool for research.
翻译: 互联网是研究的有用工具。
练习题:
1. The old machine is no longer of any ______ (use).
2. She explained the ______ (use) of the new software.
答案与解析:
1. use。解析:固定短语“be of use”(有用),名词。
2. use。解析:作宾语,需名词,意为“用途”。
47. save (v.)
词义: 拯救;节省;储蓄
近义词: rescue, economize, store
反义词: waste, spend (浪费,花费)
词性转换: save (v.) → saver (n. 储蓄者;省钱之物) → savings (n. 储蓄金) → safe (adj. 安全的)
常见搭配: save money (省钱/存钱); save one's life (挽救某人的生命)
例句: We need to save water. / He saved the child from drowning.
翻译: 我们需要节约用水。/ 他救了那个溺水的孩子。
练习题:
1. She put her ______ (save) in the bank.
2. It's important to have a ______ (save) place to keep your valuables.
答案与解析:
1. savings。解析:意为“积蓄,存款”,常用复数。
2. safe。解析:修饰名词“place”,需用形容词,意为“安全的地方”。
48. correct (adj. & v.)
词义: adj. 正确的;恰当的; v. 改正,纠正
近义词: adj. right, accurate; v. rectify, fix
反义词: adj. incorrect, wrong; v. spoil (弄糟)
词性转换: correct (adj./v.) → correction (n. 改正) → correctly (adv. 正确地)
常见搭配: the correct answer (正确答案); correct mistakes (纠正错误)
例句: Is this the correct way to the station? / Please correct me if I'm wrong.
翻译: 这是去车站的正确路线吗?/ 如果我说错了请纠正我。
练习题:
1. He made several ______ (correct) to his essay.
2. You need to answer the question ______ (correct) to get full marks.
答案与解析:
1. corrections。解析:可数名词复数,意为“修改处”。
2. correctly。解析:修饰动词“answer”,需用副词。
49. relationship (n.)
词义: 关系;联系
近义词: connection, association
词性转换: relationship (n.) ← relate (v.) → related (adj. 相关的) → relative (n. 亲戚)
常见搭配: a good relationship with sb. (与某人关系良好); family relationships (家庭关系)
例句: The relationship between a pet and its owner is special.
翻译: 宠物和主人之间的关系很特别。
练习题:
1. How are these two events ______ (relate)?
2. All my close ______ (relative) live far away.
答案与解析:
1. related。解析:被动语态“are + 过去分词”,意为“被关联”。
2. relatives。解析:意为“亲戚”,可数名词复数。
50. care for (phr. v.)
词义: 照顾;喜欢;关心
近义词: look after, take care of; like
反义词: neglect (忽视)
词性转换: 动词短语。名词:care (n.), carer (n.)。
常见搭配: care for the elderly (照顾老人); I don't care for coffee. (我不喜欢咖啡。)
例句: Who will care for your guinea pig when you're on holiday?
翻译: 你度假时谁来照顾你的豚鼠?
练习题:
1. She decided to pursue a career in ______ (care) for the disabled.
2. Would you ______ (care for) a cup of tea?
答案与解析:
1. caring 或 care。解析:“in caring for”或“in the care of”都可以,意为“在照料…方面”。
2. care for。解析:固定礼貌用语“Would you care for...?”(你想要…吗?)。
51. guinea pig (n.)
词义: 豚鼠;实验对象
词性转换: guinea pig (n.)
常见搭配: keep a guinea pig as a pet (把豚鼠当宠物养)
例句: Guinea pigs are popular pets because they are gentle.
翻译: 豚鼠因为性情温和而成为受欢迎的宠物。
练习题:
1. The students acted as ______ (guinea pig) for the new teaching method.
2. My ______ (guinea pig) loves to eat fresh vegetables.
答案与解析:
1. guinea pigs。解析:此处用比喻义“实验对象”,复数。
2. guinea pig。解析:单数名词。
52. round (adj., adv., prep. & n.)
词义: adj. 圆形的; adv. 环绕地; prep. 围绕;在…各处; n. 一轮;圆形物
近义词: adj. circular; prep. around
反义词: adj. square (方的)
词性转换: round (adj./adv./prep./n.) → roundness (n. 圆) → roundabout (adj. 迂回的; n. 环岛)
常见搭配: a round table (圆桌); all year round (一年到头); go round (旋转)
例句: The Earth is round. / We sat round the campfire.
翻译: 地球是圆的。/ 我们围着营火坐着。
练习题:
1. The ______ (round) of the baby's face made her look very cute.
2. Let's take a ______ (round) tour of the city.
答案与解析:
1. roundness。解析:定冠词“The”后需名词。
2. round。解析:修饰名词“tour”,用形容词,意为“环城的”。
53. name (n. & v.)
词义: n. 名字;名声; v. 命名;说出…的名字
近义词: n. title; v. call, designate
词性转换: name (n./v.) → nameless (adj. 无名的) → namely (adv. 即,也就是)
常见搭配: first name (名); in the name of (以…的名义)
例句: What's your name? / They named the baby Lily.
翻译: 你叫什么名字?/ 他们给婴儿取名为莉莉。
练习题:
1. The donor wished to remain ______ (name).
2. Only one student passed, ______ (name), John.
答案与解析:
1. nameless。解析:作表语,需形容词,意为“匿名的”。
2. namely。解析:作插入语,需副词,用于举例说明。
54. loud (adj. & adv.)
词义: adj. 大声的;喧闹的; adv. 大声地(常以loudly形式)
近义词: adj. noisy; adv. loudly
反义词: adj. quiet, soft; adv. quietly
词性转换: loud (adj./adv.) → loudly (adv.) → loudness (n. 响度)
常见搭配: loud music (吵闹的音乐); speak louder (说大声点)
例句: The music is too loud. / Can you speak a little louder?
翻译: 音乐太响了。/ 你能说大声一点吗?
练习题:
1. He complained ______ (loud) about the poor service.
2. The ______ (loud) of the explosion was terrifying.
答案与解析:
1. loudly。解析:修饰动词“complained”,需用副词。
2. loudness。解析:作主语,需名词。
55. noise (n.)
词义: 噪音,喧闹声
近义词: sound, din, racket
反义词: silence, quiet
词性转换: noise (n.) → noisy (adj. 吵闹的) → noisily (adv.)
常见搭配: make a noise (发出噪音); background noise (背景噪音)
例句: Don't make so much noise! / The classroom was very noisy.
翻译: 别那么吵!/ 教室非常吵闹。
练习题:
1. The ______ (noise) children were told to be quiet.
2. The machine operates almost ______ (noise).
答案与解析:
1. noisy。解析:修饰名词“children”,需用形容词。
2. noiselessly 或 silently。解析:修饰动词“operates”,需用副词。反义词是“noiselessly”(无声地)或直接用“silently”。
56. down (adv., prep., adj. & v.)
词义: adv./prep. 向下,在下面; adj. 情绪低落的; v. 打倒;喝下
近义词: adv./prep. downward(s); adj. depressed, sad
反义词: adv./prep. up (向上)
词性转换: down (adv./prep./adj.) → downcast (adj. 垂头丧气的) → downfall (n. 衰落)
常见搭配: sit down (坐下); feel down (感到沮丧)
例句: Tears ran down her face. / He's feeling a bit down today.
翻译: 泪水从她的脸上流下。/ 他今天感觉有点低落。
练习题:
1. She looked very ______ (downcast) after hearing the bad news.
2. The heavy rain caused the ______ (down) of several trees.
答案与解析:
1. downcast。解析:作表语,需形容词,意为“垂头丧气的”。
2. downfall。解析:意为“倒下,衰败”,名词。此处指“树木的倒伏”。
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